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Useful Non-Newtonian Models
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In this article, the authors describe non-Newtonian effects on the viscosity of two-phase fluids with complex structure, such as macromolecular fluids, soap solutions, and soap solutions.Abstract:
Here 1t is the total momentum flux (or stress tensor), defined in such a way that the force transmitted from the negative side of a surface element of unit area and normal vector n is [n· 1t] (Bird, Stewart & Lightfoot 1960). The symbol b stands for the unit tensor, , is the extra stress tensor, p is the isotropic pressure, and y = (Vv) + (Vv)t is the rate-of-strain tensor; the viscosity Il depends on temperature, pressure, and concentration, but not on the time t or on any kinematic quantities such as y. It is well known that liquids with complex structure, such as macromolecular fluids, soap solutions, and two-phase fluids are not described by (1). The following are some of the "non-Newtonian" effects that have been observed:read more
Citations
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The hydrodynamics of swimming microorganisms
Eric Lauga,Thomas R. Powers +1 more
TL;DR: The biophysical and mechanical principles of locomotion at the small scales relevant to cell swimming, tens of micrometers and below are reviewed, with emphasis on the simple physical picture and fundamental flow physics phenomena in this regime.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Rheological Properties of Suspensions of Rigid Particles
David J. Jeffrey,Andreas Acrivos +1 more
TL;DR: Experimental and theoretical work on the rheological properties of suspensions is reviewed in this paper, with particular emphasis placed on the nature of the approximations made, so that purely empirical formulas can be clearly separated from those having a theoretical basis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Propulsion in a viscoelastic fluid
TL;DR: This work considers the simplest model of propulsion and transport in a complex fluid, a waving sheet of small amplitude free to move in a polymeric fluid with a single relaxation time, and shows that, compared to self-propulsion in a Newtonian fluid occurring at a velocity UN, the sheet swims or transports fluid with velocity U∕UN.
Journal ArticleDOI
Constitutive equations for polymeric liquids
R. Byron Bird,John M. Wiest +1 more
TL;DR: The origins, uses and evaluation of constitutive equations for the stress tensor of polymeric liquids are discussed in this paper, where the authors also discuss the use of the constitutive equation for the tensor tensor.
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A Field and Laboratory Study of Wave Damping by Grease Ice
Seelye Martin,Peter Kauffman +1 more
TL;DR: In a field and laboratory study, the formation, growth, and wave absorption properties of grease ice were discussed in this article, showing that grease-ice formation occurs under cold windy conditions in both leads and polynyas, and that the thickness of the grease ice is determined by a balance between the wavemomentum flux and the free surface tilt.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Rheological Equations from Molecular Network Theories
TL;DR: In this paper, two rheological models are proposed by assuming two different mechanisms for the effect of the rate of strain on the kinetics of the network and experimental data on three fluids (representative of eight viscoelastic fluids) are used to test the models in various flow situations.