Showing papers on "Ammonium hydroxide published in 2003"

Catalytic alkynylation of ketones and aldehydes using quaternary ammonium hydroxide base.

Abstract: Catalytic alkynylation of diverse ketones and aldehydes using nonmetallic benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide or a basic resin of the hydroxide type in DMSO is described. Aliphatic or alicyclic carbonyl partners gave satisfactory results, whereas aromatic ones afforded products with low yields. When aromatic aldehydes were reacted with phenylacetylene, enones such as chalcone derivatives were obtained in place of ynols. These organobase-catalyzed systems provide a practical nonmetallic protocol for C−C bond formation.

Multi-component removal in flue gas by aqua ammonia

Abstract: A new method for the removal of environmental compounds from gaseous streams, in particular, flue gas streams. The new method involves first oxidizing some or all of the acid anhydrides contained in the gas stream such as sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) to sulfur trioxide (SO 3 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ). The gas stream is subsequently treated with aqua ammonia or ammonium hydroxide which captures the compounds via chemical absorption through acid-base or neutralization reactions. The products of the reactions can be collected as slurries, dewatered, and dried for use as fertilizers, or once the slurries have been dewatered, used directly as fertilizers. The ammonium hydroxide can be regenerated and recycled for use via thermal decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate, one of the products formed. There are alternative embodiments which entail stoichiometric scrubbing of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides with subsequent separate scrubbing of carbon dioxide.

Cobalt-substituted chromium oxide compositions, their preparation, and their use as catalysts and catalyst precursors

Abstract: A crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where from about 0.05 atom % to about 6 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by trivalent cobalt (Co+3) atoms is disclosed. Also disclosed is a chromium-containing catalyst composition comprising as a chromium-containing component the crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide; and a method for preparing a composition comprising the crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide. The method involves (a) co-precipitating a solid by adding ammonium hydroxide to an aqueous solution of a soluble cobalt salt and a soluble trivalent chromium salt that contains at least three moles of nitrate per mole of chromium in the solution and has a cobalt concentration of from about 0.05 mole % to about 6 mole % of the total concentration of cobalt and chromium in the solution; and after at least three moles of ammonium per mole of chromium in the solution has been added to the solution, (b) collecting the co-precipitated solid formed in (a); (c) drying the collected solid; and (d) calcining the dried solid.Also disclosed is a chromium-containing catalyst composition comprising a chromium-containing component prepared by treating the crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide with a fluorinating agent; and a process for changing the fluorine distribution (i.e., content and/or arrangement) in a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst. The process involves using as the catalyst a composition comprising the crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide and/or the treated cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide.

Chemical Resistance and Tensile Properties of Epoxy/Unsaturated Polyester Blend Coated Bamboo Fibers

Abstract: The untreated and 2%aqueous NaOH treated bamboo fibers (Dendrocalamus strictus) were coated with epoxy, unsaturated polyester (UP) and their blends. The chemical resistance of these fibers to acetic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride and water was studied. The blend coated fibers showed better resistance to the chemicals mentioned above. The blend coated fibers had higher tensile strength. This was attributed to the hydrogen bonding between the unsaturated polyester and epoxides group.

Aromatization catalyst and methods of making and using same

Abstract: A method of making a catalyst composition, comprising impregnating a large pore zeolite support with a platinum precursor and at least one organic ammonium halide precursor. In an embodiment, the ammonium halide precursor is represented by the formula N(R)4X, where X is a halide and R is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain molecule having 1–20 carbon atoms wherein each R may be the same or different. In an embodiment, the ammonium halide precursor comprises at least one acid halide and at least one ammonium hydroxide represented by the formula N(R′)4OH, where R′ is hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted carbon chain molecule having 1–20 carbon atoms wherein each R′ may be the same or different. A process for aromatizing a hydrocarbon using said catalyst composition.

Polishing composition and use thereof

Abstract: An acidic aqueous slurry composition comprising silica abrasive particles, an oxidizer, a quaternary ammonium hydroxide; and acid having a maximum pKa of about 2.5; and water is provided along with its use for polishing.

Nickel-substituted and mixed nickel-and cobalt-substituted chromium oxide compositions, their preparation, and their use as catalysts and catalysts precursors

Abstract: A crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where from about 0.05 atom % to about 2 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are substituted by nickel atoms, and optionally, additional chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are substituted by trivalent cobalt atoms (provided that the total amount of the nickel atoms and the trivalent cobalt atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice is no more than 6 atom %) is disclosed. Also disclosed is a chromium-containing catalyst composition comprising as a chromium-containing component the crystalline substituted alpha-chromium oxide; and a method for preparing a composition comprising the crystalline substituted alpha-chromium oxide. The method comprises (a) co-precipitating a solid by adding ammonium hydroxide to an aqueous solution of a soluble divalent nickel salt, a soluble trivalent chromium salt, and optionally, a soluble divalent or trivalent cobalt salt, that contains at least three moles of nitrate per mole of chromium in the solution, has a nickel concentration of from about 0.05 mole % to about 2 mole % of the total of nickel, chromium, and cobalt in the solution, and has a combined concentration of nickel and cobalt of no more than 6 mole % of the total of nickel, chromium, and cobalt in the solution; and after at least three moles of ammonium per mole of chromium has been added to the solution; (b) collecting the co-precipitated solid formed in (a); (c) drying the collected solid; and (d) calcining the dried solid. Also disclosed is a chromium-containing catalyst composition comprising a chromium-containing component prepared by treating said crystalline substituted alpha-chromium oxide with a fluorinating agent; and a process for changing the fluorine distribution (i.e., content and/or arrangement) in a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst. The process involves using as the catalyst a composition comprising the crystalline substituted alpha-chromium oxide and/or the treated substituted alpha-chromium oxide.

METHOD FOR THE REGENERATION OF PHOSPHOR-LADEN DeNOx CATALYSTS

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the regeneration of deNOx catalysts with a reduced activity caused by the accumulation of phosphor and phosphorous compounds. The method is characterised in that the catalysts are treated with an essentially aqueous solution of water-soluble alkaline reacting alkaline earth salts, ammonium hydroxide, or alkaline reacting ammonium salts, or water-soluble organic amines with an approximate pK value ranging between 2.5 and 5.5 and that the excess alkali is neutralised by subsequent treatment with inorganic or organic acids.

Stripping liquor for photoresist and photoresist stripping method therewith

Abstract: A photoresist stripping solution which comprises (a) a salt of hydrofluoric acid with a base free from metal ions, (b) a water-soluble organic solvent, (c) a mercapto group containing corrosion inhibitor, and (d) water, and a method of stripping photoresists with the use of the same are disclosed. In case of using ammonium fluoride as component (a), the photoresist stripping solution may further contain (e) a salt of hydrofluoric acid with a quaternary ammonium hydroxide, such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, etc., and/or an alkanolamine. The photoresist stripping solution of the present invention has an excellent effect of protecting both Al- and Cu-based metal wiring conductors from corrosion, of efficiently stripping photoresist films and post-ashing residues, and is free from the precipitation of the corrosion inhibitor.

A systematic study of the use of DL-tartaric acid in the synthesis of silica materials obtained by the sol-gel method

Abstract: DL-tartaric acid was used as a template for the formation of silica nanotubes and spheres by the sol-gel method from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as silica source. The reactions were carried out in ethanol/water mixtures in the presence of aqueous ammonia, between 0°C and 75°C, using both stirred and non-stirred conditions. TEM and SEM images show that the yield and microstructure of the silica is influenced by the synthetic conditions (temperature, ammonia (aq) concentration, gelation time, solvent mixture). It was observed that the chiral form of the tartaric acid used and the diffusion of TEOS to the template determines the eventual silica structure.

Titanium-zirconium catalyst compositions and use thereof

Abstract: A catalyst composition prepared from (a) titanium tetrahydrocarbyloxide, (b) zirconium tetrahydrocarbyloxide, and (c) tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide, wherein the molar ratio of Zr:Ti is from about 0.02:1 to about 5:1 and the molar ratio of TAAH:(Ti+Zr) is from about 0.05:1 to about 2:1.

Method for removing calcium from crude oil

Abstract: A calcium-containing hydrocarbonaceous material is treated with an aqueous mixture, comprising acetate ion and an alkaline material and having a pH in the range of 3.0 to 5.0, in order to extract at least a portion of the calcium from the hydrocarbonaceous material into the aqueous phase. Acetic acid is a suitable source of acetate ion. Ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are example alkaline materials.

Cotton root taking sprout strengthening agent

Abstract: A plant growth regulator of cotton for promoting root growth and making plant strong is prepared from naphthaleneacetic acid, indolebutanoic acid, carbendazim, ammonium hydroxide (ammonia water), sodium hydroxide and water.

Washing liquid and washing method using the same

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a washing liquid with excellent removal of impurities without corrosion of copper wiring used for semiconductor devices and the like or precipitation of the washing liquid components, particularly after chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) treatment using a slurry containing a highly adhesive anticorrosive agent such as benzotriazole without corrosion of copper wiring and capable of further removing benzotriazole together with impurity components under an alkaline condition SOLUTION: The washing liquid is composed of 0001-60 wt% of urea and/or ethyleneurea, 00001-10 wt% of an alkaline component such as quaternary ammonium hydroxide and ammonia, 00001-10 wt% of an organic acid such as citric acid, malic acid and tartaric acid or a salt thereof, 10 wt% or less of hydrogen peroxide, if necessary, further a surfactant and water for the rest COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Process for purifying glyphosate solutions by nanofiltration

Abstract: A process to purify Glyphosate solutions (N-phosphonomethylglycine) originated from Glyphosate synthesis by oxidation of N-phosphonomethylimidodiacetic acid and containing formaldehyde and formic acid as main impurities, comprising the steps of: providing an initial solution of Glyphosate with a Glyphosate concentration ranging between 0.1 and 3% w/v, a formaldehyde concentration ranging between 0.5 and 1% w/v, and a formic acid concentration ranging between 0.1 and 0.6% w/v; adjusting the pH of the said initial Glyphosate solution to a value ranging between 2.5 and 3.5 with a base selected from alkylamine, ammonium hydroxide, sodium, or potassium hydroxide; submitting said solution to nanofiltration, at a temperature ranging between 10 and 35° C. and a pressure ranging between 25 and 35 Kg/cm2; carrying out said nanofiltration through at least one nanofiltration membrane; recovering the concentrated Glyphosate solution; and discarding the permeate solution.

Heat absorbing temperature control devices that include hydroxide

Abstract: The increase of temperature of heat sensitive devices during heat generating conditions is prevented through the absorption of heat, by providing a hydroxide, such as Lithium Hydroxide, Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium Hydroxide, Magnesium Hydroxide, Calcium Hydroxide, Beryllium Hydroxide, Aluminum Hydroxide, Ammonium Hydroxide and mixtures thereof, in an amount sufficient to effect the required heat absorption. Where the heat generating conditions are generated by a heat generator, separate and distinct from the heat sensitive device, the hydroxide may be supported in a position between the heat sensitive device and the heat generator. Where the heat sensitive device is itself the heat generator, the hydroxide is in contact with the heat sensitive device, either directly or indirectly.

Semiconductor washing solution and method of producing semiconductor device using the same

Abstract: The invention provides a semiconductor washing solution which can suppress occurrence of variation of the shape of a semiconductor device when the semiconductor device is washed and can maintain a stabilized washing capacity for a long period of time. An organic acid ammonium salt is added to a mixed solution of ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and water (NH 4 OH:H 2 O 2 :H 2 O) to prepare the semiconductor washing solution. The organic acid ammonium salt to be added is one or more selected from ammonium acetate, ammonium citrate, ammonium formate and ammonium oxalate. The concentration of the added organic acid ammonium salt ranges from 0.1 mol/l to 20 mol/l.

The decomposition of diazo-compounds induced by nucleophiles. The decomposition of 9-diazofluorene in the presence of hydroxide or alkoxide ions.

Abstract: 9-Diazofluorene, on treatment with stoichiometric or substoichiometric amounts of quaternary ammonium hydroxide or methoxide or of potassium t-butoxide in solution in aqueous or alcoholic dimethyl sulfoxide or acetonitrile at 30 °C, decomposes with evolution of nitrogen to yield fluorenone azine [bis(fluorenylidene)hydrazine] in almost quantitative yield. Studies are reported of the identity of the minor by-products, together with an examination of the kinetics of the reactions and additional spectroscopic experiments. The general rate equation is v = k[FlN2]3/2[Nu−]1/2, where Nu− represents the nucleophile. It is concluded that the oxyanions, most probably after nucleophilic attack on 9-diazofluorene under these basic conditions to generate a new anionic species, are capable of transferring an electron to the diazo-compound. This initiates decomposition of further diazo-molecules in a process of electron-transfer chain catalysis that bears some similarities to, but has also some differences from, that encountered using cathodic initiation. In support of this interpretation it is found that reactions can be accelerated by the introduction of carbon acids (fluorene, 9-phenylfluorene) into the reaction mixtures. The nature of the initiation, propagation and termination steps of the chain mechanism are discussed

Coating liquid for forming amorphous silica-based coating film with low dielectric constant and method for preparing the same

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating liquid for forming an amorphous silica-based coating film with a low dielectric constant of 2.5 or below and the Young's modulus of 6.0 GPa or more and having excellent hydrophobic property, and to a method of preparing the same. The coating liquid may contain a silicon compound obtained by hydrolyzing tetraalkyl ortho silicate (TAOS) and specific alkoxysilane (AS) in the presence of tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide (TAAOH), or may contain a silicon compound obtained by hydrolyzing or partially hydrolyzing tetraalkyl ortho silicate (TAOS) in the presence of tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide (TAAOH), mixing the reaction product with specific alkoxysilane or a hydrolysate or a partial hydrolysate thereof, and hydrolyzing all or a portion of the mixture according to the necessity. In addition, the coating liquid is prepared by mixing components described above at a specific ratio and under specific process conditions.

Method for preparing tetraalkylammonium hydroxide

Abstract: Under the action of polar solvent said invention uses trialkylamine and dialkyl carbonate as raw material, makes them produce reaction and utilizes the control of reaction temp., reaction pressure and reaction time to obtain tetra-alkyl ammonium salt, then makes it react with alkali, through the processes of distillation and filtration, so as to obtain the invented product tetra-alkyl ammonium hydroxide.

Method for modifying pH within meat products

Abstract: A method for injecting or forcing an ammonia-based pH modifying material into the interior of a meat product to raise the pH at one or more points within the interior of the meat product preferably to a pH above approximately 6.0. The ammonia-based pH modifying material may comprise aqueous ammonia (ammonium hydroxide solution) or a gas including some ammonia gas fraction. The temperature of the meat product may be controlled to a temperature near or just below the initial freezing temperature of the meat product during the time that the pH modifying material is injected. pH decreasing materials may be injected into the interior of the meat product either before or after injection the ammonia-based pH modifying material.

Reduction of the viscosity of reactive heavy byproducts during the production of 1,3-propanediol

Abstract: The present invention is an improvement upon the process for the production of 1,3-propanediol wherein an aqueous solution of 3-hydroxy propanal is formed, catalyst, if any, used in said formation is removed from the solution, sodium hydroxide is added to the solution to neutralize any acid therein such that the pH is at least about 5, the neutralized aqueous solution is subjected to hydrogenation to produce a crude 1,3-propanediol mixture which is distilled to produce 1,3-propanediol, water, and reactive heavy components. The improvement on this process comprises replacing the sodium hydroxide with a hydroxide selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxides other than sodium hydroxide, and alkaline earth metal hydroxides to reduce the viscosity of the reactive heavy components.