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How many robotic arms does Dr octopus have? 

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From these considerations, the octopus emerges as a good model for embodied intelligence and for soft robotics.
The octopus's generalist hunting lifestyle and the structure of their arms suggest that these animals have no need to designate specific arms for specific tasks.
The octopus arms provide it with both locomotion and grasping capabilities, thanks to the fact that their stiffness can change over a wide range and can be controlled through combined contractions of the muscles.
This work illustrates new tools and methods for an in vivo and direct, but non-invasive, measurement of an octopus arm mechanical properties.
Our modeling suggests that the octopus arm biomechanics may allow independent control of kinematics and resistance to perturbation during arm extension movements.
Simulated results for single and multiple dynamic continuum arms show the controller is capable of producing motions similar to that of octopus.
Contraction tests on prototypes of the contracting units show a very good similarity with a theoretical model and support the starting hypothesis on the possibility of building a robotic octopus-like arm based on an artificial muscular hydrostat.
The arrangement and dynamic operation of muscles and connective tissue observed in the arms of a variety of octopus species motivate the underlying design approach for our soft manipulators.