Showing papers on "Addiction published in 1983"

Natural Recovery from Addiction: Some Social-Psychological Processes of Untreated Recovery:

Abstract: This is a report of an exploratory in-depth study of the social-psychological processes of untreated recovery. Data for the study comes from focused interviews with a sample of 201 ex-addicts (half...

The Family Therapy of Drug Abuse and Addiction

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The Alcoholic Psychologist: Issues, Problems, and Implications for the Profession

Abstract: This article discusses the problem of alcoholism in the profession of psychology. Alcoholism, a major health problem currently being addressed by other professions, has unique features,, manifestations, and ramifications for psychologists. Salient aspects of alcoholism in psychology include etiological and motivational factors, characteristic behaviors, and specific risk factors in the work environment of psychologists. Alcoholism, conceptualized as a deeply embedded permanent addiction not resolvable by conscious, planned effort, constitutes a special dilemma for psychologists who hold a strong belief in the powers of the mind and in the capacity to comprehend and alter behavior. Current efforts to effectively and humanely deal with alcoholism within the professions, modeled on the self-help principles of Alcoholics Anonymous in combination with professional treatment, are examined, including the present efforts in psychology to deal with distressed psychologists. An advocacy role for the American Psychological Association to assist in the development of a peer-collaborative network for psychologists in recovery is suggested. Further implications and recommendations are offered. The problem of chemical dependency, particularly alcohol abuse and alcoholism in the professions, is currently receiving major attention (Bissell, Fewell, & Jones, 1980; Bissell & Jones, 1976; Bissell, Lambrecht, & Von Wiegand, 1973; Larson, 1981; Nathan, 1982; Spickard & Billings, 1981; Talbott & Benson, 1980; Thoreson, 1981; Thoreson, Hosokawa, & Talcott, 1982; Bissell, Note 1; Cosentino, Note 2, Exo, Note 3; Thoreson, Note 4, Note 5). This attention stems from two intertwined professional-humanitarian responsibilities: the responsibility of the professions to set standards for professional practice and conduct and to care for those of their members suffering from a life-threatening problem. Alcoholism, in the latter sense, constitutes one of the major health problems of our society (Efron, Keller, & Gurioli, 1974). Alcoholism among professionals represents a special dilemma because the usual indicators of alcoholism—public drunkenness, violence, legal problems, drunken driving, and job loss—are not cardinal symptoms. Except in the late stages, alcoholism among professionals is not manifest in obvious violations of work norms and impinges but subtly on job performance (Rubington, 1972; Trice, 1970; Thoreson, Note 3, Note 4). This article will examine background factors, identify salient concerns and issues, describe behaviors of professionals with alcohol problems, and offer implications and recommendations for psychology as a profession to deal with the alcoholic or chemically dependent psychologist.

The need to redefine "addiction".

Abstract: Addiction is generally defined in terms of physical dependence and tolerance associated with current drug use, and these phenomena have received virtually all the attention of researchers and clini...

Countertransferential and Attitudinal Considerations in the Treatment of Drug Abuse and Addiction

Abstract: This article explores countertransferential and attitudinal considerations in relation to their impact on the evaluation, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of drug-dependent individuals. Following a literature survey of the manner in which countertransference has been applied to the treatment of drug dependency, the authors discuss the status of the drug-dependent individual as a psychiatric patient and the resultant treatment implications when such a patient is viewed from within, rather than exclusive of, the mental health treatment delivery system. A number of examples are provided of patient-induced countertransferential reactions, in addition to specific attitudinal factors often present in the treatment of addiction.

Pain, Analgesia and Addiction: The Pharmacologic Treatment of Pain

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Problems of Drug Addiction and Alcoholism among Physicians

Abstract: Problems of addiction and alcoholism among physicians now merit the most concerted special action by physicians individually and collectively. Physicians are at much higher risk than the general population, particularly for narcotic and sedative addiction. Despite a relatively high incidence, the numbers involved are sufficiently small to warrant a concerted focus and action. Prevention, earlier intervention, and more effective rehabilitation are demonstrably feasible and await more intensive implementation.

Neuropeptides and addictive behaviour

Abstract: A common denominator for the occurrence of abuse with various drugs is their reinforcing action, which can be analysed reliably in experimental animals by drug self-administration. This behaviour is influenced by external factors, drug-induced alterations of homeostatic mechanisms in the body and by internal factors. These internal factors are directly related to reinforcement or could modulate the drug-induced reinforcing activity. Experimental data show that the opioid peptide β-endorphin acts as a positive reinforcer in rats and that desglycinamide9 -arginine8 -vasopressin decreases acquisition of heroin self-administration in these animals. It is concluded that brain neuropeptide systems are operative in the reward mechanism and may be implicated in the acquisition of drug seeking behaviour; this may be of relevance to the underlying mechanisms of drug addiction.

Prevalence and implications of multi-drug abuse in a population of methadone-maintained women.

Abstract: Within our study population of 100 women for whom 3,980 urine toxicology reports were accomplished, 98 percent were multi-drug users. This proportion is far greater than would have been calculated from the percent of urines that were positive for the drugs of abuse and is a more realistic estimate of the extent of the problem than is often reported. Despite this high percentage of multi-drug use, due to the uniqueness of our patient population (pregnant women), it is not possible to deny them pharmacologic therapy for their addiction. Therefore, the use of urine toxicology reports in our clinical setting has broader implications than adherence to the methadone regulations. These reports serve as excellent devices to assess newborn abstinence symptomatology, in addition to helping us monitor the physical and psychological status of our patients. The implications are that self-medication may be used to achieve a particular effect concomitant with methadone therapy. The effects are generally to enhance the action of methadone and to decrease undesirable side effects.

Drug addiction during pregnancy.

Abstract: On the basis of current literature and their own experience, the authors discuss (1) the major complications possible in pregnant drug addicts, (2) whether the complications can be attributed to deficient prenatal care or to effects of drug abuse, and (3) the best prenatal care of drug-addicted mothers.

Amphetamine Psychosis in Tokyo-Its Clinical Features and Social Problems

Abstract: Japan is presently experiencing a second epidemic of amphetamine abuse, with methamphetamine abusers committing an increasing number of murders and injuries to ordinary citizens. As a result of the author's study of some 60 cases of amphetamine psychosis, the basic symptomatology of the disease was determined to be a paranoid hallucinatory state. Moreover, according to the contents of the paranoid hallucinatory state and the courses of the disease, amphetamine psychotics were divided into two types–the acute and the chronic. Though the former delusions were vivid, realistic and concrete, the latter were generalized, systematized and grandiose. Regarding the course of the disease, the former were episodic and the latter required longer treatments. Thus as the outline of the social background of these addicts had been made clear, it has been emphasized that the authorities must decide to solve this as a social problem.

Changes in the waking electroencephalogram in severe heroin addiction

Abstract: Of the synchroness slowing down of electrographic waves in animal experimently intoxicated with morphinic substances corresponds with the occurrance of addiction and tolerance to the products. In human's the progressive tolerance of the product can also be seen in course. This tolerance is accompagned by signs of dysfonction which question addiction to the product and its toxicity. Some of these signs are more specifically found in heroinism.

Television addiction: a survey.

Abstract: Television Addiction: A Survey February, 1983 Robin Nell Smith, B. A. , Lake Erie College M.A., New York University, Ph.D., University of Massachusetts Directed by: Professor Daniel R. Anderson Despite assumptions about television addiction in the literature on television viewing, there have been no systematic attempts to document it. The present study was the first. A review of theories on addiction processes concluded that the theoretical consensus on addiction permits the possibility of the existence of this phenomenon in TV viewing. Also, the theories point to the affective domain as an area in which to expect differences between TV addicts and normal viewers. Both the scientific and popular conceptions of TV addiction were also reviewed. A content analysis of the popular literature provided specific guidelines for the operational definition of TV addiction used in this study. A television viewing questionnaire which included a selfrating scale of items derived from descriptions of addicts in the popular literature, as well as many other measures, was administered by mail to a random sample of residents of Springfield, Massachusetts in the spring of 1982. The response rate was 65%.