Journal ArticleDOI
Water Vapor Fluxes and Orographic Precipitation over Northern California Associated with a Landfalling Atmospheric River
TLDR
In this article, simulations of the 29-31 December 2005 storm in northern California using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model were able to realistically resolve the structure and strength of the water vapor fluxes over ocean and land.Abstract:
Atmospheric rivers accompanying Pacific storm systems play an important role in supplying moisture to the West Coast. Heavy precipitation associated with these systems falls not only along the west-facing slopes of the Coastal Range but also along the windward slopes of the interior Sierra Mountains. Simulations of the 29–31 December 2005 storm in northern California using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model were able to realistically resolve the structure and strength of the water vapor fluxes over ocean and land. The cross-barrier, southwesterly water vapor fluxes, peaking near 700 kg m−1 s−1 at the coast, dominated the airmass transformation over the northern California mountain complex. However, there was also significant northward water vapor flux along the base of the Sierras. The combination of a narrow, short-lived water vapor source from the atmospheric river, the gap in terrain facilitating flow around the coastal mountains, and the occurrence of a strong barrier jet at the...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climatological Characteristics of Atmospheric Rivers and Their Inland Penetration over the Western United States
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used Interim European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) data, Climate Prediction Center (CPC) precipitation analyses, and Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) observations to describe the characteristics of cool-season (November-April) ARs over the western United States.
Climatological Characteristics of Atmospheric Rivers and Their Inland Penetration over the Western United States
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used Interim European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) data, Climate Prediction Center (CPC) precipitation analyses, and Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) observations to describe the characteristics of cool-season (November-April) ARs over the western United States.
Journal ArticleDOI
Storms, floods, and the science of atmospheric rivers
F. M. Ralph,Michael D. Dettinger +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a stream of water thousands of kilometers long and as wide as the distance between New York City and Washington, D.C., flowing toward you at 30 miles per hour.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observed Impacts of Duration and Seasonality of Atmospheric-River Landfalls on Soil Moisture and Runoff in Coastal Northern California
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantified the duration of AR conditions and the role of duration in modulating hydrometeorological impacts, and showed that ARs with double the composite mean duration produced nearly 6 times greater peak streamflow and more than 7 times the storm-total runoff volume.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Multiscale Observational Case Study of a Pacific Atmospheric River Exhibiting Tropical–Extratropical Connections and a Mesoscale Frontal Wave
TL;DR: In this article, a case study of an atmospheric river (AR) that produced heavy precipitation in the U.S. Pacific Northwest during March 2005 is presented, where several key ingredients from the planetary scale to the mesoscale that contributed to the extreme nature of this event are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
North american regional reanalysis
Fedor Mesinger,Geoff DiMego,Eugenia Kalnay,Kenneth E. Mitchell,Perry Shafran,Wesley Ebisuzaki,Dusan Jovic,John S. Woollen,Eric Rogers,Ernesto Hugo Berbery,Michael Ek,Yun Fan,Robert Grumbine,Wayne Higgins,Hong Li,Ying Lin,Geoff Manikin,David F. Parrish,Wei Shi +18 more
TL;DR: The North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) project as mentioned in this paper uses the NCEP Eta model and its Data Assimilation System (at 32-km-45-layer resolution with 3-hourly output) to capture regional hydrological cycle, the diurnal cycle and other important features of weather and climate variability.
A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 2
William C. Skamarock,Joseph B. Klemp,Jimy Dudhia,David O. Gill,Dale Barker,Wei Wang,Jordan G. Powers +6 more
TL;DR: The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model as mentioned in this paper was developed as a collaborative effort among the NCAR Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology (MMM) Division, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and Forecast System Laboratory (FSL), the Department of Defense's Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) and Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS) at the University of Oklahoma, and the Federal Aviation Administration (F
Journal ArticleDOI
GPS Meteorology: Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Water Vapor Using the Global Positioning System
Michael Bevis,Steven Businger,Thomas A. Herring,Christian Rocken,Richard A. Anthes,Randolph H. Ware +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a new approach to remote sensing of water vapor based on the global positioning system (GPS) for estimating the extent to which signals propagating from GPS satellites to ground-based GPS receivers are delayed by atmospheric water vapor.
Journal ArticleDOI
A time-split nonhydrostatic atmospheric model for weather research and forecasting applications
TL;DR: The Advanced Research WRF (ARW) model is described, representative of this generation and of a class of models using explicit time-splitting integration techniques to efficiently integrate the Euler equations, and is the first fully compressible conservative-form nonhydrostatic atmospheric model suitable for both research and weather prediction applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Proposed Algorithm for Moisture Fluxes from Atmospheric Rivers
Yong Zhu,Reginald E. Newell +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a new algorithm is applied to study water vapor fluxes in the troposphere using wind and moisture data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts.