Journal ArticleDOI
Trends in surface wind speed and significant wave height as revealed by ERA-Interim wind wave hindcast in the Central Bay of Bengal
P.R. Shanas,V. Sanil Kumar +1 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors focused on the long-term wind and wave in the central Bay of Bengal from 1979 to 2012 based on the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis data sets and observed statistically declining trends in the mean and extreme wind speed with increasing trend in extreme significant wave height (SWH).Abstract:
The Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal regions are special interested sea areas in the Northern Hemisphere with large seasonal variability. Present study focused on the long-term wind and wave in the central Bay of Bengal from 1979 to 2012 based on the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis data sets. Data were validated with the nearest available buoy data for the years 2003, 2004 and 2005, and good correlation was observed (root mean square error ≈ 0.17-0.43 m). A clear seasonality was noted with intensified wind and waves during the southwest monsoon season. We observed statistically declining trends in the mean and extreme wind speed (90 th percentile) with increasing trend in extreme significant wave height (SWH). Seasonal analysis also investigated and found that the stronger events/winds during the SW monsoon season are weakening. Conflicting trends in the wind and wave height were mainly due to the swell dominance at the region which was identified by the separate trend analysis of wind-sea and swell height. The area average analysis is carried out to investigate the sensitivity of the identified trend results for the point location and found similar trends for extreme wind speed and SWH. The high (> 5 m) annual maximum SWH in the study area was attributed to the influence of tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal, and all of these high waves occurred before 1996 indicating that the influence of tropical cyclones in the study area decreased after 1996.read more
Citations
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Global trends in wind speed and wave height over the past 25 years
TL;DR: A 23-year database of calibrated and validated satellite altimeter measurements is used to investigate global changes in oceanic wind speed and wave height over this period and finds a general global trend of increasing values of windspeed and, to a lesser degree, wave height.
Dynamics and Modelling of Ocean Waves
TL;DR: In this article, a book that can be recommended for new readers is dynamics and modelling of ocean waves, which is not kind of difficult book to read and can be read and understand by the new readers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Net load variability in Nordic countries with a highly or fully renewable power system
Jon Olauson,Mohd Nasir Ayob,Mohd Nasir Ayob,Mikael Bergkvist,Nicole Carpman,Valeria Castellucci,Anders Goude,David Lingfors,Rafael Waters,Joakim Widén +9 more
TL;DR: Increasing the share of intermittent renewable energy (IRE) resources such as solar, wind, wave and tidal energy in a power system poses a challenge in terms of increased net load variability as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Surface Wave Climatology and Its Variability in the North Indian Ocean Based on ERA-Interim Reanalysis*
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the climate of the NIO and the variability of its surface waves using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) global atmospheric reanalysis product (ERA-Interim) for the period 1979-2012.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
Dick Dee,S. Uppala,Adrian Simmons,Paul Berrisford,Paul Poli,Shinya Kobayashi,Ulf Andrae,Magdalena Balmaseda,Gianpaolo Balsamo,Peter Bauer,Peter Bechtold,Anton Beljaars,L. van de Berg,Jean Bidlot,Niels Bormann,C. Delsol,Rossana Dragani,Manuel Fuentes,Alan J. Geer,Leopold Haimberger,Sean Healy,Hans Hersbach,Elías Hólm,Lars Isaksen,P. Kallberg,Martin Köhler,Marco Matricardi,A. P. McNally,B. M. Monge-Sanz,Jean-Jacques Morcrette,B.-K. Park,Carole Peubey,P. de Rosnay,Christina Tavolato,Jean-Noël Thépaut,Frederic Vitart +35 more
TL;DR: ERA-Interim as discussed by the authors is the latest global atmospheric reanalysis produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), which will extend back to the early part of the twentieth century.
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Rank correlation methods
TL;DR: The measurement of rank correlation was introduced in this paper, and rank correlation tied ranks tests of significance were applied to the problem of m ranking, and variate values were used to measure rank correlation.
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Rank Correlation Methods
TL;DR: RankRank correlation coefficients as mentioned in this paper are statistical indices that measure the degree of association between two variables having ordered categories, and are defined such that a coefficient of zero means "no association" between the variables and a value of +1.0 or -1.
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