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What are the specific roles of Schwann cells in the development and repair of peripheral nerves?

Somatosensory system

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Schwann cells play crucial roles in both the development and repair of peripheral nerves. During development, Schwann cells promote somatosensory neuron excitability by secreting prostaglandin E2, which induces the expression of voltage-gated sodium channels . In adult animals, Schwann cells exist as myelinating cells forming myelin sheaths for saltatory conduction and as Remak cells interacting with small diameter axons in Remak bundles . In nerve repair, Schwann cells are essential for transdifferentiation, promoting functional axonal regeneration and remyelination. However, factors like aging and chronic inflammatory processes can diminish their repair capacity. Modulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors S1P1 and S1P3 can enhance the Schwann cell repair phenotype, stimulating proper nerve repair . Schwann cell plasticity is crucial for various functions, from development to nerve injury responses, and is increasingly recognized for potential therapeutic strategies .

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Open access•Journal Article•DOI Development and In Vitro Differentiation of Schwann Cells Sarah Janice Hörner, N Couturier, Daniele Caroline Gueiber, Mathias Hafner, Ruediger Rudolf - Show less +4 more 24 Nov 2022-Cells 2 Citations	Schwann cells play crucial roles in peripheral nerve development and repair by differentiating from neural crest cells, migrating along nerves, and promoting myelination and regeneration in response to injury.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Modulation of Specific Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors Augments a Repair Mediating Schwann Cell Phenotype Jessica Schira-Heinen, Luzhou Wang, Seda Akgün, Sofia Blum, Brigida Ziegler, Andre Heinen, Hans-Peter Hartung, Patrick Küry - Show less +7 more 01 Sep 2022-International Journal of Molecular Sciences 1 Citations	Schwann cells play a crucial role in peripheral nerve repair by transdifferentiating into a repair mediating phenotype, promoting axonal regeneration, remyelination, and releasing trophic factors for nerve restoration.
Open access•Posted Content•DOI Schwann cells promote sensory neuron excitability during development Husniye Kantarci, Pablo D. Elvira, Arun P. Thottumkara, Manasi Iyer, Lauren J. Donovan, Micaela Q Dugan, Nicholas Ambiel, Emma M. O’Connell, Alejandro A. Granados, Hong Zeng, Nay L. Saw, Amanda Brosius Lutz, Steven A. Sloan, Erin E. Gray, Khanh V. Tran, Aditi Vichare, Ashley K. Yeh, Alexandra E. Münch, Max Huber, A. Agrawal, Maurizio Morri, Mehrdad Shamloo, T. Anthony Anderson, Vivianne L. Tawfik, J. Du Bois - Show less +24 more 28 Mar 2023-bioRxiv 1 Citations	Schwann cells promote sensory neuron excitability during development by secreting prostaglandin E2, inducing expression of voltage-gated sodium channels, and enabling normal sensory functions.
Book Chapter•DOI The Fundamentals of Schwann Cell Biology Ana Periša 01 Jan 2023	Schwann cells play crucial roles in neurodevelopment, nerve injury response, and metabolic support of axons. Their plasticity is key for nerve repair and potential therapeutic strategies for neuropathies.
Journal Article•DOI Research progress on the reduced neural repair ability of aging Schwann cells 20 Jul 2023-Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience	Schwann cells mediate nerve demyelination, secrete neurotrophic factors, establish Büngner bands, clear debris, and promote axon remyelination, crucial for peripheral nerve repair and development.

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Are there markers in blood that can determine the activation of Schwann cells?5 answersMarkers in blood that can indicate the activation of Schwann cells have been investigated. Studies have identified potential biomarkers for Schwann cell activation, such as neurofilament light (NfL) and Transmembrane protease serine 5 (TMPRSS5). Additionally, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been explored for its role in stimulating Schwann cells, with PRP-exos showing the ability to promote Schwann cell proliferation. Proteomic analysis has also revealed differentially expressed proteins in activated Schwann cells, including GPNMB and ENPP3, which may play a role in nerve injury repair. These findings suggest that specific proteins and exosomes in blood could serve as markers for Schwann cell activation, potentially aiding in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions involving Schwann cell dysfunction.

What are the function of schwann cells in nerve development?https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996122003448?via=ihub?5 answersSchwann cells play crucial roles in nerve development by promoting neuronal excitability, supporting axonal regeneration post-injury, and establishing neurophysiological functions. They interact bidirectionally with axons and the extracellular matrix, aiding in the proper establishment and function of the peripheral nervous system. Schwann cells exhibit plasticity, crucial for various functions from development to injury responses, and their reprogramming is essential for repair and regeneration processes. Through the secretion of prostaglandin E2, Schwann cells induce the expression of voltage-gated sodium channels in developing neurons, enabling action potential firing and normal sensory function development. Overall, Schwann cells are pivotal in shaping the structural and functional aspects of the peripheral nervous system, influencing neuronal excitability, survival, and regeneration.

Are there any data on Schwann cells and antigen presentation?5 answersSchwann cells have been shown to have antigen-presenting capabilities and can function as professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). They express MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules and can present antigens to T helper cells, promoting post-traumatic axonal loss and neuropathic pain. Schwann cells also have the ability to up- and down-regulate immunomodulatory molecules, including receptors, and actively respond to both foreign and autoantigens. Additionally, Schwann cells have been found to participate in crosstalk with immune cells in peripheral nerve pathologies, suggesting a broader role in immune responses and inflammatory processes. Overall, the data from these studies indicate that Schwann cells play a significant role in antigen presentation and immune modulation in the peripheral nervous system.

What are schwann cells?5 answersSchwann cells are glial cells that are found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). They have two distinct phenotypes: myelinating cells, which form the myelin sheath around axons to facilitate saltatory conduction, and Remak cells, which form non-myelinating interactions with multiple small diameter axons. Schwann cells play a critical role in various functions, including establishing and maintaining the neurophysiological functions of axons, providing metabolic support, and responding to nerve injury. They are also involved in the development of normal sensory functions, as they promote somatosensory neuron excitability during development. Schwann cells have been studied extensively in the context of disease modeling, tissue engineering, and differentiation from stem cell sources. Understanding the biology and plasticity of Schwann cells is important for developing therapeutic strategies for nerve injury and degenerative neuropathies.

Does sequential oxygen supply system promote peripheral nerve regeneration by enhancing Schwann cells survival and angiogenesis?5 answersYes, the sequential oxygen supply system promotes peripheral nerve regeneration by enhancing Schwann cell survival and angiogenesis. The system consists of oxygen carriers, such as perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA), and growth factors, such as VEGF, which are delivered through core-shell fibers or hydrogels. These oxygen carriers provide a sustained oxygen supply to Schwann cells, protecting them from hypoxia and promoting their survival. Additionally, the oxygen carriers stimulate angiogenesis, leading to the formation of new blood vessels that act as sequential oxygen suppliers for Schwann cells during nerve regeneration. The enhanced survival of Schwann cells and the increased oxygen supply contribute to improved axonal regeneration, remyelination, and functional recovery in peripheral nerve injuries. These findings highlight the potential of oxygen supply strategies as therapeutic approaches for repairing defects in peripheral nerves and other aerobic tissues.

What is the role of glial cells in supporting neuronal function?5 answersGlial cells play a crucial role in supporting neuronal function. While neurons are primarily responsible for transmitting signals in the central nervous system (CNS), glial cells provide support and maintain the normal function of neurons. Glial cells have been found to actively participate in various aspects of neuronal function and development, contrary to the previous belief that they only provide support. Glial cells regulate neural development, nutritional metabolism, sleep, longevity, apoptosis, courtship, smell, learning, memory, and other physiological behaviors. They also provide trophic support for neuronal cells and remove toxins and excess neurotransmitters from the interstitial space. In addition, glial cells contribute to the myelination of nerve fibers, which is essential for efficient signal propagation. Overall, glial cells play an active and vital role in supporting and maintaining the function of neurons in the CNS.

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