Showing papers on "Aphasia published in 1972"
Book•
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: This small volume is designed as an introduction to the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Test and deals briefly with the authors' concept of aphasia as a neuropsychological, psycholinguistic phenomena.
Abstract: Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1972, Vol 17(11), 614. Reviews the book, The Assessment of Aphasia and Related Disorders by Harold Goodglass (1972). This small volume is designed as an introduction to the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Test. It deals briefly with the authors' concept of aphasia as a neuropsychological, psycholinguistic phenomena. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
3,386 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that expressive agrammatism is only one aspect of an impairment involving all language modalities, and while normal subjects are often constrained by surface syntactic properties, agrammatic patients operate on a hierarchical scheme that excludes anything nonessential to the intrinsic meaning of a sentence.
221 citations
TL;DR: Evidence and arguments are presented to support a thesis that central language deficits related to those found in children with developmental aphasia, but more severe, may be the necessary and sufficient cause of behavior which marks children as autistic and schizophrenic.
Abstract: Evidence and arguments are presented to support a thesis that central language deficits related to those found in children with developmental aphasia, but more severe, may be the necessary and sufficient cause of behavior which marks children as autistic and schizophrenic. Deficits which may cut across sensory modalities and differ between individuals, but remain stable within, can be identified in both groups. The two groups also share difficulties such as sequencing problems and deficiencies related to meaning of words that are more subtle than echolalia and pronominal reversal. Language deficits, however, are not said to be the only ones, as other handicaps may account for some variability in clinical cases. Also presented are two case reports illustrating results of an experimental nine-word language used in training and testing of psychotic children.
110 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that there is no localized cortical lesion which can produce a bilateral disorder of writing without aphasia in spoken speech, or that such lesions must be extremely rare.
95 citations
88 citations
TL;DR: Studies of the effect of therapy on the course of recovery from aphasia yield inconsistent results and permit no generalization to the population of aphasic patients.
Abstract: Studies of the effect of therapy on the course of recovery from aphasia yield inconsistent results and permit no generalization to the population of aphasic patients. Future investigations of the e...
88 citations
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that this classification of spontaneous aphasic speech reflects naturally occurring differences in language behavior.
84 citations
TL;DR: Stress as a phonemic feature in English serves only to distinguish syntactic class membership for nouns vs verbs (convict-convict) or noun vs noun phrases (redcoat vs red coat).
Abstract: Stress as a phonemic feature in English serves only to distinguish syntactic class membership for nouns vs verbs (convict-convict) or noun vs noun phrases (redcoat vs red coat). The capacity fo...
69 citations
TL;DR: A new at tempt a t a behavioral model of the repetition deficit is presented, which bears on the question of whether the causative deficit is causative and how to isolate a component of behavior.
Abstract: 9 When a focal cerebral lesion selectively imp a i r s a p a r t i c u l a r cognitive process, the opportunity arises to analyze the deficient performance and thus isolate a component of behavior. In conduction aphasia, the patient finds it disproportionately difficult to repeat spoken words.’ Patients typically also have naming difficulty, defective writing, and difficulty in oral rather than silent reading. Auditory comprehens ion is relatively spared, and spontaneous speech output is quite fluent and free from hesitation.* >3 Behaviorally, the repetition deficit has been characterized as due to loss of short-term verbal memory store, long-term memory remaining intact4 in relation t o a presumptive cortical gray matter lesion. But on neuroanatomic grounds, it has been attributed to a white matter lesion of the arcuate fascicle, disconnecting Wernicke’s area in temporal lobe from Broca’s area in frontal lobe and thus making it impossible for the outcome of auditory word analysis t o be communicated t o the facility for expressive ~ p e e c h . ~ 7’ Alternatively, a left temporal lobe lesion makes it necessary for the patient to utilize his right temporal lobe for auditory-verbal analysis, but then he has no way of passing information o n t o Broca’s area o n the left.6 We present a new at tempt a t a behavioral model of the repetition deficit, which bears on the question of whether the causative deficit is
TL;DR: The paper presents some personal clinical observations on aphasia and aphasIA therapy and discusses the relative merits of direct language-centered therapy and a more indirect context-centered approach.
Abstract: The paper presents some personal clinical observations on aphasia and aphasia therapy. It discusses the relative merits of direct language-centered therapy and a more indirect context-centered ther...
TL;DR: The test-retest scores for these non-fluent aphasics revealed that Writing Copying showed the most improvement, followed by tests of comprehension, and Tests of expressive performance showed the least improvement.
TL;DR: Clinical examination of severely impaired aphasics suggests that despite their poor comprehension, they can still carry out some tasks such as whole body commands and seem to discriminate meaningful sentences from nonsense, and support the hypothesis that even in severe aphasia the processes of decoding messages are not unitary but complex, and that in some way aphasic have an ability to make discriminations.
TL;DR: It is proposed that the left cerebral hemisphere is dominant for language in right-handed individuals, at least in part, because of its predominant capacity to manipulate the sequential aspects of verbal acoustic inputs.
TL;DR: Three typical adult stutterers showed normal unilateral left cerebral dominance for speech on the intracarotid sodium amylobarbitone (amytal) test, but one 'dysphatic' stutterer had bilateral cortical speech representation.
Abstract: Over the past decade research has suggested that stutterers have bilateral cerebral motor or auditory speech areas Three typical adult stutterers showed normal unilateral left cerebral dominance for speech on the intracarotid sodium amylobarbitone (amytal) test, but one 'dysphatic' stutterer had bilateral cortical speech representation The latter is a very rare finding in right handed individuals and presumably is a consequence of the head injury induced aphasia that preceded the onset of stuttering
TL;DR: The Schuell-Sasanuma Differential Diagnostic Test of Aphasia, Form 2, was administered to 269 consecutively admitted cases of aphasia at a large rehabilitation center.
Abstract: The Schuell-Sasanuma Differential Diagnostic Test of Aphasia, Form 2, was administered to 269 consecutively admitted cases of aphasia at a large rehabilitation center. An intercorrelation matrix calculated from the scores of 68 test items served as data for a principal axis analysis. Ten principal axes occupied 95.5% of the common factor variance. An orthogonal rotation in the factor space resulted in the identification of the following factors:Factor 1. Language behavior.Factor 2. Visuo-spatial and/or visuo-motor processes.Factor 3. Programming of articulatory movements.Factor 4. Auditory discrimination and recognition.Factor 5. Movements of speech musculature.Comparisons of the findings with those of a similar study by Schuell et al. revealed some overall similarities as well as some specific differences in terms of the factorial structure.Clinical as well as theoretical implications of the findings are discussed with regard to the neurophysiological correlates underlying the factors, and some linguistic characteristics of Japanese as they are reflected in aphasic performances, in particular in connection with the use of the two types of transcriptions, kanji and kana.Suggestions are forwarded for using a factor analysis approach as an aid to construct a clinically more useful model of language impairment in aphasia, i. e., by means of (1) devising more discriminative tests, and administering them to various aphasic groups, (2) submitting the results of these tests to the factor analysis, and (3) repeating the procedures (1) and (2).
TL;DR: The production of abnormal or transformed phonemic series belongs with the clinical pictures of both Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia and is proposed to differentiate phonemic (Pm) and phonetic (Pt) transformations.
Abstract: (1972). Phonetic and Phonemic Transformations in Aphasia. International Journal of Mental Health: Vol. 1, Current Trends in Western European Neuropsychology, pp. 46-54.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the presence of VFD indicates a particular localization of brain lesion which is critical for the visuocognitive performances tested, and cannot be explained by VFD as a defect in visual function.
Abstract: Forty-one patients with unilateral retro-rolandic brain lesion were examined by means of three experimental tests requiring the recognition of complex realistic figures. In addition, all patients were given two tests for the recogniion of common objects and simple realistic line drawings. A set of control variables included tests for elementary visual functions, non-verbal intelligence and aphasia. Furtheron, the influence of side and hemispheric locus as well as severity of brain lesion was examined.
TL;DR: The ability to improve the communication function of poststroke aphasic patients through the administration of oxygen under high pressure was studied and there appeared to be a complete absence of language impairment.
Abstract: The ability to improve the communication function of poststroke aphasic patients through the administration of oxygen under high pressure was studied. There appeared to be a complete absence of eff...
TL;DR: A negative ‘direct current’ shift of the resting potential of the brain (expectancy wave, contingent negative variation [CNV]) is observed if two stimuli are presented to a subject at a given interval and gives objective evidence of verbal comprehension disorders.
Abstract: A negative ‘direct current’ (‘DC’) shift of the resting potential of the brain (expectancy wave, contingent negative variation [CNV]) is observed if two stimuli, first a ‘warning’ and then an ‘imperative’ stimulus, are presented to a subject at a given interval. By using two different word groups as ‘warning’ and ‘non-warning’ stimuli (e.g., group I: animals; group II: plants) and following only one group with a flash, the appearence of the CNV following only one group gives positive objective proof that the subject ‘understands’ the tested words. In aphasia this method gives objective evidence of verbal comprehension disorders. The author describe two cases. In one post-operative verbal comprehension recovered and so did the language-evoked response. In the other a perseveration phenomenon was demonstrated by language-evoked response audiometry (LERA).
TL;DR: In a series of recent studies as mentioned in this paper, various factors that comprise "sensory aphasia" have been attempted to isolate the various factors which comprise it, and a preliminary report of results with a test designed to demonstrate deficits in the discrimination of spoken language in sensory Aphasia is presented.
Abstract: In a series of recent studies we have been attempting to isolate the various factors that comprise "sensory aphasia" (Albert, 1972; Albert, Goldblum, Hecaen, & Benson, 1971; Dubois, Hecaen, Cunin, Daumas, Lervill-Anger, & Marcie, 1970; Hecaen, 1969; Hecaen, Dubois, & Marcie, 1967; Hecaen, Dubois, & Marcie, 1968). This paper is a preliminary report of results with a test designed to demonstrate deficits in the discrimination of spoken language in sensory aphasia. (In this paper the term "sensory aphasia" refers to the clinical syndrome of fluent, paraphasic speech with impairment of written and oral language comprehension, naming, and repetition.) Hecaen and co-workers (1968, 1969) have described three major varieties of sensory aphasia, recognizing that these three forms may be associated in any individual case, but with variable intensity. In the first type of sensory aphasia the predominant clinical picture approaches that of pure word deafness; the major defect is in the reception of verbal signs. Verbal paraphasias and neologisms are present in spontaneous speech, although the basic idea to be expressed may be maintained. Repetition is impossible. Somewhat preserved, however, is the comprehension of written language. Spontaneous writing ability is present; copying is intact; but writing to dictation is impossible. The second variety is defined by the presence of a predominant deficit in verbal comprehension for both written and oral language. Spontaneous speech is incoherent, with incomplete sentences and with loss of the basic idea to be expressed. Verbal paraphasias are frequent. Repetition of nonsense syllables, words, and sentences is relatively preserved. Writing to dictation is only mildly to moderately impaired, whereas spontaneous writing is marked by numerous paragraphic errors.
01 Jun 1972
TL;DR: The authors found that children with linguistic deficits reflect a base representational rather than a base intellectual deficiency, and that diagtostic tests should reflect this pattern, which leads to the question of i cognitive deficit.
Abstract: Research is being conducted to determine the factors behind linguistic retardation in chileen. A.first question raised was Whether the linguistic system of the deviant. child is 40tatively.flifferent from that of a normal child. A matehing=0,01 . *Want and normal children according to linguistic level suggests that the onset of base syntax may be delayed in the deviant child -0? three and a half years, and that the time needed; to pass from'one_. 10101 to another May be two and a half Iears . longer in the deviaM1 child.. A further study showed that the deviant and the normal group had similar organization of phrase st0tUre grammars, but that the deviant group did not use major linguistic categories in. is many different contexts as the normal group. To determine what this information could relate about the nature of the deviant child's deficit, utterances are being collected and analyzed on'Oe basis of se, semantic categories. Preliminary analysis suggests the deficit lies in the ability to develop additional terms and relationships in which to i764 them. This information leads to the question of i cognitive deficit. Experimentation tends to support the idea that linguistic level and symbolization correspond more closely in deviant children than linguistic level and general nonverbal development. A final . hypothesis is that children with linguistic deficits reflect a base representational rather than a base intellectual deficiency, and that diagtostic tests should reflect this pattern. (AM) EARLY GRAMMATICAL AND S6ANTiC RELATIONS: SOME IMPLICATIONS FOR A GENERAL REPRESENTATIONA DEFICIT IN LINGUISTICALLY DEVIANT CHILDREN