Showing papers on "Decoupling capacitor published in 1979"

Capacitive pressure transducer

Abstract: A highly linear capacitive pressure transducer system includes one or more conductive plates mounted on a diaphragm for deflection toward and away from another conducting plate. The opposed conductive plates include both a main variable capacitor and a small separate compensation capacitor mounted on the same structure. The small compensation capacitor is connected in parallel with a larger fixed reference capacitor. The outputs from the main variable capacitor, and from the reference capacitance including the fixed capacitor and the small variable capacitor, are compared in electronic circuitry which produces an output signal proportional to the variations in pressure applied to the diaphragm. When the small variable capacitor has a change in capacitance with pressure generally of the same order of magnitude as the deviations from linearity of the main variable capacitor, the linearity of the output signal with changes in pressure is significantly increased.

A two-stage weighted capacitor network for D/A-A/D conversion

Abstract: A two-stage weighted capacitor network for A/D and D/A conversion utilizing a feedback amplifier is described. The two-stage weighted capacitor DAC requires a smaller range of capacitor values then the conventional weighted capacitor DAC and is not subject to the nonlinear effects of parasitic capacitance. Experimental results of such a DAC implemented using a conventional n-channel metal-gate MOS process are presented. A discussion of the comparative accuracy and area of one- and two-stage weighted capacitor DAC's on the basis of capacitor tracking is given.

Power supply and control circuit for series connected controller

Abstract: A control circuit for a power switch like a triac to be connected in series with a load device, at a situs where only one AC power conductor and a conductor extending to the load device is available, is energized from a DC power supply energized from these conductors. The power supply includes at least one rectifier connected in series with a capacitor, the terminals of which capacitor constitute the DC output terminal of the DC power supply, an impedance of much greater resistance than that of the load device and through which the capacitor is charged when the triac is in its non-conductive mode, and a normally non-conductive triggerable low impedance threshold device shunting the high impedance and triggered momentarily into conduction as the applied AC voltage goes through zero when the triac is to be in its conductive mode. Current flow through this threshold device triggers the power switch into conduction a short interval after passage of this voltage through zero. The capacitor charges only during each such short interval it takes to initiate conduction of the power switch.

Generalized switched-capacitor active filter

Abstract: Because of the very large variety of useful filter configurations, it is highly desirable to have a generalized circuit topology from which all specific filters can be derived. A generalized switched-capacitor biquadratic active filter comprises a pair of operational amplifiers (10, 11), each of which has an unswitched feedback capacitor (D, B) connected between its output port (3, 3') and its inverting input port (1, 1'). A third through-switched capacitor (C) provides feedback between the output port (3') of the second amplifier (11) and the inverting input port (1) of the first amplifier (10). A diagonally-switched capacitor (A) couples the output port (3) of the first amplifier (10) to the inverting input port (1') of the second amplifier (11). The noninverting input ports (2, 2') of the two amplifiers are connected to signal ground. The filter input terminal (5) is connected to the inverting input ports (1, 1') of each amplifier by an input circuit including a parallel array of an unswitched capacitor, a diagonally-switched capacitor, and a through-switched capacitor (L, H, G and K, J, I). Damping is provided by either a through-switched capacitor (F) connected in parallel with feedback capacitor (B), or by a unswitched capacitor (E) connected in parallel with through switched feedback capacitor (C).

An equivalent circuit approach to the computer-aided analysis of switched capacitor circuits

Abstract: An equivalent circuit approach to the computer-aided analysis of switched capacitor circuits is described. The exact transfer functions of the circuits under continuous inputs are computed via the simulation of an equivalent circuit in the z domain. Several switched capacitor filter circuits are discussed and their simulated results are compared with measured data.

Capacitor memory and methods for reading, writing, and fabricating capacitor memories

Abstract: An improved metal dual insulator semiconductor capacitor memory is disclosed The memory contains a plurality of capacitor cells, each cell comprising a semiconductor substrate layer and a high conductivity layer sandwiching two insulator layers The substrate is doped to provide avalanche breakdown in a surface depletion layer at a voltage comparable to the write voltage in the accumulation direction The invention also provides a method of reading stored information without disturbing adjacent cells A small variable voltage is applied across a "flat-band" portion of the hysteresis loop describing the voltage-capacitance relationship for the capacitor memory A change or the absence of a change in the current through the capacitor indicates the state of the capacitor cell Methods to fabricate the memory are also disclosed

Thick film capacitor having very low internal inductance

Abstract: A decoupling capacitor for highly integrated, fast switching logic circuit modules. The capacitor comprises stacked ceramic sheets having metallized surfaces. The sheets are connected together in groups. Alternate groups are connected to a first electrode. Intervening alternate groups are connected to a second electrode. The connections are all made to the same ends of all the sheets so that the current flows in opposite directions through adjacent facing plates.

Electric fence energizers

Abstract: An electric fence energizer which comprises a capacitor connected across a power supply to an output transformer. An SCR is provided between the capacitor and the primary stage of the transformer and the SCR is arranged to discharge the capacitor. A controllable switch is provided with a control circuit which controls the charge in the capacitor via the controllable switch and also triggers the SCR.

Pulsed energy stepping motor power control unit

Abstract: A power control unit causes a high supply voltage to be intermittently chopped to provide energy pulses in a core transformer and the energy in the core is discharged into a capacitor with the capacitor constituting the power source for a stepping motor and with the extent of the energy pulse accepted by the capacitor being determined by the condition of the capacitor which in turn is set by the instantaneous operating state of the motor.

Offset correction circuit for differential amplifiers

Abstract: The output of a differential amplifier, operating as a comparator, is coupled through a first switch to charge a small valued capacitor C 1 . The charge in the small capacitor can be coupled through a second switch to charge a larger value capacitor C 2 . The charge on the larger capacitor creates a voltage thereacross which is C 1 /(C 1 +C 2 ) that which was initially across capacitor C 1 . The voltage across the capacitor C 2 is coupled to the negative terminal of the differential amplifier and is lessened in value via a buffer and attenuator circuit. The positive terminal is coupled to ground. The output of the comparator would normally have a polarity based upon the sign of the "offset error" of the comparator less the voltage at the negative terminal.

Parasitic-free switched capacitor network

Abstract: Switched capacitor topologies currently in use are susceptible to the deleterious effects of the parasitic capacitances associated with the switches. Topologies that are immune to these effects are disclosed. A first such embodiment comprises a first switch (22, 32), a capacitor (23, 33), and a second switch (24, 34) connected in series between one input terminal (1) and one output terminal (3) of the network. Third and fourth switches (26, 35 and 27, 36) are connected between the junctions (98, 42 and 99, 43) of the capacitor and the first and second switches, respectively, and the common junction (97, 41) of the second input and second output terminals (2, 4). A second embodiment is also disclosed.

Circuit breaker apparatus for high voltage direct currents

Abstract: A circuit breaker apparatus of high voltage direct currents is connected in series with an external circuit comprising an AC-DC converting device connected to an AC power supply and a DC reactor connected to the AC-DC converting device, and comprises a circuit breaker connected in series with the external circuit, a disconnecting switch connected to the circuit breaker, and a series circuit connected in parallel with the circuit breaker and constituted of a blocking capacitor and a primary winding in a transformer. A charge storage capacitor is connected to a secondary winding of the transformer through a starting switch and polarity changeover switch, and an AC power supply for charging is connected through a diode to the charge storage capacitor.

Broad-band lumped constant type circulator and isolator

Abstract: PURPOSE:To simplify circuit constitution by constituting a series circuit in the order of an inductor and capacitor toward a center conductor and then by loading a capacitor between the inductor-capacitor connection point and the earth. CONSTITUTION:From the terminal sides to center conductors (a), (b) and (c) of the circulator, series circuits are constituted respectively in the order of inductor LS1 and capacitor CS1 and while the series circuits are connected between the terminals and center conductors respectively, capacitors CP2 other than a floating capacitor are loaded between the earth and connection points between inductors LS1 and capacitors CS1 respectively. Further, a resistor is connected between the earth and one of terminals A, B and C.

Output capacitor discharge circuit

Abstract: In accordance with this invention, the capacitor is discharged through a transistor connected as a negative resistance device so that the current through it increases as the voltage across the capacitor decreases. Means are provided for biasing the transistor to cut-off while the output voltage is being regulated at the selected value, but the bias is removed so as to permit the transistor to conduct and discharge the capacitor under certain conditions, such as (1) when the voltage is programmed downward; (2) when an overvoltage condition exists; or (3) when the line voltage to which the power supply is connected fails or is turned off. In the latter situation, a capacitor supplies operating power to the circuit for a long enough time to permit it to fully discharge the capacitor. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the time during which the transistor is permitted to conduct is limited so as to permit more current to flow without damaging the transistor and thereby discharge the capacitor more quickly.

Method and instrument for testing the operating characteristics of a capacitor

Abstract: Dielectric absorption in a capacitor is detected by making a first measurement of the capacitance of the capacitor, then charging the capacitor to its rated voltage, then discharging the capacitor, and then promptly making a second measurement of the capacitance of the capacitor. If the second measurement indicates a capacitance value less than that indicated by the first measurement, the capacitor exhibits dielectric absorption.

Circuit for driving deflection coil

Abstract: A circuit for driving a deflection coil comprising a capacitor (3) in series with the coil (2), a circuit (1) which drives a saw-tooth waveform current through the coil and capacitor, and a switchable resonant circuit (5, 6, 7, 8, 9) which generates across the capacitor a saw-tooth waveform voltage equal and opposite to the voltage drop attributable to a resistive component (4) of the capacitor/coil series circuit, thereby to effect loss correction.

Signal integrator with time constant controlled by differentiating feedback

Abstract: A signal integrating capacitor receives signal current for an integration circuit. A current shunt is coupled to the capacitor. The integrated output is differentiated and degeneratively fed back to the shunting circuit to control the amount of signal current bypassed from the capacitor, thereby increasing the effective time constant associated with the capacitor.

High-efficiency single-ended inverter circuit

Abstract: A simple single-ended inverter circuit efficiently converts a DC input voltage to an AC output voltage. The circuit, which functions as a self-contained Class C oscillator, comprises an energy-storing inductor and an energy-storing tank capacitor in circuit with a saturable core feedback transformer operable to provide intermittent feedback current to effect periodic conduction of a single power transistor. When this transistor is non-conductive, resonant interchange of energy occurs between the inductor and tank capacitor; periodic energy transfer from the inductor both charges the capacitor and also supplies a load, and energy transfer from the capacitor to the inductor provides reset current to the saturable transformer.

Electrical capacitor protective arrangement

Abstract: Electrical capacitor has guard placed over its external terminals to provide space for displacement of the terminals in the operation of the internal pressure sensitive interrupter device when the capacitor is embedded by encapsulating material in an electrical ballast container.

Flasher devices for lamps

Abstract: The invention provides a two-terminal flasher device, particularly for flashing automobile lamps, that can replace the thermal devices predominantly currently in use. An electro-mechanical relay is used to flash the lamps, while an electronic circuit controls the flashing rate. The power for operating the relay and the electronic circuit is maintained by means of a capacitor that is charged from the power source (the battery) and then discharged while the power source is not available, the electronic circuit being supplied from the capacitor via a constant voltage source. Preferably the charging of the capacitor is arranged so as to give an "instant-on" type of operation. The lamp current is measured by a voltage measuring means including a resistor formed by part of the copper of the board on which the circuit is mounted, and the temperature coefficient of the circuit is arranged to be as close as possible to that of the copper. Upon detection of a lamp failure the flashing rate is doubled by by-passing a divider in a timing chain of the circuit. The current supplied to the relay coil is controlled so that a relatively high closing current is supplied initially to close the relay contacts; upon closure of the contacts the relay current is lowered to a holding value (e.g. about one fifth of the closing value) reducing the relay power consumption and capacity required for the capacitor.

Inductive-capacitive charge-discharge ignition system

Abstract: An inductive-capacitive charge-discharge ignition system includes an ignition transformer primary winding and a capacitor to be charged by a unipolar alternating current source. An electronic switch connects the primary winding and capacitor in parallel during the discharge mode of the system so that the discharge current from the capacitor aids the discharge current in the primary winding. Rectifiers may be used between the outputs of the source and the primary winding and capacitor. Another version of this system employs DC power to charge the primary winding, and the unipolar source to charge the capacitor, with a rectifier between the source and capacitor. Another capacitor may be used in the secondary winding of the ignition transformer. The system may be controlled by a variety of timers. A high velocity igniter arc having luminous particles surrounding a more concentrated filament of such luminous particles is developed by the system extending across the entire base of an igniter.

Inverter circuit for minimizing switching power losses

Abstract: Because inverter circuits utilize switches which can be adversely affected by signal transients or excessive voltages, it is usual to provide a protective circuit consisting of a capacitor and a resistor. At high frequencies and high powers the energy dissipated in the resistor can be excessive. The present invention provides an additional switch, which is arranged to discharge the capacitor in a lossless manner and to return the energy stored by the capacitor to the power supply by making the discharge path part of a resonant circuit, loss can be reduced to negligible levels.

Capacitive pick-off circuit

Abstract: An improved capacitive pick-off circuit is provided by utilizing a reference current generator to apply a square wave to a pick-off capacitor and the resulting voltage across the capacitor is then applied to a fixed capacitor. The resulting fixed capacitor current then provides a measure of the capacitance of the pick-off capacitor. A differential capacitive pick-off circuit is provided by applying the reference current to each pick-off capacitor and providing a fixed capacitor for each of the pick-off capacitors. The resulting fixed capacitor currents are combined and the resulting differential current is used as a measure of the difference in capacitance or the difference in the gaps between the plates of the capacitors.

Integrated delay circuit with PN-junction capacitor

Abstract: In an integrated silicon circuit a PN junction capacitor is charged to almost the full DC power supply voltage through a resistor and through the base-emitter junction of an output transistor. A constant current source and an input transistor switch are simultaneously turned on to dicharge the capacitor at a constant rate, the output transistor being held off until the capacitor is almost fully discharged. The delay, from the time of turning on the constant current source to the time the output transistor turns on, is substantially independent of severe drops in power supply voltage that may occur during this delay period.

Regulated deflection circuit with regulator switch controlled by deflection current

Abstract: A source of unregulated direct voltage has a terminal coupled to a capacitor. A horizontal deflection circuit is coupled to a first terminal of the source and to the capacitor so as to be energized by a regulated voltage established by the difference between the unregulated voltage and the voltage across the capacitor. The deflection switching transistor is serially coupled with an additional controllable switch, and an inducator is coupled between the junction of the switches and the second terminal of the source of unregulated direct voltage to provide a controllable path for current flow in the capacitor. The controllable switches are operated at the deflection rate to generate deflection currents and to control the state of charge of the capacitor to maintain a constant regulated voltage. The energy represented by periodic discharge of the capacitor is recovered.

Alternating current generator with radio noise suppressing capacitor

Abstract: An alternating current generator for charging a battery has a radio noise suppressing capacitor. One terminal of the capacitor element is press-contacted with the bottom of a hollow part formed in a bracket and the other terminal of the capacitor element is press-contacted with a conductive member connected to the output terminal of the generator in the holding of the capacitor. The parts can be decreased and the quality can be improved.

Single ramp comparison analog to digital converter

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter of integration type comprises a charging and discharging capacitor, a first comparator for comparing an analog input voltage with the terminal voltage of the capacitor, a second comparator for comparing a reference voltage predetermined in relation to the input voltage with the terminal voltage of the capacitor, a switching transistor connected in parallel with the capacitor for controlling the charging and discharging of the capacitor, and a gated logic circuit applied with outputs of the first and second comparators, a charge-discharge control pulse, and a clock pulse. When the terminal voltage of the capacitor decreases below the reference voltage during discharge through the switching transistor, the discharge is stopped and a converted output is generated through the gated logic circuit on the basis of the outputs of the comparators. When the terminal voltage increases above the input voltage during charging, the converted output is stopped. The conversion speed and the conversion accuracy are improved and are not influenced by the dispersion of the elements in the discharging path. This converter is suitable for an exposure display system employing an IC for use in a camera. In such a case, the reference voltage may be selected at a value slightly lower than the voltage corresponding to the brightness of the scene on a rainy day.

A Pulsed Power Supply for Injection Bump Magnets

Abstract: A controlled resonant circuit charges an energy-storage capacitor bank with a precision of ±0.1 percent from an unregulated ± 2-percent dc source. The capacitor bank energizes an efficient thyristor-controlled pulse-forming discharge circuit. These circuits, which generate magnet pulses of 300 J at a rate of 30/s, are analyzed in this paper.

Multi-spark CD ignition

Abstract: An improved multi-spark capacitor discharge (CD) ignition having independent circuits for charging and discharging the main capacitor, a flyback DC to DC converter, and an inductive filter interposed between the ignition coil and the main capacitor on one side, and the charging transformer on the other side.