Showing papers on "Banyan switch published in 2003"

Single-pole-double-throw switch based on toggle switch

Abstract: A single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switch based on the toggle switch, a new type of radio frequency (RF) microelectromechanical (MEMS) switch structure for low voltage actuation, high broadband application and enhanced power capability, is presented. Electromagnetic simulation results are discussed and the fabrication process and measurement results are given. The SPDT switch exhibits low insertion loss ( 28 dB at 30 GHz).

Crosstalk-free permutation in photonic rearrangeable networks built on a combination of horizontal expansion and vertical stacking of Banyan networks

Abstract: Crosstalk in optical switch is an intrinsic drawback of optical networks, and avoiding crosstalk is important for making optical network work properly. Horizontal expansion and vertical stacking are two basic techniques for creating nonblocking multistage interconnection networks (MINs). Rearrangeable (nonblocking) optical MINs are feasible since they have lower complexity than their strictly nonblocking counterparts. In this paper, we study the crosstalk-free permutations in rearrangeable optical MINs built on a combination of horizontal expansion and vertical stacking of banyan networks, and provide a scheme for realizing crosstalk-free permutations in this kind of optical MINs. The basic idea of this scheme is to first decompose a permutation into multiple partial permutations by using Euler Split technique, then route and realize each of these partial permutations crosstalk-free in one plane (stacked copy) of a MIN based on both the Euler Split technique and self-routing property of a banyan network. The tradeoff between the overall time complexity and hardware cost of this class of MINs is also explored in this paper.

Experimental implementation of an optoelectronic neural network scheduler

Abstract: We describe the design and successful operation of an optoelectronic Hopfield network demonstrator system. The Hopfield network, one of the simpler space-invariant interneuronal connection networks, was chosen due to its observed efficiency in solving optimization tasks. The demonstrator system, based around a free-space diffractive optical interconnect, was designed to perform a range of optimization tasks, in particular those associated with the scheduling of packets through different switching topologies. Experimental optimization of the neural network throughput, for both a crossbar and Banyan switch topology, allows the neural network parameters (e.g., neuron bias, neuron weighting) to be tuned to ensure optimal operation of the network for a particular switch topology. In addition, the demonstrator allows an investigation of the critical parameters governing the interoperation of the different modules. In this paper, we describe the effect of two of these parameters, namely, the operating temperature of the optoelectronic devices and the accuracy of the interconnection fabrication technology. The weighted interconnections in this optoelectronic system are provided by a diffractive optical element/lens combination whilst the neurons are implemented electronically. The transition between the electronic and optical domains is handled by an 8/spl times/8 VCSEL array for the electronic-optic interface, and an 8/spl times/8 Si photodetector array for the optic-electronic interface. The VCSEL array consists of oxide-confined near-infrared GaAs devices capable of 250-MHz modulation at a wavelength of 960 nm. The diffractive optical interconnect is designed using simulated annealing optimization and fabricated using very large scale integration photolithography. Using these techniques, it is possible to create interconnects with a total efficiency of /spl sim/70% and a nonuniformity of <1%.

High-throughput, self-routing, optical switch for photonic slot routing

Abstract: A high-throughput, self-routing, optical switch with low latency performance and no-contention property is proposed for the optical packet switching scheme known as photonic slot routing. The proposed switch, based on a modified Data Vortex structure, eliminates the need to pre-arrange the photonic slot transmission in a non-blocking manner, thus increasing the network bandwidth. Electro-absorption modulator technology is experimentally shown to be a promising solution for implementing compact and fastspeed operation Data Vortex switches.

Integrated multistage MEMS-based optical switch

Abstract: In this paper, we proposed a large NxN MEMS-based optical switch (OXC) architecture design by using small-port switch modules. Two types of integrated multistage switch: Banyan switch and Clos switch with nonblocking in strict sense property are designed. Our proposed architecture can increase the port number of MEMS-based 2D OXC significantly and improve its performance notably.

VCSEL operational requirements for optoelectronic neural networks

Abstract: In this paper we shall describe the design and successful operation of an optoelectronic Hopfield network demonstrator system. This demonstrator system, based around a free-space diffractive optical interconnect, was designed to perform a range of optimisation tasks, in particular those associated with the scheduling of packets through different switching topologies. Experimental optimisation of the neural network throughput, for both a crossbar and Banyan switch topology, allows the neural network parameters (e.g. neuron bias, neuron weighting) to be tuned to ensure optimal operation of the network for a particular switch topology. The weighted interconnections in this optoelectronic system are provided by a diffractive optical element/lens combination whilst the neurons are implemented electronically. The transition between the electronic and optical domains is handled by an 8×8 VCSEL array for the electronic-optic interface, and an 8×8 Si photodetector array for the optic-electronic interface. The VCSEL array, supplied by Avalon Photonics, is an oxide-confined near-infrared GaAs device capable of 250MHz modulation at a wavelength of 960nm. The diffractive optical interconnect is designed using simulated annealing optimization and fabricated using VLSI photolithography. Using these techniques it is possible to create interconnects with a total efficiency of ~70% and a uniformity of < 1%.

Complex optical switch arrays

Abstract: The present invention provides switch arrays for use in optical communication systems. The switch arrays are illustrated in relatively simple and relatively complex versions for each of two types. Each switch array is assembled by connecting of plural optical switches to each other and to transmission links and packet switches accordingly. The result enables handling a greater quantity of signal volume.

Performance analysis of Banyan switch architecture

Abstract: The advancement in the field of computer technology, communication and the increasing user demand in terms of bandwidth and speed, the future communication network is rolling towards the BISDN with optical technology. The high speed ATM network is one of the major tool used for BISDN. In turn, the efficiency of the ATM network relies on the switching fabric. Hence, the switching fabric of future telecommunication systems should have a very low cell loss and delay performance. In this paper, the simulation results of Sort Banyan architecture of size 8 × 8 are presented. The simulation of Sort Banyan network is performed along with four different methods in view of enhancing the throughput of the Sort Banyan switch network. The cell loss and delay performance versus the cell arrival rate for the four schemes viz, Input buffer, Interstage buffer, Shared output buffer and Regeneration of cells using FEC method are presented for both Poisson and Self-similar traffic models.

Design of the speedup buffer for the single-flux-quantum network switch

Abstract: We have designed a speedup buffer (SB) that is indispensable for realizing a high-throughput network switch based on single-flux-quantum (SFQ) technology. The SB performs the rate conversion from 10 to 40 Gbps for the packet data streams fed into the Banyan switch. This approach can reduce the packet-blocking rate, resulting in an increased throughput for the network switch. The SB is composed of a 1:3 stream demultiplexer (SDMUX), three variable-bit-length shift registers (VLSRs) and a 3:1 stream multiplexer, coupled with a controller. We have successfully demonstrated the 1:3 SDMUX and the VLSR. As for the VLSR, we confirmed high-speed operation up to 55 GHz. We have also designed the SB using these components. The SB is a large-scale circuit composed of 11 663 Josephson junctions on a 3.8 × 3.8 mm2 area. So far, partial operations have been demonstrated experimentally.

An Input-Buffered Dual-Banyan Switch with Multiple Switching Fabrics Based on Multistage Interconnection Networks

Abstract: Many types of switching fabrics have been proposed for use in ATM networks. Multistage Interconnection Networks (MINs) constitute a large class of ATM switching systems that are widely used in today´s internetworking. One of the most veil-known types of multistage networks is the banyan network. The banyan network is attractive for its simple routing scheme and low hardware complexity, but its throughput is very limited due to internal blocking and output contention. In this paper, we propose an input-buffered dual-banyan switch model with multiple switching fabric between switch input and output to avoid internal and Head-of Line blocking. By performance analysis and simulation, we show that our model has a lower ceil delay and 96% throughput which is much better than other banyan-type switch architecture.

Process for optical and electro-optical switching

Abstract: A process for converting multiple optical or electro-optical on/off switches or electro-optical modulators into an electro-optical switch or a 2×2 or 4×4 . . . or 2″−2″ cross switch.