Showing papers on "Blood chemistry published in 1992"

Biomarkers: Biochemical, Physiological, and Histological Markers of Anthropogenic Stress

Abstract: DNA alterations current methodologies potential value physiological and nonspecific biomarkers direct enzyme inhibition energetics endocrine blood chemistry growth rate gross indices other biomarkers histopathological biomarkers histopathologic biomarkers research needs metabolic products as biomarkers metabolites of foreign chemicals endogenous metabolites proteins cytochrome P450 metallothioneins stress proteins conjugation enzymes.

Interpretation of Laboratory Results for Small Animal Clinicians

Abstract: How to use this book haematology: red blood cells white blood cells thrombocytes plasma biochemistry: nutrients and metabolites enzymes electrolytes and metals hormones urinalysis: physical examination chemical examination urinary sediment culture and bacteriological screening methods.

Blood profiles for a wild population of green turtles (chelonia mydas) in the southern bahamas: size-specific and sex-specific relationships

Abstract: Blood biochemical profiles and packed cell volumes were determined for 100 juvenile green turtles, Chelonia mydas, from a wild population in the southern Bahamas. There was a significant correlation of body size to 13 of the 26 blood parameters measured. Only plasma uric acid and cholesterol were significantly different between male and female turtles. The relationship between total plasma proteins and plasma refractive index was significant. The equation for converting refractive index (Y) to total plasma proteins (X) is Y = 1.34 + 0.00217(X).

Reagentless Near-Infrared Determination of Glucose in Whole Blood Using Multivariate Calibration

Abstract: Noninvasive monitoring of glucose in diabetic patients is feasible with the use of near-infrared spectroscopic measurements. As a step toward the final goal of the development of a noninvasive monitor, the near-infrared spectra (4250 to 6600 cm−1) of glucose-doped whole blood samples were obtained along with reference glucose values. Glucose concentrations and spectra of blood samples obtained from four subjects were subjected to multivariate calibration with the use of partial least-squares (PLS) methods. The cross-validated PLS standard errors of prediction for glucose concentration based on data obtained from each individual subject's blood samples averaged 33 mg/dL over the range from 3 to 743 mg/dL. Cross-validated standard errors for glucose concentration from PLS calibrations based on data from all four subjects were 39 mg/dL. However, when PLS models based upon three subjects' data were used for prediction on the fourth, glucose prediction abilities were poor. It is suggested that blood chemistry differences were sufficiently different for the four subjects to require that a larger number of subjects be included in the calibration for adequate prediction abilities to be obtained from near-infrared spectra of blood from subjects not included in the calibration.

Haematology and blood chemistry of healthy and clinically abnormal great black-backed gulls (Larus Marinus) and herring gulls (Larus Argentatus).

Abstract: Summary Normal haematological values and cholesterol values (total, HDL‐cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol) were determined in free‐living Herring and Great Black‐backed Gulls, taking into account species, age and sex. These figures were then used as a basis of comparison with findings on birds with apparent clinical abnormalities (the birds were either oiled, emaciated, extensively infested with endoparasites, had external injuries or organic abnormalities). Species‐specific differences were found only in cholesterol content; sex‐specific differences were not found. There were statistical differences between older birds and nestlings in RBC, PCV, Hb, MCV, MCHC and MCH. An age‐related increase between 3‐ and 6‐month‐old birds and adults concerning total cholesterol and HDL‐cholesterol was evident. The haematological values of healthy gulls showed statistical significant differences in RBC, Hb, MCV, MCHC, MCH, total cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol compared to the values obtained from sick gulls.

Hematological values for four species of birds of prey

Abstract: Hematological and blood chemistry values can be obtained easily and are useful in determining the health or general condition of birds (Cooper et al. 1986). To rehabilitate individual raptors or to breed and release endangered birds-of-prey, a knowledge of their normal concentrations of blood constituents is of paramount importance (Lepoutre et al. 1983). While a few hematological values in raptors have been published (Elliot et al. 1974, Cooper 1975, Balasch et al. 1976, Smith and Bush 1978, Hunter and Powers 1980, Gee et al. 1981, Leonard 1982, Lepoutre et al. 1983, Ferrer et al. 1987), data for many parameters such as white blood cells (WBC) counts, proteins and most of the other blood chemistries are scarce or nonexistent for many birds-of-prey. Such parameters are clinically important for diagnosing and monitoring avian medical problems (Leonard 1982, Cooper et al. 1986). Our objective was to provide baseline data on the blood characteristics of four species of captive and protected European raptors. They include Aquila adalberti (Spanish Imperial Eagle), Aquila chrysaetos (Golden Eagle), Neophron pernopterus (Egyptian Vulture), and Gypsfulvus (Griffon Vulture). The Spanish Imperial Eagle inhabits the Iberian Peninsula exclusively and is in acute danger of extinction. Fewer than 40 pairs exist. The Golden Eagle and the Griffon Vulture are rare, and the Egyptian Vulture is a vulnerable species that could become endangered if real protection is not afforded by the Government Agency for the Conservation ofNature (I.C.O.N.A. 1986). Due to the precarious status of these species, raptor recuperation centers and zoological institutions are trying to save them from extinction. A hematological and clinical chemical "screening" is recommended in veterinary diagnosis for all captive-breeding projects and, when possible, for the populations of vulnerable species (Cooper et al. 1986).

Dietary restriction in nonhuman primates: progress report on the NIA study.

Abstract: Rhesus and squirrel monkeys have been fed a semisynthetic diet at approximately ad libitum or 30% reduced levels for 3.5 (rhesus group 2) to 4.5 (rhesus group 1 and squirrel) years. Animals have maintained excellent health status as determined by physical examinations, hematology, and blood chemistry. While relative rates of body weight gain in restricted group 1 rhesus and squirrel monkeys have been markedly reduced, DR effects on crown-rump length (body height) have been variable. In addition, numerous physiological and biochemical parameters have been measured, and several exhibit significant cross-sectional age effects. Interestingly, several of these also exhibit possible species and genotype (group 1 and 2 rhesus) differences. A number of physiological parameters are emerging that might be altered by DR; however, further explanation of these effects awaits more extensive and detailed analyses.

Performance Measures, Blood Lactate and Plasma Ammonia as Indicators of Overwork in Elite Junior Weightlifters

Abstract: The effects of short-term overwork on performance measures, blood lactate, and plasma ammonia concentrations were examined in 28 elite junior weightlifters who participated in a 2 wk high volume resistance training camp. Performance testing (maximum effort vertical jump test and snatch lift) and blood chemistry analyses (ammonia and lactate) were conducted before (T1) and after (T2) 7 d of high volume training (2-3 workouts/d). Blood samples were collected from an antecubital vein at rest, preexercise, 5 min postexercise, and 15 min postexercise at T1 and T2. Results indicated a significant decrease from T1 to T2 in the maximum effort vertical jump test while the snatch lift test yielded no difference across time. Blood lactate and ammonia concentrations were significantly lower at 5 min postexercise at T2 while resting ammonia concentrations were significantly elevated at T2 compared to corresponding measures at T1. These data suggest possible early symptoms of overwork at T2 (decrease in performance of the maximum effort vertical jump test and the elevated resting ammonia concentrations); however, lower 5 min postexercise concentrations of lactate and ammonia at T2 indicated a positive adaptation to the 1 wk high volume resistance training period.

Haematology and blood chemistry values for several flamingo species.

Abstract: Summary Reference values for some haematological and plasma chemical values in four species of clinically normal adult flamingos were established for use in avian medicine. The following variables were studied in rosy, greater, Chilean and lesser flamingos: haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte and leucocyte counts, haematimetric indices, erythrocyte dimensions, glucose, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, creatinine, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, total phosphorus, chloride, total plasma protein, albumin, globulins, albumin‐globulin ratio, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and osmolality.

Seasonal changes in some blood chemistry parameters and in relative liver and gonad weights of pike (Esox lucius L.) from the River Danube

Abstract: Samples from a natural population of pike (Esox lucius L.) from the River Danube were used in a 12-month study to determine seasonal variations in biochemical parameters of pike blood sera, hepatosomatic index (HSI) and gonadosomatic index (GSI). The ranges of enzyme activities for sample means were: aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) 252.0–583.8 U 1−1, alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) 4.9–11 -2 U1 and alkaline phosphatase (AP) 39.5–91.8 U1−1. The ranges of other parameters analysed in serum were total protein 27.7–40.1 g 1 1, urea 0.57–l.52 mmol 1 1 and creatinine 21.2–118.6 μmol 1 1. The range of sample means for HSI and GSI were 1.28–4.16 and 0.07–20.2 respectively. Temperature ranged from 4.5 to 23.5°C. The activity of serum AP was positively correlated to water temperature in males only, while urea and creatinine showed a positive correlation to water temperature in individuals of both sexes. GSI was correlated significantly with HSI in females. Total protein reached the lowest values during the spawning period, while creatinine levels depended on both the sex and season.

Levels of organochlorine insecticides in human blood from Ahmedabad (rural), India.

Abstract: Assessments of human exposure to persistent organochlorine insecticides (OCI) through biological monitoring offers a profound criteria to evaluate the magnitude of potential health risk, if any, due to use of these chemicals. Residues of these chemicals especially DDT and HCH have been identified and reviewed in man and his environment from different parts of the world however, by comparison very high levels of DDT and its metabolites have been reported in human body fat, blood and milk samples in India. Since there is a definite relationship between the amount of DDT and its residues in blood and those present in human fat depot, blood can be easily be used for assessing the total body burden of persistent OCI in various populations. In view of fragmentary reports on the levels of DDT and HCH in human blood samples from India which categorically pertain to the general population of urban areas like Delhi and Lucknow. The authors attempted to provide a database on residues of DDT and HCH including other cyclodiene compounds, e.g. heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, oxygchlordane, HCB and dieldrin in blood samples collected from general population of Ahmedabad (rural) area.

Annual cycle of blood chemistry parameters in striped mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) and pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides L.) from the Gulf of Mexico

Abstract: Annual cycle measurements were made on serum sodium, potassium, chloride, iron, magnesium, calcium, carbon dioxide, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, inorganic phosphorus, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and creatine kinase in the striped mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) and the pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides L.). For each parameter, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation (C.V.) are reported. The lowest C.V.s were associated with the electrolytes and the greatest C.V.s with serum enzymes. The lowest variability for most parameters was observed in the vitellogenic and prespawning period.

Body fat compartment and its relationship to food intake and clinical chemical parameters during extreme endurance performance

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the changes of the fat compartment and its relations to the corresponding blood chemistry and nutritional parameters of 55 participants of an ultra long distance run of 1000 km which consisted of 20 daily runs of 50 km. During the whole event the weight showed a falling tendency, significantly paralleling the cholesterol levels. In the middle of the run the values did not change any longer. The fat mass and all skinfolds and circumferences showed a continuously falling tendency. Only the thigh-skinfold initially grew and came down from the 4th day on. The serum blood concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides of both sexes were decreased until the 6th and 8th day. Then a distinct increase was observed, but the initial values were not restored. The average daily energy intake of the men (women) was 4260 (3033) kcal/d, the average nutrient intake being 602.7 (431.5) g carbohydrates/d, 146.5 (103.3) g fat/d, 53.1 (38.4) g saturated fatty acids/d, 43.1 (31.3) g monounsaturated fatty acids/d, 25.3 (17.2) g polyunsaturated fatty acids/d and 382.8 (279.1) mg cholesterol/d. The correlations between the cumulative fat and food-supplies on one hand and the decrease of the anthropometric measurements of fatness on the other are negative, hence body fat mass followed closely total energy and fat intake.

Exercise performance of collegiate rodeo athletes

Abstract: In this study we examined the physical, hematologic, and exercise response of 20 male and 10 female ath letes of the National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association, Central Rocky Mountain Region. Male subjects were grouped by roughstock, steer wrestling, and roping events. Female athletes were grouped separately. Max imal aerobic capacity, pulmonary ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, energy expenditure, maximal heart rate, blood pressure, treadmill time, pre- and postex ercise lactate, percent body fat, lean body mass, blood chemistry, serum lipids, and reaction/movement time were analyzed by event. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in any of these categories between male events. Mean resting blood chemistry parameters of rodeo athletes were within normal ranges. Steer wrestling athletes possessed greater body size and lean body mass than other groups. When analyzing body composition, blood pressure, and total choles terol:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratios, results indicat...

Communications: Blood Chemistry of Laboratory-Reared Golden Trout

Abstract: Golden trout Oncorhynchus aguabonita obtained from a wild stock as fertilized eggs were reared in the laboratory for 21 months. The laboratory-reared golden trout in our study reached sexual maturity earlier and grew more rapidly than wild golden trout do (according to the scientific literature). Male fish averaged 35.6 cm in total length and 426 g in weight, and females averaged 36.2 cm and 487 g. All golden trout were sexually mature when used for hematological analysis. The hematological profile (hematocrit, red blood cells, white blood cells, and thrombocytes) of golden trout was similar to that reported elsewhere for other trout species. Male and female golden trout did not have significantly different thrombocyte counts; however, the immobilization treatment used on the fish (anesthesia versus a blow to the head) resulted in significant treatment differences in thrombocyte numbers and interaction effect of sex in treatment for hematocrits. Gravid female golden trout had significantly higher...

Fluconazole Treatment of Cutaneous Cryptococcosis

Abstract: REPORT OF A CASE A 58-year-old man with a history of angina and glucose intolerance had a nonhealing, nonpruritic left forearm plaque that had slowly enlarged over a 6-month period (Fig 1). He denied any history of trauma at this site. He felt well otherwise and denied having a cough or headache. The lesion measured 4×5 cm, with a sharp border along the wristwatch band. The edematous, crusted, and pseudovesicular appearance suggested a variety of infectious and inflammatory diagnoses. The clinical differential diagnosis included acute neutrophilic dermatosis, blastomycosis, and atypical mycobacteria infection. A skin biopsy was performed, the specimen revealing marked epidermal hyperplasia, papillary edema, and numerous yeasts without inflammation (Figs 2 and 3). A fungal culture of the lesion yielded Cryptococcus neoformans . A chest roentgenogram showed no infiltrate or focal lesions, the complete blood cell count showed normal neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, the blood chemistry findings were normal, and

Relationship between pathological findings and values of haematological and blood-chemistry variables in apparently healthy finishing pigs at slaughter.

Abstract: Summary The present study was performed to study possibilities of early decision making for appropriate conveyor-line at future slaughtering of normal, clinically healthy finishing pigs. Blood was collected at slaughter from barrows (n = 112). A meticulous examination for subclinical pathological lesions was performed, revealing 5 groups of subjects listed in order of increasing disease-activity: 1 - no real disease-activity; 2 - with mild subchronical lesions; 3 - with subacute lesions; 4 - with abscesses; and 5 - with fibrinous-necrotic lesions. Significant differences for values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), protein, albumin, globulines, and plasma viscosity appeared to occur in this series. It is suggested that measuring acute phase reactants in blood of slaughtered pigs in the near future may reveal appropriate modern tools for meat inspection and predicting slaughtered animal quality.

Blood Chemistry Response to Acid Exposure in Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens): Comparison of Populations from Naturally Acidic and Neutral Environments

Abstract: To test whether blood chemistry of an acid-tolerant fish species is affected by the history of environmental H⁺ exposure, we studied blood acid-base, ion, and metabolite status in a population of yellow perch from a naturally acidic lake (acid-lake perch, ALP). Measurements were taken after 16 h of moderate swimming in either pH 4.0 or pH 7.8 water. Responses of ALP were compared with those of conspecifics from a circumneutral lake (neutral-lake perch, NLP) and from a slightly alkaline lake (hard-water-lake perch, HLP). In addition, results from fish exercised to exhaustion, or exercised and allowed to recover 6 h, are presented. The ALP maintained a higher base excess (BE) and [$$HCO_{3}^{-}$$] than conspecifics from neutral environments at pH 7.8, and ALP had higher BE and [$$HCO_{3}^{-}$$] levels atpH 4.0 than at pH 7. 8; in contrast, NLP and HLP had less BE and $$HCO_{3}^{-}$$ at low pH. The ALP had significantly lower plasma [Cl−] than NLP or HLP, but apparent Cl− losses at pH 4.0 were similar among ...