Xylitol Chewing Gums and Caries Rates: A 40-month Cohort Study
Kauko K. Mäkinen,C.A. Bennett,Philippe P. Hujoel,Pauli Isokangas,K.P. Isotupa,Pape Hr,Pirkko-Liisa Mäkinen +6 more
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It is suggested that systematic usage of polyol-based chewing gums reduces caries rates in young subjects, with xylitol gums being more effective than sorbitol gums.Abstract:
Dental caries is a pandemic infectious disease which can affect the quality of life and consumes considerable health care resources. The chewing of xylitol, sorbitol, and even sugar gum has been suggested to reduce caries rates. No clinical study has simultaneously investigated the effectiveness of these gums when compared with a group receiving no chewing gum. A 40-month double-blind cohort study on the relationship between the use of chewing gum and dental caries was performed in 1989-1993 in Belize, Central America. One thousand two hundred and seventy-seven subjects (mean age, 10.2 years) were assigned to nine treatment groups: one control group (no supervised gum use), four xylitol groups (range of supervised xylitol consumption: 4.3 to 9.0 g/day), two xylitol-sorbitol groups (range of supervised consumption of total polyols: 8.0 to 9.7 g/day), one sorbitol group (supervised consumption: 9.0 g/day). The gum use during school hours was supervised. Four calibrated dentists performed the caries registrations by means of a modified WHO procedure. The primary endpoint was the development of an unequivocal caries lesion on a non-cavitated tooth surface. Compared with the no-gum group, sucrose gum usage resulted in a marginal increase in the caries rate (relative risk, 1.20; 95% confidence interval,0.96 to 1.49; p = 0.1128). Sorbitol gum significantly reduced caries rates (relative risk 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.6 to 0.92 ; p = 0.0074). The four xylitol gums were most effective in reducing caries rates, the most effective agent being a 100% xylitol pellet gum (relative risk, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.20 to 0.36; p = 0.0001). This gum was superior to any other gum (p < 0.01). The xylitol-sorbitol mixtures were less effective than xylitol, but they reduced caries rates significantly compared with the no-gum group. DMFS analyses were consistent with these conclusions. The results suggest that systematic usage of polyol-based chewing gums reduces caries rates in young subjects, with xylitol gums being more effective than sorbitol gums.read more
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Saliva in health and disease: an appraisal and update.
TL;DR: The role of saliva, the prevalence of oral dryness and the consequent importance of salivary flow as well as the relationship between xerostomia and Salivary gland hypofunction amongst the causes of Oral dryness are reviewed.
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Remineralization of Enamel Subsurface Lesions by Sugar-free Chewing Gum Containing Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate:
TL;DR: The addition of CPP-ACP to either sorbitol- or xylitol-based gum resulted in a dose-related increase in enamel remineralization, with 0.19, 10.0, 18.8, and 56.4 mg of C PP-ACP producing an increase inEnamel remIneralization of 9, 63, 102, and 152%, respectively, relative to the control gum, independent of gum weight or type.
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Position of the American Dietetic Association: use of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners.
Valerie B. Duffy,Anderson Gh +1 more
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The use of sorbitol- and xylitol-sweetened chewing gum in caries control
TL;DR: The evidence is strong enough to support the regular use of xylitol-sweetened gum as a way to prevent caries, and it can be promoted as a public-health preventive measure.
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The effect of saliva on dental caries
TL;DR: Stimulating salivary flow through the chewing of sugar-free gum after meals has been shown to reduce the incidence of dental caries.
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