Showing papers on "Channel (digital image) published in 1990"

Embedded coding system for video signals

Abstract: A video processing system is disclosed that separates and separately encodes and decodes the low and high spatial frequency coefficients of images for transmission or storage. Each block of an image is transformed into the frequency domain. High frequency coefficients of the resulting transform matrix are separated from the low frequency coefficients. The low frequency coefficients are motion prediction compensated to derive motion vectors and a prediction error signal. The motion vectors, prediction error signal and high frequency coefficients are channel encoded for storage or transmission. In a receiver, the motion vectors and prediction error signal are used to reconstruct a low frequency motion-compensated version of the image. The high frequency coefficients are inverse transformed into the pel domain and are combined with the reconstructed low frequency verison of the image to reconstruct a version of the original image.

A theory of image matching

Abstract: A theoretical framework is presented in which windowed Fourier phase (WFP) is introduced as the primary matching primitive. Zero-crossings and peaks correspond to special values in the phase profile. The WFP is quasi-linear, dense and its spatial period and slope are controlled by the channel scale. This framework has the following important characteristics: matching primitives are available almost everywhere to convey dense disparity information in every channel, either coarse or fine; the false target problem is virtually eliminated; matching is easier, uniform and can be performed by a network suitable for parallel computer architecture; and matching is fast since very few iterations are needed. In fact, the WFP is so informative that the original signal can be uniquely determined up to a multiplicative constant by the WFP in any one channel. The use of phase as the matching primitive is also supported by some existing psychophysical and neurophysiological studies. An implementation of the proposed theory has shown good results from images of random dots and natural scenes. >

Luminance balanced encoder

Abstract: A color encoder for reducing visible artifacts even when the values of the respective color signals are truncated during encoding. Since the human eye is most sensitive to luminance variations in the displayed image, luminance errors (and hence visible artifacts) are minimized by adding red and green color error signals to the blue color intensity signal prior to encoding so that luminance detail may be maintained. The blue channel is chosen for this purpose since the human eye is least sensitive to changes in blue and yellow. The color maps for the resulting encoded signals may be scaled such that the red and green values are raised and/or the blue values lowered so as to maintain the same relative intensity of luminance in the displayed image. Errors in the displayed luminance signal may thus be made up to four times smaller without increasing the amount of memory required and without adding expensive processing circuitry.

Marginal order statistics in color image filtering

Abstract: Color images are two-dimensional, three-channel stochastic signals. Their statistical characterization is quite different from that of black and white images (single-channel, two-dimensional signals). This paper investigates the extension of the concept of ordering and order statistics filtering to multichannel and color images. Marginal order statistics is the most straightforward extension to multichannel filtering. Marginal median filtering is the same as median filtering each channel independently. However, its statistical analysis is not a simple extension of the analysis of the single-channel case. The statistical analysis of marginal order filtering for color images is provided.

Discrete-time point process filter for image-based target mode estimation

Abstract: The tracking and prediction of a maneuvering target can be improved by using additional (and unconventional) measurements of its apparent features (target modes), typically provided by an image sensor-processor. A model for the image-based observation channel in discrete time is presented, and a multidimensional point process filter for target mode estimation is obtained by making use of discrete-time point process theory. The filter's utilization is illustrated by simulation examples. >

Color video transmission

Abstract: The invention improves the reconstitution of video signals which are transmitted as sequential luminescence fields (odd and even), whereby, e.g. the relative position of the fields is determinative of color content. The three color and channel reconstituted signal is composed of one on-line signal, one stored and recalled signal, and one interpolated signal.

A coding system for video signals

Abstract: A video processing system is disclosed that separates and separately encodes and decodes the low (LFREQ) and high (HFREQ) spatial frequency coefficients of images for transmission or storage. Each block of an image is transformed (in 106) into the frequency domain. High frequency coefficients of the resulting transform matrix are separated (in 108) from the low frequency coefficients. The low frequency coefficients are motion prediction compensated (by 124) to derive motion vectors and a prediction error signal. The motion vectors, prediction error signal and high frequency coefficients are channel encoded (in 116) for storage or transmission. In a receiver, the motion vectors and prediction error signal are used to reconstruct a low frequency motion-compensated version of the image. The high frequency coefficients are inverse transformed into the pel domain and are combined with the reconstructed low frequency version of the image to reconstruct a version of the original image.

Method and apparatus for generating a binary representation of an image

Abstract: A method for generating a binary representation of an image represented in half-tone form is described in which the image is scanned and sampled, and in which each pixel corresponding to a sample of the image is assigned one of two colours. The method comprises, for each group of abutting and non-overlapping sampled pixels, determining the number of pixels in the group which are to be assigned to each of the two colours (step 13); allocating a unique sequence to the pixels (step 15); and assigning one of the two colours to pixels in sequential order until the predetermined number of pixels of that colour has been assigned (step 16) and thereafter assigning the other colour to the remaining pixels in the group (step 17).

Hardware implementation of a color image decoder for remote database access

Abstract: Database client hardware and associated algorithms that can be used to call a remote database server using commercial ISDN lines for retrieval of image information are described. Compressed images are stored in the server and transferred over the ISDN channel at 64 kb/s. This information is reconstructed at the client using a single 50-MHz AT&T WE DSP32C signal processor and auxiliary display hardware. Compression is accomplished using a 4 by 4 subband filterbank and a perceptual error measure operating in the subband domain. The perceptual measure determines what information can be discarded, with the rest quantized using differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), Huffman encoded and stored at the server. When retrieved, the client performs the inverse operations. A color image of 512 by 480 pixels can be compressed to 0.7 b/pixel, transferred to the client in 3 s, and reconstructed in 6 s, with results nearly indistinguishable from the original. >

Anti-aliasing method for graphic display

Abstract: A method for determining the values of pixels in a resulting image having a greater number of pixels than an original image describes a technique for calculating the values of the new pixels in the resulting image. A rectangular region centered on a junction of four pixels in the original image is used as the basis for calculation. This rectangular region contains one-fourth of the adjacent original pixels, and is divided into 8 triangular regions. All of the pixels of the resulting image within a triangular region are given the same color, and the color assigned to the pixels in each such triangular region is a function of the colors of the four adjacent pixels in the original image.

Emission-reception system for the transmission of animated color pictures and sound from two independent channels

Abstract: The invention relates to a transmission-reception system for the transmission of animated color images or pictures and sound from two independent channels. The image signal is distributed over two independent channels, the luminance signal occupying one channel, while the chrominance signal, which is multiplexed with the sound, occupies with the sound the other channel. Separate luminance and chrominance signal processors are provided.

Stereoscopic electronic endoscope

Abstract: PURPOSE:To automatically and exactly recognize the shape of depth of a recessed part and the height of a projecting part, etc., of a disease-affected part as a stereo-scopic three-dimensional structure by fetching a stripe pattern obtained by photographing a grid as an image to a computer, analyzing it by a computer, based on the theory of a trigonometrical survey and displaying it as a graphic. CONSTITUTION:In the scope, a light channel 8, a CCD cable 5, a feed air/feed water channel 6 and an angle wire 7 are incorporated and on the tip part of the light channel 8, an optical fiber 9, a grid 10 and a condensing lens 11 are provided successively toward the tip side of the scope. In this state, a projection is executed through the grid 10 and the condensing lens 11 from the optical fiber 9, and an obtained stripe pattern is fetched as an image to the frame memory of a computer. Also, the coordinate origins of a projecting system and a photographing system are detected correctly and each coordinate system is coordinated. In such a manner, the depth direction distribution of a disease- affected part is calculated, and a stereo-scopic image is obtained by executing a three-dimensional display with a computer graphic.

Low optical-level television system

Abstract: PURPOSE: To improve detection capacity by synthesizing a channel for detecting near-infrared rays and a channel for detecting the other parts within a visible spectrum in the range of a specific wavelength. CONSTITUTION: A main channel 1 supplies incidence beams of 400nm-1,000nm via an image pick-up tube or a detection tube 12 and a video signal to an electronic control/output circuit 13. A color channel 2 supplies incidence beams to a control/output circuit 23 via an image pick-up tube 22 through an optical filter 24 for eliminating an infrared-ray part with a wavelength of approximately 700nm or longer. The circuits 13 and 23 are synchronized each other via a line 27, the output signal of the circuit 23 is subjected to clipping/time integration via an electronic filter 25, and the channels 1 and 2 are supplied to the different electron guns of a color monitor 28, thus obtaining information regarding the main channel with an expansion spectrum with the maximum degree of detection and resolution and at the same time, obtaining additional information regarding the contrast between substances due to color distribution at the color channel part and hence improving detection capacity.

Focus adjustment device

Abstract: PURPOSE:To attain the adjustment with high accuracy by converting a video signal from a TV camera into an 8-bit digital signal to extract a lateral line of a cross hatch pattern, applying binarization processing so as to measure picture element number corresponding to the lateral line width. CONSTITUTION:A main printed circuit board 2 is mounted on a monitoring television set 1 to receive a cross hatch signal from a signal generator 10 to extract a video image on a television pattern from a TV camera 3 and a video signal from the TV camera 3 is converted into an 8-bit digital signal by an A/D converter 5. A picture processing section 6 sets an extraction area 12 to measure a brightness distribution 14 and calculates a threshold level (b) for binarization to apply binarization. Moreover, the number of picture elements (a) corresponding to the width of the lateral line 13 of the cross hatch pattern 11 is measured and its data is transferred to a host CPU 78 via an RS-232C channel. The host CPU 7 receives a data and discriminates the data, an adjustment motor 9 is driven by the deviation thereby adjusting a focus volume of the main printed circuit board 2. Thus, the focus adjustment with high accuracy is attained.

Moving image access system

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a moving image with low latency image by plural users by splitting and recording a series of moving images, and switching a moving image reproducing device in unit of split time of the moving image. CONSTITUTION:The system is comprised of a moving image display device 1 for a monitor TV on a user side, etc., a moving image signal switching device 4 to connect the output of a moving image signal from each moving image reproducing device 3 to a moving image signal channel 2 on the user side, and a moving image access controller 5 to control the access/operation of the moving image reproducing device 3 and the moving image signal switching device 4, etc. And a series of moving images are split and are recorded distributedly on separate moving image recording medium, and they are set on plural moving image reproducing device 3, and split moving image are reproduced sequentially, thereby, the access of the moving image can be controlled in unit of split time. In such a way, delay in reproduction can be suppressed to split time unit even when access to the same moving image is concentrated, which shortens the latency time.

Data transmission method

Abstract: PURPOSE: To reduce a transmission time of image information without deteriorating image quality by converting and modulating an image signal to be sent into an analog image signal and transmitting the processed image signal through a channel whose band width is limited with respect to the band width of the image signal and demodulating the received image signal and converting the demodulated signal into a digital image signal at a reception stage. CONSTITUTION: Image information is generated in a recorder 5. The image information is fed to an A/D converter 6 and its output signal is fed to, e.g. a computer 7. The computer applies discrete cosine transformation to a signal component to convert it into a spectrum component. Succeedingly the image signal is given to a compression circuit 8, in which its data speed is reduced. An A/D converter 12 is provided to an output side of a demodulation device 11. Digital image information is fed to an expander 13 to generate an image to be reproduced, and then the expanded information is fed to an inverse discrete cosine transformation device 14. An output signal from an inverse discrete cosine transformation device 15 is fed directly to a D/A converter 16 or an image screen 17 depending on the image reproducing device connected to the system.

Image exposing device

Abstract: PURPOSE:To perform appropriate printing by calculating a cumulative density function concerning neutral density image information and plural colors of an original image and determining the color correcting amount of the original image based on the cumulative density function CONSTITUTION:The cumulative density function CDF concerning the color R, G and B of the image on a negative film 3 is calculated, and based on the CDF, the color correcting amount of the original image is determined If, based on order information being film information, exposure quantity of the frame concerned is determined by taking consideration of each frame information, the exposure quantity equivalent to when an image is exposed according to information set up for each channel can be obtained As a result, once information is set up by using any negative film 3, exposure quantity is determined in the same procedure even if the negative film 3 made by the other maker is used, or if the previous and current films made by the same maker are different in their sensitivity Thus, under the same printing conditions, a satisfactory color photographic paper can be obtained

Apparatus and method for high quality television transmission

Abstract: PURPOSE: To easily and quickly estimate the movement of an object within each image part by providing a motion estimating device with a means which relates a part to be checked within the 2nd image of the next new image set to a part which occupies the same position with the part to be checked within a previous image and a group that contains its adjacent parts. CONSTITUTION: In a high definition television transmitting device which has a motion estimating device which decides a motion vector to each image part, and a means which transmits data that regulates entire motion vectors in an image part that uses a motion vector with a related digital transmission channel, the motion estimating device further has a means which relates parts to be checked within the 2nd image of the new image set to parts which are several parts within a previous image and occupy the same position with the parts to be checked and a group that contains their adjacent parts under the existence of a pair of next new images, and an available motion vector to the new image set is only a motion vector that corresponds to each part of a group that is decided against other image sets. Such a motion estimating device operates even faster than conventional ones.

Method for processing and transmitting a sequence of stereoscopic television image couples through a channel including an analogic and a digital path

Abstract: L'invention se rapporte a un nouveau procede de traitement et de transmission de sequences d'images stereoscopiques dans un canal de transmission du type comportant notamment une voie video analogique associee a une voie numerique permettant de reconstituer soit une image compatible, soit une image stereoscopique pour televiseur stereoscopique. The invention relates to a novel process for processing and transmission of stereoscopic image sequences in a type of the transmission channel including an appropriate analog video channel associated with a digital channel for reconstructing is a compatible image or a stereoscopic image for stereoscopic TV. Le signal d'image video compatible transmis correspond au multiplexage (200) des elements d'images des images droites (10) et des images gauches (20) des couples d'images stereoscopiques de la sequence. The video image signal compatible transmitted corresponds to multiplexing (200) the picture elements of the right images (10) and left frames (20) stereoscopic image pairs of the sequence.

Method and arrangement for moving picture decoding

Abstract: For decoding animated images, a processor processes the luminance and chrominance components, and a memory is used to store the relevant information about one or more images. the digital data is first decoded (DEC) and then generates images (GEN) from said data. With regard to the luminance, it creates images by interpolation from a preceding image and a subsequent image. According to the invention, said interpolation (IM1) to create an image from a preceding image and a subsequent image begins (G) before the end of decoding of the luminance of the subsequent image data (Y2) , and this interpolation starts after decoding half of the luminance data of the subsequent image (D). The data of luminance of an image of rank N (Y4) are replaced by those in the memory of the row of image N + 4 (Y8) as soon as half the generation of the luminance of the image of rank N +1 (IM5) was performed. Application in systems for transmitting images to moderate flow: moving image display system on compact disc or digital tape says "Digital Audio Tape" channel 1Mb / s, videophone.

Segmentation mechanism for producing interpolated color values for a sampled color image signal.

Abstract: Blurring along edges between regions of different color characteristics in interpolated color images is avoided by a signal processing technique that segments the fully sampled channel into a plurality of contiguous image regions of respectively different image characteristics. The segmentation mechanism is such that, within a respective region, the fully sampled signal values are associated with a common image characteristic. A boundary between adjacent regions occurs where the segmentation mechanism has inferred the presence of an edge between sub-sampled locations and has assigned signal values for successive sampling locations of the fully sampled channel on opposite sides of the edge in accordance with different image characteristics. After the image has been segmented, within each region, signal values for non-sampled locations of a sub-sampled channel are interpolated in accordance with a predetermined relationship between fully sampled and sub-sampled signal values at a sampling location in that region whereat each of fully sampled and sub-sampled signal values have been produced. In addition, more than one segmentation mechanism may be employed. In this case, the image processing performance of each segmentation scheme is weighted. Interpolation values based upon each segmentation scheme are then combined as a weighted average.

Method and device for transmitting color information by using rectangular amplitude modulation

Abstract: PURPOSE: To simplify a demodulation technology by allocating each cycle of a sine wave in a 1st channel as a code expressing the luminance of one pixel and allocating one cycle in a 2nd channel to a code expressing color difference. CONSTITUTION: When each luminance signal corresponds to one pixel, the luminance of four pixels is averaged. In each group consisting of four luminance signals, two color difference signals are obtained. Because human eyes can discriminate brightness more accurately as compared with colors and color information can be reduced. An in-phase channel 1 includes luminance information and each of sine wave symbols included in respective periods 12, 14, 18 corresponds to one pixel. In a Q channel, a color difference value is encoded as a cosine symbol generated every other periods 12, 16. In a combined (1+Q) channel, intermediate periods 14, 18 to be every other periods have '0' values so as to store a zero cross between respective parts existing in an I channel. In addition, every other cosine symbols are inverted so as to set up a cosine symbol in the period 12 to a 1st phase and invert the phase of a cosine symbol in the period 16 by 180 deg..