Journal ArticleDOI
Urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery or cesarean section.
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TLDR
The risk of urinary incontinence is higher among women who have had cesarean sections than among nulliparous women and is even higher amongWomen who has had vaginal deliveries, however, these findings should not be used to justify an increase in the use of cesAREan sections.Abstract:
background It is uncertain whether women who deliver by cesarean section have an increased risk of urinary incontinence as compared with nulliparous women and whether women who deliver vaginally have an even higher risk. methods We studied 15,307 women enrolled in the Epidemiology of Incontinence in the County of Nord-Trondelag (EPINCONT) study, which involved a community-based cohort. The data base for this study was linked to data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We included women who answered questions related to urinary incontinence, were younger than 65 years of age, and had had no deliveries, cesarean sections only, or vaginal deliveries only. results The prevalence of any incontinence was 10.1 percent in the nulliparous group; agestandardized prevalences were 15.9 percent in the cesarean-section group and 21.0 percent in the vaginal-delivery group. Corresponding figures for moderate or severe incontinence were 3.7 percent, 6.2 percent, and 8.7 percent, respectively; figures for stress incontinence were 4.7 percent, 6.9 percent, and 12.2 percent, respectively; figures for urge incontinence were 1.6 percent, 2.2 percent, and 1.8 percent, respectively; and figures for mixed-type incontinence were 3.1 percent, 5.3 percent, and 6.1 percent, respectively. As compared with nulliparous women, women who had cesarean sections had an adjusted odds ratio for any incontinence of 1.5 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 1.9) and an adjusted odds ratio for moderate or severe incontinence of 1.4 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 2.1). Only stress and mixed-type incontinence were significantly associated with cesarean sections. The adjusted odds ratio for any incontinence associated with vaginal deliveries as compared with cesarean sections was 1.7 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 2.1), and the adjusted odds ratio for moderate or severe incontinence was 2.2 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.5 to 3.1). Only stress incontinence (adjusted odds ratio, 2.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.7 to 3.2) was associated with the mode of delivery. conclusions The risk of urinary incontinence is higher among women who have had cesarean sections than among nulliparous women and is even higher among women who have had vaginal deliveries. However, these findings should not be used to justify an increase in the use of cesarean sections.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cohort Profile: The HUNT Study, Norway
Steinar Krokstad,Arnulf Langhammer,Kristian Hveem,Turid Lingaas Holmen,Kristian Midthjell,TR Stene,Grete Helen Bratberg,Jon Heggland,Jostein Holmen +8 more
TL;DR: The HUNT Study includes large total population-based cohorts from the 1980ies, covering 125 000 Norwegian participants; HUNT1 (1984-86), HUNT2 (1995-97) and HUNT3 (2006-08), which contribute to important knowledge regarding health related lifestyle, prevalence and incidence of somatic and mental illness and disease, health determinants, and associations between disease phenotypes and genotypes.
The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 1995-97 (HUNT 2): Objectives, contents, methods and participation
Jostein Holmen,Kristian Midthjell,O Krüger,Arnulf Langhammer,Turid Lingaas Holmen,Grete Helen Bratberg,Lars J. Vatten,Per G. Lund-Larsen +7 more
TL;DR: There was a decline in participation rate from HUNT 1 to HUNT 2 (16.9%).
Journal ArticleDOI
Urinary incontinence in women
Peggy Norton,Linda Brubaker +1 more
TL;DR: The recent proliferation of new drug treatments and surgical devices for urinary incontinence have had mixed results; direct-to-consumer advertising has increased public awareness of the problem, but many new products are being introduced without long-term assessment of their safety and efficacy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term risks and benefits associated with cesarean delivery for mother, baby, and subsequent pregnancies: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
TL;DR: When compared with vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery is associated with a reduced rate of urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse, but this should be weighed against the association with increased risks for fertility, future pregnancy, and long-term childhood outcomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Urinary Incontinence in US Women A Population-Based Study
TL;DR: Age, BMI, race, medical comorbidity, current major depression, diabetes, a history of hysterectomy, parity, and having only had cesarean deliveries are each independent factors significantly associated with the likelihood of having UI.
References
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Statistical Methods in Cancer Research
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Statistical methods in cancer research
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N. E. Breslow,N. E. Day +1 more
TL;DR: Case-control studies have come into increasing favour, and they are now one of the commonest forms of epidemiol-ogical studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
A community-based epidemiological survey of female urinary incontinence:: The Norwegian EPINCONT Study
TL;DR: Urinary leakage is highly prevalent in an unselected female population in Norway and seven percent of the participating women have significant incontinence and should be regarded as potential patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiology and natural history of urinary incontinence.
Steinar Hunskaar,E. P. Arnold,Kathryn L. Burgio,Ananias C. Diokno,A. R. Herzog,Veronica T. Mallett +5 more
TL;DR: A large number of completed studies in the field of urinary incontinence are reviewed, and high-quality and population-based studies are emphasized, and races and ethnic differences are discussed.