Journal ArticleDOI
Translocation analysis by the FISH-painting method for retrospective dose reconstruction in individuals exposed to ionizing radiation 10 years after exposure.
Marjori Leiva Camparoto,A.T. Ramalho,A.T. Natarajan,Maria Paula Curado,Elza Tiemi Sakamoto-Hojo,Elza Tiemi Sakamoto-Hojo +5 more
TLDR
A tentative of retrospective dosimetry was performed, indicating that the method is feasible only for low level exposure (below 0.5Gy), while for higher doses there is a need to apply appropriate correction factors, which take into consideration mainly the persistence of chromosomal translocations along with time.Abstract:
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful method largely used for detecting chromosomal rearrangements, translocations in particular, which are important biomarkers for dose assessment in case of human exposure to ionizing radiation. To test the possibility of using the translocation analysis by FISH-painting method in retrospective dose assessment, we carried out in vitro experiments in irradiated human lymphocytes, in parallel with the analysis of translocations in lymphocytes from 10 individuals, who were exposed to 137 cesium in the Goiânia (Brazil) accident (samples collected 10 years after exposure). The in vitro dose–response curve for the genomic translocation frequencies (FGs) fits a linear quadratic model, according to the equation: Y =0.0243 X 2 +0.0556 X . The FG values were also calculated for the individuals exposed to 137 cesium , ranging from 0.58 to 5.91 per 100 cells, and the doses were estimated and compared with the results obtained by dicentric analysis soon after the accident, taking the opportunity to test the validity of translocation analysis in retrospective biodosimetry. A tentative of retrospective dosimetry was performed, indicating that the method is feasible only for low level exposure (below 0.5 Gy), while for higher doses there is a need to apply appropriate correction factors, which take into consideration mainly the persistence of chromosomal translocations along with time, and the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors determining the inter-individual variability in the cellular responses to radiation.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The in vitro genotoxicity of orthopaedic ceramic (Al2O3) and metal (CoCr alloy) particles.
TL;DR: Results show that alumina (Al(2)O(3)) ceramic particles are only weakly genotoxic to human cells in vitro when compared with metal (CoCr alloy) particles, and both types of particle caused mainly numerical rather than structural chromosomal aberrations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Current status of biodosimetry based on standard cytogenetic methods
TL;DR: An overview on biodosimetry based on standard cytogenetic methods is presented, highlighting its advantages and limitations as tool in monitoring of radiation workers’ doses or investigation into accidental exposures.
Journal ArticleDOI
Low-dose ionizing radiation and chromosome translocations: a review of the major considerations for human biological dosimetry.
TL;DR: Improvements in the ability to use translocation frequencies for low-dose biological dosimetry will require scoring very large numbers of cells per subject, which may be accomplished by developing a rapid automated image analysis system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Catalytic inhibition of topoisomerase II by a novel rationally designed ATP-competitive purine analogue.
Patrick Chène,Joëlle Rudloff,Joseph Schoepfer,Pascal Furet,Peter Meier,Zhiyan Qian,Jean Marc Schlaeppi,Rita Schmitz,Thomas Radimerski +8 more
TL;DR: The results obtained with QAP 1 demonstrate that potent and selective catalytic inhibition of human topoisomerase II function with an ATP-competitive inhibitor is feasible and that such drugs could potentially be developed as anti-cancer therapy for tumors that bear the appropriate combination of molecular alterations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biomarkers of Space Radiation Risk
TL;DR: Biomarkers may be superior to dose in predicting space radiation risk, pending technical improvements in sensitivity, and validation by epidemiological studies, suggesting that the current system for radiogenic risk evaluation is essentially sound.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Parameters of the human genome
TL;DR: Estimates of the physical and sex-specific genetic lengths are presented for each chromosome arm, with chiasma counts and linkage maps corrected for failure to sample telomeres giving an autosomal size of 2809 centimorgans in males and 4782 centim Morgans in females.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rapid translocation frequency analysis in humans decades after exposure to ionizing radiation.
J. N. Lucas,Akio A. Awa,T. Straume,M. Poggensee,Y. Kodama,Mimako Nakano,K. Ohtaki,H.-U. Weier,Daniel Pinkel,Joe W. Gray,G. Littlefield +10 more
TL;DR: An analysis of the utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization with whole-chromosome probes for measurement of the genomic frequency of translocations found in the peripheral blood of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation shows that translocation frequency dose response curves estimated using FISH are similar for Hiroshima A-bomb survivors and for first division lymphocytes irradiated in vitro.
Journal ArticleDOI
Current status of cytogenetic procedures to detect and quantify previous exposures to radiation.
Michael A. Bender,Akio A. Awa,Antone L. Brooks,H.John Evans,Peter G. Groer,L. Gayle Littlefield,Carlos Eduardo Pereira,R. Julian Preston,Bruce W. Wachholz +8 more
TL;DR: The working group believes that with prompt peripheral blood sampling, external doses to individuals of the order of about 10 rad (or less if the exposure was to high-LET radiation) can accurately be detected and measured and does not believe that cytogenetic measurements can detect internal doses from fallout radionuclides in individuals unless these are very large.
Journal Article
Current status of cytogenetic procedures to detect and quantify previous exposures to radiation : a summary
Michael A. Bender,Akio A. Awa,Antone L. Brooks,H. J. Evans,P. C. Groer,L. Gayle Littlefield,Carlos Eduardo Pereira,R. J. Preston,B. Waccholz +8 more
TL;DR: The estimation of the magnitude of a dose ionizing radiation to which an individual has been exposed from chromosomal aberration frequencies determined in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures is a well-established methodology, having first been employed over 25 y ago as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
A proposed system for scoring structural aberrations detected by chromosome painting.
James D. Tucker,W. F. Morgan,A. A. Awa,M. Bauchinger,D. Blakey,Michael N. Cornforth,L. G. Littlefield,A. T. Natarajan,C. Shasserre +8 more
TL;DR: An international group of cytogeneticists experienced in chromosome painting gathered to address the issue of chromosome aberrations, and provides a nomenclature system capable of describing chromosome ab Kerrations that occur between painted and unpainted chromosomes, as well as aberration involving only painted chromosomes.