Showing papers on "Bromine published in 1985"
TL;DR: In this article, second-order rate constants for reactions of ozone with 40 inorganic aqueous solutes are reported, including compounds of sulfur (e.g. H2S, HOCl, NH2Cl, HClO2, ClO2), bromine (i.e., Br−, HOBr), nitrogen (e., NH3, N2O, HNO2), as well as free radicals (e,g. O2−, OH•).
659 citations
01 Mar 1985
TL;DR: Spectra and rate constants of reactions were measured of chlorine and bromine atoms formed by photolysis of aqueous solutions of hypochlorous and hypobromous acids and their salts with light of wavelength 248 5 and 308 nm.
Abstract: Spectra and rate constants of reactions were measured of chlorine and bromine atoms formed by photolysis of aqueous solutions of hypochlorous and hypobromous acids and their salts with light of wavelength 248 5 and 308 nm Chlorine and bromine atoms in aqueous solution behave like weak oxygen acids showing the pKa-values 51 and 105, respectively Exchanges of water molecules bound to the halogen atoms are fast processes
237 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present measurements of four bromine compounds (CF3Br, CH3B, CH2Br2 and CHBr3) over a large latitudinal range (40° N to 75° S).
Abstract: At least seven organic bromine compounds have been positively identified in the atmosphere1,2 (CH3Br, CH2Br2, CHBr3, CH2BrCl, CF3Br, CF2BrCl and C2H4Br2) and others have been observed in coastal seawater samples (C2H5Br, C3H7Br and CHBr2Cl) (S. A. P. and R. A. Rasmussen, unpublished data). The atmospheric chemistry of bromine compounds has considerable consequence in the stratosphere, where bromine acts as a more efficient catalyst than chlorine in removing ozone3,4. Several bromine compounds also fulfil an important role in the geochemical cycling of the element through the troposphere5. Here we present measurements of four bromine compounds (CF3Br, CH3Br, CH2Br2 and CHBr3) over a large latitudinal range (40° N to 75° S). These data suggest that the major source of bromine in the atmosphere could be bromoform (CHBr3), probably emitted from the ocean and with a short lifetime due to photolysis. Our data also suggest that the major emission of methyl bromide (CH3Br), and hence most bromine entering the stratosphere, will be anthropogenic.
113 citations
TL;DR: The diffusion coefficients for bromine in zinc bromide solutions containing n-ethyl n-methylmorpholinium bromides have been determined over a range of temperatures and reagent concentrations relevant to zinc/bromine battery electrolytes as discussed by the authors.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a stereo and regioselective 1,2-Dihalo-1-alkenes can be obtained from 1-alkynes by the bromoboration with tribromoborane, followed by the treatment with iodine chloride or bromine chloride in the presence of sodium acetate.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the interaction of water and bromine on Ag(110) has been studied in the temperature range 80-300 K, using ESDIAD, LEED, and TDS (thermal desorption spectroscopy).
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a pre-treatment with 1 ppm of ClO 2 two hours before the application of 2 ppm Cl 2, was found to reduce the formation of trihalomethanes (THM) by 60% relative to its formation by chlorine alone, and the chlorite is reduced in this case by up to 90%.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the interaction between water (H2O, HDO, D2O) or hydrogen chloride and iodine or bromine (I−, I2, Br−, Br2) in argon matrices has been studied with IR spectroscopy.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a very flotation-spectrophotometric method based on the gold(III)/bromide/ tribromides/rhodamine 6G (R6G) system is described.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an argon microwave-induced plasma was used for the determination of traces of bromide in 10 μl of solution, and the detection limit was 50 ng of Bromide and log-log calibrations were linear (slope 2.0) in the range 0.05-50 μg.
18 citations
TL;DR: The reaction of mercury(II) salts (fluoride, chloride, bromide, nitrate methanesulphonate, toluene-p-sulphinata, and trombinear acid) with halogens (bromine or iodine) with alkenes leads to the corresponding 1,2-bifuctionalized products resulting from the addition of the halogen and the mercury (II) salt anion selectively.
Abstract: The reaction of mercury(II) salts (fluoride, chloride, bromide, nitrate methanesulphonate, toluene-p-sulphinata, and toluene-p-sulphonate) and halogens (bromine or iodine) with alkenes leads to the corresponding 1,2-bifuctionalized products resulting from the addition of the halogen and the mercury(II) salt anion selectively.
Patent•
24 Jun 1985
TL;DR: A method for clarifying bodies of water and removing staining from the containers therefor, particularly swimming pools, by the addition of chlorine and/or bromine ion and ammonium ion to the water is presented in this paper.
Abstract: Method for clarifying bodies of water and removing staining from the containers therefor, particularly swimming pools, by the addition of chlorine and/or bromine ion and ammonium ion to the water.
TL;DR: In this paper, the spectral properties of mixtures of hydrogen sulphide with chlorine or bromine in low-temperature argon or nitrogen matrices were reported, and the H2S, Cl2 and Br2 complexes were identified from the infrared spectra.
Abstract: Infrared spectra are reported of mixtures of hydrogen sulphide with chlorine or bromine in low-temperature argon or nitrogen matrices. The H2S … Cl2 and H2S … Br2 complexes were identified from the...
TL;DR: Partially brominated polybutadiene (PB) with block structure showed a microphase-separated morphology over a wide range of composition as mentioned in this paper, but showed no stereospecificity in the CHBr-dyads.
TL;DR: In this article, the photoexcited semiconductor effects a one-electron oxidation of adsorbed bromide, producing surface-bound bromine atoms, which potentially could abstract hydrogen from cyclohexene to initiate autooxidation or migrate along the semiconductor surface.
Abstract: Cyclohexene has been used as an organic probe for mechanism in the semiconductor-photocatalyzed oxidation of bromide in acetonitrile. Products derived from bromine addition and from cyclohexenyl radical mediated autooxidation were isolated. These results implicate a mechanism in which the photoexcited semiconductor effects a one-electron oxidation of adsorbed bromide, producing surface-bound bromine atoms. These potentially could abstract hydrogen from cyclohexene to initiate autooxidation or could migrate along the semiconductor surface, producing bromine (Br/sub 2/), which migrates into solution where it is rapidly trapped in conventional electrophilic addition. 15 references, 1 figure, 1 table.
TL;DR: In this article, the development of an atmospheric pressure argon afterglow, produced from an ozonizer type discharge tube, for element-selective, multielement detection in gas chromatography is described.
TL;DR: In this paper, a methodology was developed for determining the lead and bromine content of atmospheric particles collected on membrane filters, which were prepared by drying fine precipitates of lead molybdate and silver bromide on to filters.
Patent•
16 Sep 1985TL;DR: In this paper, a solution containing lithium perchlorate and tetraalkylammonium perchlorates dissolved in liquid sulfur dioxide can be stabilized by the addition of a material selected from the group consisting of iodine, bromine, chlorine, iodide salts, Bromide salts and chloride salts.
Abstract: Solutions containing lithium perchlorate and a tetraalkylammonium perchlorate dissolved in liquid sulfur dioxide can be stabilized by the addition of a material selected from the group consisting of iodine, bromine, chlorine, iodide salts, bromide salts and chloride salts.
TL;DR: In this article, the relative reaction rates of Hg, Cd, and Te and HgCdTe with bromine in methanol have been studied and the reaction rate constants, reaction order, and some conclusions about the mechanisms of the reactions of the elements with Bromine are reported.
Abstract: Bromine methanol solutions are extensively used in HgCdTe device processing technology. The relative reaction rates of Hg, Cd, and Te and HgCdTe with bromine in methanol have been studied. The reaction rate constants, reaction order, and some conclusions about the mechanisms of the reactions of the elements with bromine are reported here. The anisotropic nature of the reaction of the semiconductor with bromine has been demonstrated. The effects of mechanical action on the relative rates of the semiconductor constituents have been studied and are also discussed.
Patent•
30 May 1985TL;DR: The organosilanes/organopolysilanes are facilely prepared by contacting, in an inert atmosphere, (1) at least one disilane having the general formula: (R).sub.n R.sub.3 Si--Si--R) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The organosilanes/organopolysilanes, e.g., methylchlorosilanes useful in the production of silicones, are facilely prepared by contacting, in an inert atmosphere, (1) at least one disilane having the general formula: (R).sub.3 Si--Si--R).sub.3 (I) wherein the radicals R, which may be identical or different, are each C 1 -C 6 alkyl, hydrogen, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, trimethylsiloxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, with (2) a catalytically effective amount of a catalyst system comprising (a) at least one ionic inorganic salt having the formula: M.sup.+ A.sup.- wherein M + is lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium or cesium, and A - is fluoride, chloride, bromide or iodide, and (b) at least one compound which complexes the cation M + of said salt (a), e.g., a sequestering agent having the formula: N--CHR.sub.1 --CHR.sub.2 O--CHR.sub.3 CHR.sub.4 O).sub.n R.sub.5 ] 3 (II).
TL;DR: The ease of automation of the described procedure and its excellent reproducibility make it a good alternative to existing methods for bromide analysis in body fluids.
Patent•
16 May 1985TL;DR: In this paper, the authors described novel 1-fluoro-1-azolyl-2,2-diarylethane derivatives of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein Y is --CH═ or --N═, R 1 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, and R 2, R 3, R 4 and R 5 independently of one another are each hydrogen, halogen, methyl, methoxy, CF 3, OCF 3, OCHF 2, cyano, and/or phenoxy which is unsubstituted
Abstract: There are described novel 1-fluoro-1-azolyl-2,2-diarylethane derivatives of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein Y is --CH═ or --N═, R 1 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, and R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 independently of one another are each hydrogen, halogen, methyl, methoxy, CF 3 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , cyano, and/or phenoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted by fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine; including the acid addition salts and metal complexes thereof. Also the production of these substances as well as their microbicidal action and their use in various fields of application are described.
TL;DR: In this article, the mechanism of the bromination is discussed in view of the content of C-H and C-Li groups and a high content of c atoms in an sp hybridization state.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the reactions of ozone and bromide ion in the presence of trihalomethanes, and present possible treatment strategies when ozone is used, in the case of bromides ion.
Abstract: Where bromide ion is found in water used as a source of drinking water, and chlorination is used for disinfection, bromide ion is oxidized to bromine and can result in the formation of organic bromine compounds. There are presently no treatment techniques available for economic removal of bromide ion. A potential treatment strategy is to use an alternative oxidant; ozone is one such alternative. This review presents the reactions of ozone and bromide ion. Understanding of these reactions leads to possible treatment strategies when ozone is used, in the presence of bromide ion, to minimize the formation of trihalomethanes.
TL;DR: In this article, a method for the iodimetric micro-determination of iodine or bromine in organic compounds based on combustion in an oxygen flask using bromines or hypochlorite as absorbents to convert the combustion products of iodate and bromate ions, respectively, is described.
Abstract: A method is described for the iodimetric micro-determination of iodine or bromine in organic compounds based on combustion in an oxygen flask using bromine or hypochlorite as absorbents to convert the combustion products of iodine or bromine into iodate and bromate ions, respectively. An excess of potassium iodide is added to the solution and the separation of the liberated iodine is performed on a polyurethane foam column. The collected iodine is then oxidised to iodate using an excess of periodate solution. Iodate in the effluent solution is then titrated iodimetrically after masking the excess of unreacted periodate with molybdate. The method is simple, rapid and can be employed for determination at sub-microgram levels.
Patent•
12 Dec 1985
TL;DR: A compound of the formula wherein hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine is useful as antilimphoedema agent is a C=O group as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A compound of the formula wherein hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine; B is fluorine, or when A is fluorine B may be hydrogen; R is hydrogen, C,-Ce branched or unbranched alkyl, CH2BR, CH2Cl or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; X is hydrogen, chlorine or bromine; one of R1 and R2 is hydrogen and the other is hydroxy or C1-C7 branched or unbranched alkoxy unsubstituted or substituted by a dialkyl amino group, or R, and R2, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, form the groupC=O: with the proviso that, when R and X are both hydrogen is a C=O group, and B is fluorine and A is hydrogen is useful as antilimphoedema agent.
TL;DR: In this article, the reactions of tributyl-, trioctyl-, and tricyclohexyl-phosphine with bromine, iodine and iodine bromide have been studied by conductometric titration in acetonitrile.
TL;DR: In this article, a bromine transfer was observed for 2-bromo-7-(dimethylamino)-, 7-(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)- and 7-(methoxyanilino)tropone.
Abstract: Upon heating acetic acid containg a trace amount of coned sulfuric acid at 120 °C under nitrogen, 2-bromo-7-(2-hydroxyanilino)tropone (1a) gave 6-bromocyclohepta[b][1,4]benzoxazine (2a) as the main product and cyclohepta[b][1,4]benzoxazine, its 6,8-dibromo derivative and trace amounts of other mono-, di-, and tribromo compounds. This reaction became much more complex in the presence of oxygen. A similar bromine transfer was observed for 2-bromo-7-(dimethylamino)-, 7-(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)-, and 7-(2-methoxyanilino)tropone although the cite of the intermolecular bromine transfer depended upon the structures of the substrates and the reaction conditions. In contrast, 2a and 2-amino-5-bromotropone derivatives were completely stable towards the strong acid. Possible reaction pathways for this bromine transfer reaction are discussed.
Patent•
28 Mar 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, the Disazo compounds of the formula I see diagramm : EP0025164,P6,F3 wherein R is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and X and Y are hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, methyl, ethyl, methoxy or ethoxy.
Abstract: 1. Disazo compounds of the formula I see diagramm : EP0025164,P6,F3 wherein R is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and X and Y are hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, methyl, ethyl, methoxy or ethoxy.