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In addition, miRNA are able to indirectly influence gene expression potential at the transcriptional level via modulation of the function of components of the epigenetic machinery (DNA methylation and histone modifications).
Taken together, these data for the first time show that miRNA* can positively modulate gene expression.
Moreover, the transferred miRNA is functional and could regulate gene expression in neighboring cells.
This could be achieved by enhancing mRNA degradation through an additive effect from multiple miRNA targeting. Genome-scale analysis on the nature of miRNA target genes has revealed a general mechanism for miRNA regulation of human gene expression.
A single miRNA can potentially regulate the expression of multiple genes and the proteins encoded.
Our studies systematically investigated hundreds of miRNA target genes, shed light on factors influencing miRNA functions, and suggested a new mechanism by which differential target repression by miRNAs regulates endogenous gene expression.
Those miRNA might therefore have significant further effect on gene expression by repressing the expression of genes involved in transcriptional regulation.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2016-RNA
51 Citations
Unlinking their expression has the potential to change the expression of multiple miRNA targets and shift a biological response.
These results support the possible role of miRNA interaction in the expression of its target genes and also ability of environmental toxicant to deregulate miRNA expression.
Taken together, our results elucidate the effect of different sequence features on miRNA-mediated regulation and demonstrate the predictability of their effect on gene expression with applications in regulatory genomics and synthetic biology. MiRNAs are known regulators of gene expression.

Related Questions

How to write review in miRNA?5 answersTo write a review on miRNA, one should consider various aspects highlighted in the literature. Firstly, understanding the regulatory processes of miRNA content through editing and tailing mechanisms is crucial. Additionally, recognizing the significant role of miRNAs in regulating cellular functions, especially in diseases like cancer and skin disorders, is essential for a comprehensive review. Furthermore, exploring the emerging research on exosome miRNAs and their potential clinical applications in disease diagnosis and treatment can provide valuable insights for the review. Lastly, delving into the involvement of miRNAs in drug resistance mechanisms in cancer can offer a unique perspective for the review, focusing on the potential of miRNAs in developing novel cancer therapies. By incorporating these diverse aspects, a thorough and informative review on miRNA can be crafted.
MiRNA in the development and regulation of the immune system?5 answersMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the development and regulation of the immune system. They are involved in fine-tuning host immune homeostasis and responses by negatively regulating mRNA stability and translation. Dysregulation of miRNA function is associated with various human diseases, including autoimmune disorders, hyper-inflammatory phenotypes, and cancer initiation and progression. MiRNAs are important for immune cell development, differentiation, and function, and their aberrant expression can lead to immune activation and impaired tolerance mechanisms. Studies have shown that miRNAs can directly interact with viral genomes and regulate gene expression linked to immune signaling during viral infections. Understanding the mechanisms and pathways by which miRNAs influence immune regulation is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to restore immune homeostasis and prevent immune-related diseases.
What are the roles of miRNAs in regulating ovarian follicular development?5 answersMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulating ovarian follicular development. They have been found to be differentially expressed in ovarian follicles during follicular development. Many miRNAs have been shown to regulate the apoptosis of follicular granulosa cells (FGCs) and follicular development (FD). Some miRNAs promote or induce FGCs apoptosis, while others inhibit it. MiRNAs exert their regulatory effects by targeting specific genes involved in FGCs apoptosis and FD. MiRNAs have been found to modulate FGCs apoptosis and FD through at least 77 signal pathways. Additionally, miRNAs have been shown to regulate estradiol secretion, GC apoptosis, and follicular atresia by targeting the CYP19A1 gene. These findings suggest that miRNAs have a significant impact on ovarian follicular development and can potentially be used as diagnostic markers for infertility and ovarian diseases.
What is the relation between miRNA and gene expression regulation?5 answersmiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression without triggering the adaptive immune response. They are encoded by viruses and play a crucial role in the virus lifecycle by targeting common cellular processes. Dysregulation of miRNA expression is linked to the development of diseases, and miRNA biogenesis is regulated by epigenetic modifications, RNA modifications, and other noncoding RNAs. In eukaryotes, gene regulation is achieved through various mechanisms, including post-transcriptional control by miRNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). miRNAs combine with the Argonaute protein to form the microRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC), which silences target transcripts through base-pair complementation. RBPs influence miRISC-mediated gene silencing by impacting miRISC biogenesis, composition, or miRISC-mRNA target interaction. Overall, miRNAs play a crucial role in gene expression regulation, both in viral infections and in normal cellular processes.
•What is miRNA?3 answersMicroRNA (miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA molecule that plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. It has been found that dysregulation of miRNAs is associated with various diseases and conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. MiRNAs are involved in numerous biological processes, such as developmental regulation, cellular homeostasis, immune response, metabolic regulation, neurological function, cardiovascular function, and epigenetic regulation. They can be detected and quantified using various techniques, including Northern blotting, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), microarray analysis, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). MiRNAs have also shown potential as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis, and as therapeutic targets for various conditions. However, further research is needed to fully understand their potential and limitations.
What miRNA are delivered by liposomes?3 answersLiposomes are used to deliver various microRNAs (miRNAs). Specifically, miR-126 is delivered using miRNA-loaded liposomes (mi-BLs). These mi-BLs can be detected using diagnostic ultrasound (US) and deliver miR-126 to an ischemic hindlimb, promoting angiogenesis. In addition to miR-126, other miRNAs are also delivered using liposomes. For example, a novel 25 nucleotide sense strand of miRNA was designed to silence the Slug gene and encapsulated into liposomes for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Liposomes have also been investigated as non-viral vectors for miRNA delivery in general. Overall, liposomes have shown promise as carriers for delivering various miRNAs for therapeutic purposes.