Journal ArticleDOI
Toxicity of silver nanoparticles in zebrafish models.
TLDR
The results suggest that silver nanoparticles induce a dose-dependent toxicity in embryos, which hinders normal development.Abstract:
This study was initiated to enhance our insight on the health and environmental impact of silver nanoparticles (Ag-np). Using starch and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as capping agents, silver nanoparticles were synthesized to study their deleterious effects and distribution pattern in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). Toxicological endpoints like mortality, hatching, pericardial edema and heart rate were recorded. A concentration-dependent increase in mortality and hatching delay was observed in Ag-np treated embryos. Additionally, nanoparticle treatments resulted in concentration-dependent toxicity, typified by phenotypes that had abnormal body axes, twisted notochord, slow blood flow, pericardial edema and cardiac arrhythmia. Ag+ ions and stabilizing agents showed no significant defects in developing embryos. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the embryos demonstrated that nanoparticles were distributed in the brain, heart, yolk and blood of embryos as evident from the electron-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS). Furthermore, the acridine orange staining showed an increased apoptosis in Ag-np treated embryos. These results suggest that silver nanoparticles induce a dose-dependent toxicity in embryos, which hinders normal development.read more
Citations
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Microplastics in the marine environment
TL;DR: The mechanisms of generation and potential impacts of microplastics in the ocean environment are discussed, and the increasing levels of plastic pollution of the oceans are understood, it is important to better understand the impact of microPlastic in the Ocean food web.
Journal ArticleDOI
Silver nanoparticles: green synthesis and their antimicrobial activities.
TL;DR: This review presents an overview of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) preparation by green synthesis approaches that have advantages over conventional methods involving chemical agents associated with environmental toxicity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Human Cells
TL;DR: A possible mechanism of toxicity is proposed which involves disruption of the mitochondrial respiratory chain by Ag-np leading to production of ROS and interruption of ATP synthesis, which in turn cause DNA damage.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials and potential implications for human health and the environment
TL;DR: A review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials, including proposed antibacterial mechanisms and possible toxicity to higher organisms, is presented in this paper, where the authors suggest that further research is warranted given the already widespread and rapidly growing use of silver nanoparticles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental transformations of silver nanoparticles: impact on stability and toxicity.
Clément Levard,Clément Levard,E. Matt Hotze,E. Matt Hotze,Gregory V. Lowry,Gregory V. Lowry,Gordon E. Brown,Gordon E. Brown,Gordon E. Brown +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the major transformation processes of Ag-NPs in various aqueous environments, particularly transformations of the metallic Ag cores caused by reactions with (in)organic ligands, and the effects of such transformations on physical and chemical stability and toxicity are discussed.
References
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Translocation of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles to the Brain
Günter Oberdörster,Zachary D. Sharp,Viorel Atudorei,Alison Elder,Robert Gelein,Wolfgang G. Kreyling,Christopher Cox +6 more
TL;DR: The study concludes that the central nervous system (CNS) can be targeted by airborne solid ultrafine particles and that the most likely mechanism is from deposits on the olfactory mucosa of the nasopharyngeal region of the respiratory tract and subsequent translocation via the Olfactory nerve.
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In vitro toxicity of nanoparticles in BRL 3A rat liver cells
TL;DR: The microscopic studies demonstrated that nanoparticle-exposed cells at higher doses became abnormal in size, displaying cellular shrinkage, and an acquisition of an irregular shape, which suggested that cytotoxicity of Ag (15, 100 nm) in liver cells is likely to be mediated through oxidative stress.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of the Abilities of Ambient and Manufactured Nanoparticles To Induce Cellular Toxicity According to an Oxidative Stress Paradigm
Tian Xia,Michael Kovochich,Jonathan A. Brant,Matt Hotze,Joan M. Sempf,Terry Oberley,Constantinos Sioutas,Joanne I. Yeh,Mark R. Wiesner,Andre E. Nel +9 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that ROS generation and oxidative stress are a valid test paradigm to compare NP toxicity, and particle interactions with cellular components are capable of generating oxidative stress.
Journal ArticleDOI
Silver nanoparticles: partial oxidation and antibacterial activities.
Chun-Nam Lok,Chi Ming Ho,Rong Chen,Qing-Yu He,Wing-Yiu Yu,Hongzhe Sun,Paul K.H. Tam,Jen Fu Chiu,Chi-Ming Che +8 more
TL;DR: The results show that the antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles are dependent on chemisorbed Ag+, which is readily formed owing to extreme sensitivity to oxygen.
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