Journal ArticleDOI
Toxicity of heavy metals to microorganisms and microbial processes in agricultural soils: a review.
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
In this article, a hypothesis is formulated to explain how microorganisms may become affected by gradually increasing soil metal concentrations and this is discussed in relation to defining safe or critical soil metal loadings for soil protection.Abstract:
An increasing body of evidence suggests that microorganisms are far more sensitive to heavy metal stress than soil animals or plants growing on the same soils. Not surprisingly, most studies of heavy metal toxicity to soil microorganisms have concentrated on effects where loss of microbial function can be observed and yet such studies may mask underlying effects on biodiversity within microbial populations and communities. The types of evidence which are available for determining critical metal concentrations or loadings for microbial processes and populations in agricultural soil are assessed, particularly in relation to the agricultural use of sewage sludge. Much of the confusion in deriving critical toxic concentrations of heavy metals in soils arises from comparison of experimental results based on short-term laboratory ecotoxicological studies with results from monitoring of long-term exposures of microbial populations to heavy metals in field experiments. The laboratory studies in effect measure responses to immediate, acute toxicity (disturbance) whereas the monitoring of field experiments measures responses to long-term chronic toxicity (stress) which accumulates gradually. Laboratory ecotoxicological studies are the most easily conducted and by far the most numerous, but are difficult to extrapolate meaningfully to toxic effects likely to occur in the field. Using evidence primarily derived from long-term field experiments, a hypothesis is formulated to explain how microorganisms may become affected by gradually increasing soil metal concentrations and this is discussed in relation to defining “safe” or “critical” soil metal loadings for soil protection.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Fate and effects of heavy metals in salt marsh sediments
TL;DR: Although Ni-amendment increased AMF colonization, especially during vegetative growth, in general AMF were largely unaffected, and lower Ni concentrations in plants from amended cores were accompanied by seasonal reductions in plant biomass, photosynthetic capacity and transfer efficiency.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inoculation of bacteria for the bioremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil by Agrocybe aegerita
TL;DR: In this article, a combination of mushrooms and bacteria was used as a novel technique to remediate soils polluted by heavy metals, and Pot experiments were conducted to investigate combined effects of Agrocybe aegerita and Serratia spp.
Journal ArticleDOI
Contamination of Soil by Copper Affects the Dynamics, Diversity, and Activity of Soil Bacterial Communities Involved in Wheat Decomposition and Carbon Storage
Laetitia Bernard,Pierre-Alain Maron,Christophe Mougel,Virginie Nowak,Jean Lévêque,Christine Marol,Jérôme Balesdent,Frédéric Gibiat,Lionel Ranjard +8 more
TL;DR: A soil microcosm experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of copper contamination on the dynamics and diversity of bacterial communities actively involved in wheat residue decomposition, and in the presence of copper, a higher level of CO2 release was observed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Responses of Soil Bacteria to Long-Term and Short-Term Cadmium Stress as Revealed by Microbial Community Analysis
Yan Zhang,Yan Zhang,Xiaoli Zhang,Huiwei Zhang,Qiang He,Qixing Zhou,Zhencheng Su,Chenggang Zhang +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that soil characteristics and nutrient conditions were likely more important than cadmium toxicity in shaping the soil bacterial community structure in the long term, and soil microbial genetic diversity was shown to be more closely correlated to Cadmium levels under short-term cadmum stress.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pollution-induced tolerance of soil bacterial communities in meadow and forest ecosystems polluted with heavy metals
TL;DR: In this article, the authors test whether tolerance of soil bacterial communities had increased as an effect of long-term metal pollution, in both forest humus and meadow topsoil.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass c
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of fumigation on organic C extractable by 0.5 m K2SO4 were examined in a contrasting range of soils and it was shown that both ATP and organic C rendered decomposable by CHCl3 came from the soil microbial biomass.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation.
TL;DR: Phylogenetic analysis of the retrieved rRNA sequence of an uncultured microorganism reveals its closest culturable relatives and may, together with information on the physicochemical conditions of its natural habitat, facilitate more directed cultivation attempts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs.
TL;DR: The commonly observed high diversity of trees in tropical rain forests and corals on tropical reefs is a nonequilibrium state which, if not disturbed further, will progress toward a low-diversity equilibrium community as mentioned in this paper.
Book
Plant Strategies and Vegetation Processes
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present plant strategies in the established phase and the regenerative phase in the emerging phase, respectively, and discuss the relationship between the two phases: primary strategies and secondary strategies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory
TL;DR: A triangular model based upon the three strategies of evolution in plants may be reconciled with the theory of r- and K-selection, provides an insight into the processes of vegetation succession and dominance, and appears to be capable of extension to fungi and to animals.