Showing papers on "Coturnix published in 1984"
TL;DR: Three experiments were performed to analyze the time course of demasculinization in the Japanese quail and to test the activating and organizing effects of estradiol (E2) in adult sexually active birds.
82 citations
TL;DR: It appears that the thymus is divided into two compartments in terms of the nature of cells expressing Ia: the cortex, in which class II antigens are exclusively expressed by endodermal epithelial cells, and the medulla, where the majority of nonlymphoid cells are Ia-positive cells of hemopoietic origin.
Abstract: The various cell types expressing Ia antigens in the chick and quail thymus have been studied by means of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) prepared by using chick and quail thymic adherent cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) as immunogens. Three reagents were selected by the following criteria: (a) they react with a surface determinant carried by thymic adherent cells and bursal lymphocytes, (b) they can be used to immunoprecipitate from spleen cell membrane extracts molecular entities of an apparent molecular weight close to 55,000, which can be fractionated into monomers at approximately 30,000 mol wt in dissociating conditions. Among these three reagents, two are strictly species specific, i.e., they recognize either chick (TaPl) or quail (TaCl) Ia determinants, whereas the third, TaC2, recognizes both chick and quail Ia molecules. Chimeric thymuses in which the epithelioconnective stroma is derived from the quail thymic primordium and the whole hemopoietic cell population (lymphocytes and accessory cells) are of chick origin were constructed as previously described by our group (20). The different mAb were applied on normal (quail and chick) and chimeric thymuses. It appears that the thymus is divided into two compartments in terms of the nature of cells expressing Ia: the cortex, in which class II antigens are exclusively expressed by endodermal epithelial cells, and the medulla, where the majority of nonlymphoid cells are Ia-positive cells of hemopoietic origin. A few epithelial cells only are present in the thymic medulla. They are closely intricated with the sessile Ia-positive cells, whose precursors penetrate the thymus along with the lymphocyte progenitors and which are renewed in the course of thymic development. In contrast, the epithelial reticulum, expressing Ia both in the cortex and medulla, contributes a stable thymic component. During early thymic ontogeny, the hemopoietic cells expressed detectable levels of Ia antigen before the epithelial cell network.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of the presence of a female on the reproductive endocrinology of male Japanese quail was investigated, and an increase in the maturation rate of immature males was observed in birds maintained in the continuous presence of females by comparison with birds kept in isolation.
75 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that E2 can demasculinize sexual behavior only in females and only if treatment is performed in very young birds.
51 citations
TL;DR: Silicone elastomer implants were more effective at stimulating crowing than similar implants of testosterone whilst there was little difference in their potency at inducing cloacal gland growth, consistent with the hypothesis that brain steroid 5 beta-reductase regulates the behavioural activity of testosterone in the brain of young birds.
Abstract: It has been suggested that testosterone is less effective at inducing crowing behaviour in young birds than in adults because of the presence of higher levels of steroid 5 beta-reductase in the young brain, which converts testosterone to inactive 5 beta-reduced metabolites. This hypothesis was tested indirectly by comparing the relative potencies of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT), which cannot be converted to 5 beta-metabolites, and testosterone at inducing crowing in young gonadectomized male and female quail. The promotion of cloacal gland growth by these treatments was also assessed since there are no age-related changes in 5 beta-reductase in this organ. Silicone elastomer implants (2 X 5, 5 and 10 mm) containing 5 alpha-DHT were more effective at stimulating crowing than similar implants of testosterone whilst there was little difference in their potency at inducing cloacal gland growth. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that brain steroid 5 beta-reductase regulates the behavioural activity of testosterone in the brain of young birds.
40 citations
TL;DR: The data support the notion that the effects of testosterone are controlled by enzymatic shifts which could modulate the sensitivity to the hormone at the cellular level.
24 citations
TL;DR: BNF-treated birds had higher delta-aminolevulinic acid-synthetase (ALA-S) activities and developed porphyria much more rapidly than birds treated with HCB alone, which may reflect a difference between the PB and BNF groups in the production of a porphyrogenic metabolite of HCB.
24 citations
TL;DR: Neither the mixed culture nor the E. uzura isolates were infective for Bobwhite quail, Chukar partridge, pheasants, chickens, or turkeys, and infection did not adversely affect body weights of adult quails, although egg production was reduced.
19 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the pattern of serum free thyroid hormones, like that of total hormones, is markedly different in altricial than in precocial development.
Abstract: Ring doves (altricial development) and Japanese quail (precocial development) were used as models to compare differences in serum free hormone concentrations and the binding of thyroid hormones to serum protein fractions in adults, and the pattern of free thyroid hormones in the serum of altricial vs. precocial young. Total and free hormones were determined directly by RIA; free hormones also were determined by equilibrium dialysis. Binding protein fractions were identified by electrophoresis of serum preincubated with labelel hormones. Albumin bound the largest proportion of T4 in serum to both species; albumin also bound the largest proportion of T3 in doves, but globulin bound the largest proportion in quail. There were significant differences between species in the proportional binding of both thyroid hormones by different protein fractions at physiological pH. Electrophoretic separations at alkaline pH significantly altered hormone binding by different protein fractions from that at physiological pH. These data explain some conflicting results in the literature on thyroid hormone-binding proteins in different species. Free T4 and free T3 were below the sensitivity limits of the assays during the perinatal period in doves. After hatching, serum free T4 rose more rapidly than total T4. After day 12, hormone concentrations decreased, with a proportionately greater change in free T4 than in total T4. Serum free T3 concentrations were variable, but did not change significantly during development. These results demonstrate that the pattern of serum free thyroid hormones, like that of total hormones, is markedly different in altricial than in precocial development.
18 citations
TL;DR: It is stated that the relative concentration of dodecane diol is indeed a very good marker for androgenicity in the uropygial gland of the male quail.
Abstract: The uropygial gland of the male quail is a sebaceous-like, androgen-dependent structure. The waxes secreted by this gland consist of fatty acids esterified by alkane-2,3-diols. In adult male quail the relative concentrations of all fatty acids were not affected by castration and testosterone treatment; but in contrast, the relative concentration of dodecane diol was found to be correlated with the androgen levels. In castrated quail administration of testosterone induced an increase in the dodecane diol percentage which was blocked by protein-synthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, the effects of testosterone were found to be neutralized by the administration of cyproterone acetate. Consequently it may be stated that the relative concentration of dodecane diol is indeed a very good marker for androgenicity in the uropygial gland of the male quail. This experimental model seems well suited for evaluating the stimulators and inhibitors of the activity of the sebaceous gland.
16 citations
TL;DR: The histology of the lower gut of both species suggests that post-renal modification of urine is an important aspect of their water economy.
Abstract: Stubble quail (Coturnix pectoralis) occur in some of the driest regions of Australia and king quail, (Coturnix chinensis) occur naturally in more mesic areas. Both species require a source of water other than dry seed, but stubble quail have about one-tenth the minimum water requirement of king quail. Stubble quail cope better with saline drinking and water deprivation than do king quail, and are able to utilize succulent food as a water source. The proportionately greater amount of medullary tissue in the kidneys of stubble quail correlates with an increased ability to concentrate urine. The histology of the lower gut of both species suggests that post-renal modification of urine is an important aspect of their water economy.
TL;DR: Several immunological traits were compared in lines of Japanese quail selected for high and low secondary immune responses to anti-Newcastle disease virus; Mitogenic response to phytohemagglutinin mitogen in the blood lymphocytes from high line quail was more reactive than those from low line quails.
TL;DR: Both cold and restraint stresses elicited sustained adrenocortical activation and no thyroid response to cold appeared after complete or partial neural deafferentation of the hypothalamus, indicating that cold signals were conveyed to the thyrotropic centers from peripheral and/or deep thermoreceptors through neural posterior-lateral afferents to the hypothalamic.
TL;DR: The swollen organelles were determined to be GER by their peripheral orientation around the mitochondria and the ribosomes attached to their cytoplasm-exposed membrane surfaces and was due to an osmotic imbalance possibly brought about by the indirect inhibition of the sodium pump by arsenic.
Abstract: Coturnix quail (Coturnix coturnix) were given acute oral doses of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). On each of two successive days they received 1 mg sodium arsenite, followed by 3 mg on the third day. There was no observable difference between the arsenic-exposed quail liver and the controls at the light microscope level; however, swelling of granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER) in the hepatocytes of the arsenic-exposed quail was detected with electron microscopy. The swollen organelles were determined to be GER by their peripheral orientation around the mitochondria and the ribosomes attached to their cytoplasm-exposed membrane surfaces. The degree of swelling ranged from slight to severe, and was due to an osmotic imbalance possibly brought about by the indirect inhibition of the sodium pump by arsenic.
TL;DR: An estrogen binding component was characterized in quail liver nuclei that had features consistent with an estrogen receptor, including high affinity, limited capacity, structural specificity, tissue specificity, nuclear translocation, and nuclear retention.
TL;DR: The present study investigated the relationship between artificial eye illumination and duration of restraint-induced TI in habituated Japanese quail and suggested that the differences reported by Gallup et al. may be due to the relative brightness of the eye stimuli.
Abstract: Gallup, Nash and Ellison (1971) reported that the presence of artificial eyes increased both susceptibility to induction of tonic immobility (TI) and duration of the immobility reaction in domestic chicks. Further, they reported differential effects for both susceptibility and duration for color and type of eye stimulus. One interpretation of the differential effects suggests that the eye stimuli individually differed with respect to incidental light reflectance. The present study investigated the relationship between artificial eye illumination and duration of restraint-induced TI in habituated Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Results suggest that the differences reported by Gallup et al. may be due to the relative brightness of the eye stimuli.