Showing papers on "Adaptation (computer science) published in 1986"

Feedback-Seeking in Individual Adaptation: A Resource Perspective

Abstract: This research examines a theory of feedback-seeking in organizations. Individuals are hypothesized to seek feedback on important issues and in new and uncertain situations. Results support these hy...

Global standardization—courting danger

Abstract: In his piece on the “globalization of markets,” Ted Levitt creates yet another challenge to our thinking. Whereas in his past writings he advocated knowing diverse customer needs and serving them differently, he is now calling for overall standardization, that is, less segmentation and adaptation worldwide.

A Unified Approach to Existing Models of Adaptation to Disability: Part I - A Model Adaptation

Abstract: A review of existing stage models of psychosocial adaptation to physical disability suggested that these models may be incorporated into a unified model consisting of five broad stages. The five delineated stages are as follows: I. Initial impact - shock and anxiety; II. Defense mobilization - bargaining and denial; III. Initial realization - mourning, depression and internalized anger; IV. Retaliation - externalized aggression; and V. Reintegration - acknowledgement, acceptance and final adjustment. Each of the suggested stages is further described as to its identifying defense mechanisms; affective, cognitive and behavioral correlates; and the direction assumed by the mastered energies. The paper concludes with a comparison of the present model to several existing psychodynamic theories.

A Unified Approach to Existing Models of Adaptation to Disability: Part II - Intervention Strategies

Abstract: Following a review of existing stage models of psychosocial adaptation to physical disability (Part I), the present section (Part II) delineates a variety of intervention strategies for each discussed stage. Utilization of these strategies by the rehabilitation practitioner, for assisting the person with a disability who progresses through these stages, is suggested.

Intelligent Computer Assisted Instruction Systems: The Nature of Learner Control:

Abstract: Learner control, which is contrary in spirit to the design philosophy underlying traditional CAI systems, is an important feature of most intelligent computer assisted instruction (ICAI) systems, as revealed through the learning dialogues they support. Such learner control is made possible by the natural language interface and the type of knowledge base incorporated in these systems. Such systems, it is argued, because they enable unplanned interactions with the learner and capitalize on student curiosity and motivation, can attain a much finer grain of individualization than traditional CAI systems can. The conceptual and affective requirements of instructional adaptation indicate the desirability of substantial learner control as well as the potential danger of overly strong tutorial guidance.

Organizational Beliefs and Strategic Adaptation.

Abstract: This paper explores the role of organizational belief systems in strategic adaptation patterns of firms. Comparative historical analysis of two firms in the television receiver industry--one a surv...

The Role of Social Competence in the Community Adjustment of Persons with Developmental Disabilities Processes and Outcomes

Abstract: This paper reviews literature and professional practices which affect the community adjustment and adaptation of developmentally disabled persons. The role of social competence in determining satisfactory adjustments to community-based vocational and residential settings by adult persons with developmental disabilities is explored. The paper is divided into five sections. Section one briefly reviews the community adjustment status of persons with developmental disabilities. Section two discusses the construct of social competence in terms of definitional issues and social validation approaches within community-based vocational and residential settings. Section three describes three types of adjustment (behavioral, social, personal) that are considered important to successful community adaptation. Section four reviews the consequences that accrue to developmentally disabled persons from adjustment failure in vocational and residential settings. Finally, section five advocates for adoption of a social ecolo...

An input-output model of interactive systems

Abstract: Interactive user interfaces depend critically on underlying computing system facilities for input and output. However, most computing systems still have input-output facilities designed for batch processing. These facilities are not adequate for interfaces that rely on graphical output, interactive input, or software constructed with modern methodologies. This paper details the deficiencies of batch-style input-output for modern interactive systems, presents a new model for input-output that overcomes these deficiencies, and suggests software organizations to take advantage of the new model.

Newspaper Adaptation to a Changing Social Environment: A Case Study of Organizational Drift as a Response to Resource Dependence

Abstract: Newspaper Adaptation to a Changing Social Environment: A Case Study of Organizational Drift as a Response to Resource Dependence

Textiles: A Handbook for Designers

Abstract: Textiles: A Handbook for Designers is a thorough study of the textile industry and the design processes and techniques used by professionals. With an overview of the textile industry and a thorough explanation of the designer's role, the text encourages adaptation of any design expertise into the processes, techniques, and formats characteristic of the textile industry. Textiles is a compilation of information obtained from many different designers. Because each designer may work for years within only one segment of the market, this comprehensive view of studio practices throughout the industry should be meaningful even to practicing professionals. An indispensable reference work for artists who aspire to work with textile design as well as for professionals in the textile industry and related fields of interior and apparel design, the revised edition of Textiles covers the most recent developments as well as traditional practices.

Win/win: urban and rural hospitals network for survival.

Abstract: In an increasingly competitive, regulated, and politicized environment, the future of small or rural hospitals must rely on an organizational affiliation with an urban multihospital system to optimized opportunities for survival. Development and implementation of a small or rural hospital's affiliation with an urban multihospital system may provide necessary support and strength to survive as an independent entity, avoid mergers and acquisitions from investor-owned systems, and incorporate technical assistance and access to the resources of large, urban "lead" hospitals. Diversification into long-term and alternative care services will provide the foundation for hospital-wide survival through adaptation of alternative delivery plans to both the public and private sectors. Networking, whether through a formal or informal structure, may provide both urban and rural, large and small hospitals, with the only opportunity for survival in the 1980s and beyond. Networking gives hospitals an opportunity to develop symbiotic relationships with previously competing institutions for physicians, services, and patients. Networking solidifies missions, goals, and objectives for healthcare delivery systems and produces a win/win situation for everyone. It may be a legal entity (a corporate structure) or an informal affiliation among like groups of providers. A discussion of networking is provided for consideration by hospitals currently evaluating options in the multihospital systems arena.

Adaptive interface design: a symmetric model and a knowledge-based implementation

Abstract: Adaptation in the user-system interface can be designed to benefit either the system or the user. This paper presents a general model to portray that symmetry and to describe the essential components of the user-oriented version of an adaptive interface system. A function-based interpretation of the process is also characterized. Finally, the types of knowledge bases upon which the adaptation is dependent are described with reference to a prototype system being implemented. Especially those users who have limited understanding of computer technology, such as the numerous workers in offices, are expected to be future beneficiaries of adaptive interface research.

Adaptation of information systems building blocks to design forces

Abstract: The paper establishes a generic definition of all information systems. The basis of this definition includes six building blocks. The focus of this paper is how these building blocks must adapt to ...

Leadership behavior of school superintendents as related to adoption and adaptation of innovative management techniques in selected Massachusetts school systems.

Abstract: Leadership Behavior of School Superintendents As Related to Adoption and Adaptation of Innovative Management Techniques in Selected Massachusetts School Systems February 1986 Turin Auguste, B.A., Queens College M.Ed., Boston State College Ed.D. , University of Massachusetts/Amherst Directed by: Dr. Kenneth R. Washington The major purpose of this exploratory study was to identify school superintendents' leadership behaviors that may account for adoption of innovative management techniques. In addition, the study sought to determine the desirability of using innovative management techniques in school administration, so as to enhance the leadership ability of superintendents in improving the delivery system. This was entirely a questionnaire study. Most of the data were collected from a research sample of 69 school superintendents in Massachusetts public school systems whose student population is at least 3,000 (K-12). Each school system reporting was located in a city with a population of at least 20,000 people. Further, the equalized valuation per capita of the city population was at least

Evidential reasoning in parallel hierarchical vision programs

Abstract: This paper presents an efficient adaptation and application of the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence, one that can be used effectively in a massively parallel hierarchical program for visual pattern perception. It describes the techniques used, and shows in an extended example how they serve to improve the program's performance as it applies a multiple-level set of processes.

Adjustment and adaptation

Abstract: As in many other scientific disciplines, in gerontology adaptation is a central term. Yet it is not being used in a standardized way. This article describes the concepts and theoretical approaches which can be identified in Social Gerontology, together with their functions and the results of research.

Adaptation to maximal effort.

Abstract: In their recent paper (Acta Genet Med Gemellol 33:565-569, 1984), DeMeersman and coworkers reported some interesting observations concerning the effects of exercisetraining on the response of maximal oxygen uptake in one set of MZ triplets [6]. The association of the Human Performance Laboratory at Virginia Commonwealth University with the well established twin scientists of the Department of Human Genetics at the Medical College of Virginia (Richmond) raises great hope for this field in need of vigorous and careful experimental research. This paper is quite correct from the experimental point of view. Their interpretation of the findings is not quite clear, however, and it prompts me to make the following observations: