Showing papers on "Arthrobacter published in 1999"
TL;DR: In laboratory pure cultures, saturated HC were more degraded than aromatic HC, whereas resins were resistant to microbial attack, and individual bacterial strains were more active than fungi in HC biodegradation.
141 citations
TL;DR: A bacterium capable of degrading 2-methylpyridine was isolated by enrichment techniques from subsurface sediments collected from an aquifer located at an industrial site that had been contaminated with pyrsidine and pyridine derivatives, suggesting that it possesses a number of enzymatic pathways for the degradation of aromatic compounds.
Abstract: A bacterium capable of degrading 2-methylpyridine was isolated by enrichment techniques from subsurface sediments collected from an aquifer located at an industrial site that had been contaminated with pyridine and pyridine derivatives. The isolate, identified as an Arthrobacter sp., was capable of utilizing 2-methylpyridine, 2-ethylpyridine, and 2-hydroxypyridine as primary C, N, and energy sources. The isolate was also able to utilize 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxybenzoate, gentisic acid, protocatechuic acid and catechol, suggesting that it possesses a number of enzymatic pathways for the degradation of aromatic compounds. Degradation of 2-methylpyridine, 2-ethylpyridine, and 2-hydroxypyridine was accompanied by growth of the isolate and release of ammonium into the medium. Degradation of 2-methylpyridine was accompanied by overproduction of riboflavin. A soluble blue pigment was produced by the isolate during the degradation of 2-hydroxypyridine, and may be related to the diazadiphenoquinones reportedly produced by other Arthrobacter spp. when grown on 2-hydroxypyridine. When provided with 2-methylpyridine, 2-ethylpyridine, and 2-hydroxypyridine simultaneously, 2-hydroxypyridine was rapidly and preferentially degraded; however there was no apparent biodegradation of either 2-methylpyridine or 2-ethylpyridine until after a seven day lag. The data suggest that there are differences between the pathway for 2-hydroxypyridine degradation and the pathway(s) for 2-methylpyridine and 2-ethylpyridine.
75 citations
TL;DR: A bacterium capable of utilizing carbaryl (1-naphthylN-methylcarbamate) as the sole carbon source was isolated from carbaryl-treated soil and designated strain RC100, which harbored three plasmids that could be transferred to Cah− mutants or Nat− mutants by conjugation, resulting in the restoration of the Cah and Nah phenotypes.
Abstract: A bacterium capable of utilizing carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) as the sole carbon source was isolated from carbaryl-treated soil. This bacterium was characterized taxonomically as Arthrobacter and was designated strain RC100. RC100 hydrolyzes the N-methylcarbamate linkage to 1-naphthol, which was further metabolized via salicylate and gentisate. Strain RC100 harbored three plasmids (designated pRC1, pRC2, and pRC3). Mutants unable to degrade carbaryl arose at a high frequency after treating the culture with mitomycin C. All carbaryl-hydrolysis-deficient mutants (Cah−) lacked pRC1, and all 1-naphthol-utilization-deficient mutants (Nat−) lacked pRC2. The plasmid-free strain RC107 grew on gentisate as a carbon source. These two plasmids could be transferred to Cah− mutants or Nat− mutants by conjugation, resulting in the restoration of the Cah and Nah phenotypes.
60 citations
TL;DR: Six new isolates obtained from a small geographical region were examined and it was shown that all of the isolates are gram-positive, aerobic, contain lysine in their cell walls, and belong to the high mol% G+C Arthrobacter subgroup.
Abstract: During our work on psychrophilic microorganisms we obtained a large collection of new isolates. In order to identify six of these, we examined their growth properties, cell wall compositions, and their 16S rRNA gene sequences. The results showed that all of the isolates are gram-positive, aerobic, contain lysine in their cell walls, and belong to the high mol% G+C Arthrobacter subgroup. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA genes grouped five isolates obtained from a small geographical region into a monophyletic clade. Isolate B7 had a 16S rRNA sequence that was 94.3% similar to that of Arthrobacter polychromogenes and 94.4% similar to that of Arthrobacter oxydans. Primary characteristics that distinguish isolate B7 from the Arthrobacter type strain (Arthrobacter globiformis) and A. polychromogenes include lack of growth at 37°C, growth at 0–5°C, the ability to use lactose as a sole carbon source, and the absence of blue pigments. Because of these differences, isolate B7 was chosen as a type strain representing a new Arthrobacter species, Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus. The sixth isolate, LV7, differed from the other five because it did not have the rod/ coccus morphological cycle and was most closely related to Arthrobacter agilis.
60 citations
TL;DR: Analysis using a modified GC-MS method established that ammonia, trimethylamine and several volatile sulphides were evolved from tubers infected by E. carotovora, to provide an early warning system for the control of soft rot in potato stores.
Abstract: Bacteria were isolated from internal tissues of surface sterilized healthy tubers of Solanum tuberosum cv. Maris Piper (8 different isolates) and from tubers inoculated with Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora showing soft-rot symptoms (3 different isolates), and identified by fatty acid profiling. Bacillus polymyxa and an Arthrobacter sp. were isolated from both sources, E. carotovora only from the soft-rotted tubers. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated by tubers inoculated with E. carotovora, B. polymyxa and the Arthrobacter sp. were identified. Inoculated tubers of cv. Maris Piper were incubated under controlled humidity (95% relative humidity) and temperature (10°C) to simulate typical storage conditions. B. polymyxa and Arthrobacter sp. did not cause symptoms, whilst E. carotovora caused limited soft-rot infections after 4 weeks at the low temperatures typically associated with potatoes in storage. The VOCs released to the headspace around these tubers were collected using an adsorbent system and analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty-two volatiles unique to E. carotovora infection of potato tubers were found,) including 10 alkanes, four alkenes, two aldehydes, one sulphide, one ketone, one alcohol, one aromatic, one acid and one heterocyclic compound. B. polymyxa generated three unique volatiles: N,N-dimethylformamide, 1-pentadecene and 1-hexadecane. Only one volatile, 2,3-dihydrofuran, was unique to the Arthrobacter infection. Production of volatile nitrogen species from E. carotovora-infected tubers increased with time, whereas none were detected in the headspace above uninfected tubers. Further analysis using a modified GC-MS method established that ammonia, trimethylamine and several volatile sulphides were evolved from tubers infected by E. carotovora. No specific volatile was useful as a marker associated with any of the three bacterial species but in the case of E. carotovora-infected potato tubers a significant increase in the volume of compounds evolved was clearly observed. The results are discussed in relation to the use of sensors to detect VOCs evolved from infected tubers in order to provide an early warning system for the control of soft rot in potato stores
50 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of Pb-resistant bacteria isolated from soils containing up to 38 mmol total Pb x kg(-1) indicated that PYT80B medium which did not contain inorganic salts, contained low amounts of organic matter, and was buffered with a molecule that did not interact with metal ions provided the lowest estimates of lead resistance.
47 citations
TL;DR: Two strains of a hitherto undescribed Gram-positive coryneform bacterium isolated from Greenland halibut were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods and it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Arthrobacter rhombi sp.
Abstract: Two strains of a hitherto undescribed Gram-positive coryneform bacterium isolated from Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the unknown strains constitute a new line within the genus Arthrobacter. The nearest relatives of the bacterium from fish were members of the Arthrobacter nicotianael Arthrobacter sulfureus group. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from these species by phenotypic methods. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Arthrobacter rhombi sp. nov. The type strain of Arthrobacter rhombi is CCUG 38813T.
38 citations
TL;DR: It was found that at controlled pH of 7.5 in NRWS, the growth of Arthrobacter was consistent and was accompanied by a reduction in biological oxygen demand (BOD) which was the main index for measuring pollution strength of the wastes.
Abstract: An investigation of bacteria found in rubber processing wastes was carried out. Rubber wastes which include effluents from washing tanks and natural rubber waste serum (NRWS) were obtained from Greenpark Rubber Industries Limited, Umutu, Delta State, Nigeria. Five bacterial species were isolated from the wastes. These include Arthrobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Psuedomonas sp. and Streptococcus sp. Apart from these a number of coliforms were also encountered. Arthrobacter sp. was found to be the dominant species and its potential to utilize rubber hydrocarbon was determined. It was found that the growth of Arthrobacter in both effluent and NRWS was related to pH with the highest growths recorded at pH of 8.5 and 7.5 for effluent and NRWS respectively. It was also found that at controlled pH of 7.5 in NRWS, the growth of Arthrobacter was consistent and was accompanied by a reduction in biological oxygen demand (BOD) which was the the main index for measuring pollution strength of the wastes. It is therefore being recommended that rubber wastes be treated with Arthrobacter under controlled pH to reduce their pollution potentials before disposal. It is however suggested that a combined biological treatment using both Arthrobacter and Mucor as was earlier suggested be used. It is also recommended that chemical flocculants should be used to remove suspended solids in the effluent. A combination of these two cheap methods will go a long way in alleviating the problems of pollution caused by rubber effluents from some tropical rubber processing factories.
31 citations
TL;DR: The extracellular proline iminopeptidase from A. nicotianae 9458 was able to hydrolyze proline-containing peptides at the pH, temperature and NaCl concentration typical of the surface of smear-ripened cheese and may contribute to proteolysis of these cheeses during ripening.
Abstract: An extracellular proline iminopeptidase, with a molecular mass of about 53 kDa, was purified from Arthrobacter nicotianae 9458 and characterized. The enzyme had temperature and pH optima of 37°C and 8.0, respectively, was completely inactivated by heating for 1 min at 80°C and showed highest activity on Pro-pNA. The proline iminopeptidase was characterized by activity at low temperature, NaCl concentrations up to 7,5% and by high sensitivity to pH values 6.0, serine enzyme inhibitor PMSF and divalent cations, Fe2+, Sn2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, Co2+ and Ni2+. The extracellular proline iminopeptidase from A. nicotianae 9458 was able to hydrolyze proline-containing peptides at the pH, temperature and NaCl concentration typical of the surface of smear-ripened cheeses and may contribute to proteolysis of these cheeses during ripening.
31 citations
TL;DR: Two extracellular serine proteinases were purified from Arthrobacter nicotianae 9458 and characterized and specificity on casein fractions was generally similar and beta-casein was more susceptible to hydrolysis than alpha s1- casein.
Abstract: Two extracellular serine proteinases with molecular masses of about 53–55 and 70–72 kDa, were purified from Arthrobacter nicotianae 9458 and characterized. The enzymes differed with respect to temperature optimum, 55–60 and 37°C, respectively, tolerance to low values of pH and temperature, heat stability, sensitivity to EDTA and sulfhydryl blocking agents, and hydrophobicity. Both proteinases were optimally active in the pH range of 9.0 and 9.5, had considerable activity at pH 6.0 on αs1- and β-caseins, and tolerated NaCl over 5%. Specificity on casein fractions was generally similar and β-casein was more susceptible to hydrolysis than αs1-casein. The proteinases of Arthrobacter spp. may play a significant role in ripening of the smear surface-ripened cheeses.
28 citations
TL;DR: The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme shows distinct homologies to other metal-dependent cyclic amidases involved in the nucleotide metabolism especially to dihydropyrimidinases as well as to ureases, l - and unselective hydantoinases.
Abstract: A d -specific hydantoinase has been purified to homogeneity from Arthrobacter crystallopoietes DSM 20117 with a yield of 5% related to the crude extract The active enzyme is a tetramer of 257 kDa consisting of four identical subunits, each with a molecular mass of 60 kDa Incubation of the enzyme with the metal-chelating agent EDTA had no inhibitory effect, while 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid resulted in a complete and irreversible inactivation The purified enzyme contains zinc as cofactor, which could be detected by subjection to direct analysis using inductive/coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry The hydantoinase has a wide substrate specificity for the d -selective cleavage of 5-monosubstituted hydantoin derivatives with aliphatic and aromatic side chains The Vmax-value for phenylhydantoin is 217 U/mg, the Km-value is 8 mM Dihydrouracil was found to be a natural substrate (Vmax=35 U/mg) The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme shows distinct homologies to other metal-dependent cyclic amidases involved in the nucleotide metabolism especially to dihydropyrimidinases as well as to ureases, l - and unselective hydantoinases Due to these findings, this enzyme has to be considered as a possible link in the evolution to related l -selective and unselective hydantoinases from the genus of Arthrobacter
Eni1
TL;DR: The cloning and the characterization of the DNA encoding the enzymes responsible for desulphurization in this microorganism, referred to as Arthrobacter sp.
Abstract: A new bacterial strain able to cleave C-S bonds from organosulphur heterocyclic compounds through the 4-S pathway and tentatively classified as Arthrobacter sp. was recently isolated. In the present short article we describe the cloning and the characterization of the DNA encoding the enzymes responsible for desulphurization in this microorganism, referred to as Arthrobacter sp. DS7. The desulphurization operon was found to be located in a large plasmid that also bears the genes conferring cadmium and arsenic resistance. By shortening this plasmid, a new cloning vector was prepared and used to obtain a recombinant derivative strain that desulphurizes dibenzothiophene despite of the presence of inorganic sulphur in the growth medium.
TL;DR: From the comparison with amino acids sequences of fructan hydrolases and invertase, five highly conserved regions including the β-fructosidase motif were found and had the identity in the range of 13.3% to 16.0%.
Abstract: A 3.0-kb DNA fragment containing an endo-inulinase gene was cloned from Arthrobacter sp. S37. It contained a single open reading frame of 2439 bp, encoding a polypeptide composed of signal peptide of 53 amino acids and mature protein of 759 amino acids. From the comparison with amino acids sequences of fructan hydrolases and invertase, five highly conserved regions including the β-fructosidase motif were found. The sequence of the endo-inulinase had the identity in the range of 13.3% to 16.0%.
TL;DR: P-hydroxybenzoate accessibility was controlled by varying pore continuity with a range of moisture regimes, whereas sorption was controlled via addition of an exchange resin, and Subtle differences in effects of these processes on degradation kinetics may facilitate their separate treatment in environmental fate models.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, a study of copper sorption abilities of the bacterium Arthrobacter sp. has been reported, where active groups for biosorption were observed on the cell wall by performing sorption experiments, using lysozyme treated biomass.
Abstract: A study of copper sorption abilities of the bacterium Arthrobacter sp. has been reported in this work. Arthrobacter sp. was firstly potentiometrically titrated in order to have a rough characterisation of the functional groups of the cell wall. Carboxylic and aminic groups were evidenced hy the titration curve. Active groups for biosorption were observed on the cell wall by performing sorption experiments, using lysozyme treated biomass. Arthrobacter sp. was tested as a copper biosorbing material in a free condition (i.e. suspended in solution) after a lyophilisation treatment. Equilibrium isotherms were similar to the ones obtained with a fresh biomass. The Langmuir model was used for the fitting of experimental points. Arthrobacter sp. was also tested as a biosorbing material in an immobilised condition, trapped in a polymeric matrix of poly-hydroxoethylmethacrylate. The Shrinking Core Model was used for the fitting of the kinetic experimental data. The effective diffusivity of copper inside the polymeric matrix was estimated at 4.07.10 -6 cm 2 s -1 . The use of an ion selective electrode for the study of copper biosorption by Arthrobacter sp. revealed some limitations.
TL;DR: The preservation of biofloc efficiency seems to be the main function of these bacteria, which had a singular character in the wastewater treatment system and were devoid of cellulolytic, amylolytic and proteolytic activities.
TL;DR: A chitinase was purified from the culture filtrate of nigeran-degrading Arthrobacter sp.
Abstract: A chitinase was purified from the culture filtrate of nigeran-degrading Arthrobacter sp. NHB-10 by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and column chromatographies on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Superose 12. The final preparation was homogenous in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 30,000 and its isoelectric point was 6.8. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were 5.0 and 45°C, respectively. The enzyme was stable from pH 3 to 7 and up to 55°C. The enzyme activity was inhibited by Hg2+ and p-chloromercuribenzoic acid. Two internal amino acid sequences of the enzyme were AGPQLLTGYY and IGGVMT.
Patent•
05 Mar 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, a process for efficiently producing R-3-quinuclidinol useful as an important intermediate for pharmacologically or pharmacologically active component (pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, etc.).
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a process for efficiently producing R-3-quinuclidinol useful as an important intermediate for physiologically or pharmacologically active component (pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, etc.). SOLUTION: 3-Quinuclidinone is opto-selectively reduced in an aqueous medium in the presence of a bacterial cell and/or treated cell of microorganism capable of producing R-3-quinuclidinol from 3-quinuclidinone and belonging to the genus Alcaligenes, Corynebacterium, Arthrobacter, Filobasidium, Rhodotorula, Aureobasidium or Yarrowia) to accumulate the produced R-3- quinuclidinol in the aqueous medium and the accumulated R-3-quinuclidinol is separated from the medium.
Patent•
01 Apr 1999TL;DR: A process for an enzymatic production of vitamin B6 which comprises incubating 1-deoxy-D-threo-pentulose and 4-hydroxy-L-threonine with an enzyme reaction system prepared from cells of microorganism belonging to genus Rhizobium, Sinorhizobiam, Flavobacterium, Chryseobacteria, Lactobacillus, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Stenotrophomonas, Enterobacter, Serratia
Abstract: A process for an enzymatic production of vitamin B6 which comprises incubating 1-deoxy-D-threo-pentulose and 4-hydroxy-L-threonine with an enzyme reaction system prepared from cells of microorganism belonging to genus Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Flavobacterium, Chryseobacterium, Lactobacillus, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Enterobacter, Serratia, Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, Exiguobacterium, Saccharomyces, Yamadazma, Pichia and Candida, in the presence of NADP+, NAD+, ATP. Manganese and magnesium ions stimulate the above reaction. This process affords high yields of vitamin B6, a vitamin essential for the nutrition of animals, plants and microorganisms, and useful as a medicine or food additive.
TL;DR: The structure of a new enzyme opine dehydrogenase (ODH) from Arthrobacter sp.
Abstract: We screened microorganisms for various new enzymes, which were used in the synthesis of organic chemicals. A new hydro-lyase from Arthrobacter sp. catalyzed the synthesis of 87 grams/liter of D-malate from maleic acid in 72% yield. A. denitrificans produced 27 g of (S) - (+) -citramalate of 99.9 % ee in 69% yield. Phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH) is used in the colorimetric micro-determination of L-Phe to detect phenylketonuria (PKU) in the blood of neonates in Japan. The structure of a new enzyme opine dehydrogenase (ODH) from Arthrobacter sp., has been solved to 1.8 A resolution. Optically pure secondary amine carboxylic acids were synthesized by ODH. Picolinic acid derivatives were synthesized by Pseudomonas catechol 2, 3-oxygenase. Nearly 20 grams/liter of theobromine was produced from caffeine in a yield of 92% by P. putida cells. A new enzyme alkaline D-peptidase from B. cereus was used for oligomerization of D-Phe methylester.
Patent•
14 Apr 1999TL;DR: A process for the enzymatic production of vitamin B 6 which includes incubating 1-deoxy-D-threo-pentulose and 4-hydroxy-L-threonine with an enzyme system that is cell free or essentially cell free and prepared from the cells of a microorganism belonging to the genus Rhizobium was described in this paper.
Abstract: A process for the enzymatic production of vitamin B 6 which includes incubating 1-deoxy-D-threo-pentulose and 4-hydroxy-L-threonine with an enzyme system that is cell free or essentially cell free and prepared from the cells of a microorganism belonging to the genus Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Flavobacterium, Chryseobacterium, Lactobacillus, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Enterobacter, Serratia, Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, Exiguobacterium, Saccharomyces, Yamadazyma, Pichia or Candida, in the presence of NADP + , NAD + , ATP. Manganese and magnesium ions stimulate the above reaction. This process affords high yields of vitamin B 6 , a vitamin essential for the nutrition of animals, plants and microorganisms, and which is also useful as a medicine or food additive. In addition, an enzyme reaction system for producing vitamin B 6 and a process for making the enzyme reaction system are also provided.