Waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and body mass index and their correlation with cardiovascular disease risk factors in Australian adults.
Marita Dalton,Adrian J. Cameron,Paul Zimmet,Jonathan E. Shaw,Damien John Jolley,David W. Dunstan,Timothy A Welborn +6 more
TLDR
To compare body mass index, waist circumference and waist–hip ratio as indices of obesity and assess the respective associations with type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia is compared.Abstract:
Objectives To compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist–hip ratio (WHR) as indices of obesity and assess the respective associations with type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia
Design and setting A national sample of 11 247 Australians aged ≥25 years was examined in 2000 in a cross-sectional survey
Main outcome measures The examination included a fasting blood sample, standard 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, blood pressure measurements and questionnaires to assess treatment for dyslipidaemia and hypertension BMI, waist circumference and WHR were measured to assess overweight and obesity
Results The prevalence of obesity amongst Australian adults defined by BMI, waist circumference and WHR was 208, 305 and 158% respectively The unadjusted odds ratio for the fourth vs first quartile of each obesity measurement showed that WHR had the strongest relationship with type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia (women only) and hypertension Following adjustment for age, however, there was little difference between the three measures of obesity, with the possible exceptions of hypertension in women, where BMI had a stronger association, and dyslipidaemia in women and type 2 diabetes in men, where WHR was marginally superior
Conclusions Waist circumference, BMI and WHR identified different proportions of the population, as measured by both prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors Whilst WHR had the strongest correlations with CVD risk factors before adjustment for age, the three obesity measures performed similarly after adjustment for age Given the difficulty of using age-adjusted associations in the clinical setting, these results suggest that given appropriate cut-off points, WHR is the most useful measure of obesity to use to identify individuals with CVD risk factorsread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Comparisons of percentage body fat, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-stature ratio in adults
Katherine M. Flegal,John A. Shepherd,Anne C. Looker,Barry I. Graubard,Lori G. Borrud,Cynthia L. Ogden,Tamara B. Harris,James E. Everhart,Nathaniel Schenker +8 more
TL;DR: BMI, WC, and WSR perform similarly as indicators of body fatness and are more closely related to each other than with percentage body fat.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus, Impaired Fasting Glucose, and Impaired Glucose Tolerance The Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab)
Elizabeth L M Barr,Paul Zimmet,Tim Welborn,Damien Jolley,Dianna J. Magliano,David W. Dunstan,Adrian J. Cameron,Terence Dwyer,Hugh R. Taylor,Andrew Tonkin,Tien Yin Wong,John J McNeil,Jonathan E. Shaw +12 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that CVD prevention may be warranted in people with all categories of abnormal glucose metabolism, and it suggests that this condition contributes to a large number of CVD deaths in the general population.
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Walking, Cycling, and Obesity Rates in Europe, North America, and Australia
TL;DR: The results suggest that active transportation could be one of the factors that explain international differences in obesity rates, and are inversely related to obesity in these countries.
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What aspects of body fat are particularly hazardous and how do we measure them
TL;DR: The capability of the most commonly used methods to assess total adiposity and fat distribution is summarized, and it has been shown that in particular the visceral fat depot is associated with metabolic disease risk.
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Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease
TL;DR: The definitions, prevalence, pathogenesis and management of the metabolic syndrome in relation to cardiovascular risk, which is multifactorial in origin, involve the management of multiple risks.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: Best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women
M C Pouliot,Jean-Pierre Després,Simone Lemieux,Sital Moorjani,Claude Bouchard,Angelo Tremblay,André Nadeau,Paul J. Lupien +7 more
TL;DR: It is suggested from data that waist circumference values above approximately 100 cm, or abdominal sagittal diameter values > 25 cm are most likely to be associated with potentially "atherogenic" metabolic disturbances.
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Weight Gain as a Risk Factor for Clinical Diabetes Mellitus in Women
TL;DR: The relations between change in adult weight and the risk for noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among women during 14 years of follow-up were quantified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Obesity, Fat Distribution, and Weight Gain as Risk Factors for Clinical Diabetes in Men
TL;DR: Although early obesity, absolute weight gain throughout adulthood, and waist circumference were good predictors of diabetes, attained BMI was the dominant risk factor for NIDDM; even men of average relative weight had significantly elevated RRs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Waist circumference as a measure for indicating need for weight management
TL;DR: Test the hypothesis that a single measurement, waist circumference, might be used to identify people at health risk both from being overweight and from having a central fat distribution and found it could be used in health promotion programmes to identify individuals who should seek and be offered weight management.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of overweight on the risk of developing common chronic diseases during a 10-year period.
Alison E. Field,Eugenie Coakley,Aviva Must,Jennifer L. Spadano,Nan M. Laird,William H. Dietz,Eric B. Rimm,Graham A. Colditz,Graham A. Colditz +8 more
TL;DR: The dose-response relationship between BMI and the risk of developing chronic diseases was evident even among adults in the upper half of the healthy weight range, suggesting that adults should try to maintain a BMI between 18.5 and 21.9 to minimize their risk of disease.
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