Showing papers on "Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector routing published in 2019"

A rule based delay constrained energy efficient routing technique for wireless sensor networks

Abstract: In wireless sensor networks (WSN), the nodes are used to collect and gather the data from different environments. Hence, the network consumes more energy which is the main and challenging issue in WSNs. Since the sensor is operating under battery, recharging is impossible and hence the lifetime of each sensor is an important issue. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce new and efficient techniques to extend the network lifetime. In this paper, a new delay constrained energy efficient routing technique is proposed for performing effective routing in WSNs. This approach introduces a delay constraint based reliable routing approach which reduces the energy consumption by constructing efficient clusters without increasing the end-to-end delay. Moreover, the proposed technique called the rule based clustering for routing model provides better performance in terms of network lifetime than the other existing techniques since they consume more energy during the formation of clusters and finding the shortest path. Moreover, additional overhead on the cluster head selection is tackled also using rules in this proposed model in an efficient manner by building balanced clusters. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that it extends the lifetime of the network and increases the throughput, energy efficiency, link quality and scalability. The experimental verification of this technique has been carried out using MATLAB simulations and proved that this model increases the packet delivery rate, network performance and reduces the delay and energy consumption.

Performance Comparison Routing Protocol AODV, DSDV, and AOMDV with Video Streaming In Manet

Abstract: Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a collection of nodes that can communicate with each other via radio waves. Each node in the radio room can be used independently and independently. One of the transmission protocols in manet, UDP, is a protocol that is unreliable or untrusted. UDP allows the application to accept the freedom to delete packages that are very successful for sending video and sound. One of the main problems in MANET is energy, which is very influential in network performance and quality. What needs to be done is the routing protocol selection based on energy parameters and service quality. In this study using a simulation method with NS2 and NAM tools to compare the performance of AODV, DSDV and AOMDV routing protocol with Streaming video. Simulation is done by measuring network size. The results of the study show that AODV routing protocol has the best value of throughput and packet loss compared to DSDV and AOMDV. Whereas based on energy measurement, DSDV protocol routing has the best average information compared to AODV and AOMDV.

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) Routing Protocols: A Performance Assessment

Abstract: Mobile Ad Hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile devices which form a communication network. There are multiple type of routing protocols that de-signed for MANETs. This paper presents an investigation of four MANET protocols’ performance, namely the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Ad Hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance (AOMDV). These protocols are evaluated using three difference performance metrics; average end-to-end, throughput and packet delivery ratio. Simulations of MANET is conducted to analyze the behavior of these protocols with different node mobility and node speed. From the results, it is indicated that different protocols performs better than the other on different performance metrics. For Average end-to-end metric, AODV is shown as the best performer even with the increment of speed. All four protocols meanwhile shows similar performance when node speed are increased for the throughput performance metric. For the final metric, it is shown that AOMDV returns the highest packet delivery ratio.

Fault-Tolerant Adaptive Routing in Dragonfly Networks

Abstract: Dragonfly networks have been widely used in the current high-performance computers or high-end servers. Fault-tolerant routing in dragonfly networks is essential. The rich interconnects provide good fault-tolerance ability for the network. A new deadlock-free adaptive fault-tolerant routing algorithm based on a new two-layer safety information model, is proposed by mapping routers in a group, and groups of the dragonfly network into two separate hypercubes. The new fault-tolerant routing algorithm tolerates static and dynamic faults. Our method can determine whether a packet can reach the destination at the source by using the new safety information model, which avoids dead-ends and aimless misrouting. Sufficient simulation results show that the proposed fault-tolerant routing algorithm even outperforms the previous minimal routing algorithm in fault-free networks in many cases.

A 3D Smooth Random Walk Mobility Model for FANETs

Abstract: The number of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) applications has increased over the past few years. Among all scenarios, UAV group consisting multi-UAVs is normally used to provide extensible communications. As a networking solution, Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs) routing with ideal routing performance is the prerequisite of the multi-UAV application. Regarding the high construction cost of devices for FANETs, it is infeasible to build the real experimental environment, hundreds of UAVs are needed. In this case, network simulation is the most common mean to study FANETs in most cases. For FANETs, the mobility of UAV nodes has an important impact on the simulation results. Thus, a mobility model which can fit into specific environments well is necessary. Traditional mobility models of FANETs are mainly designed for planar scenarios without considering the actual application of FANETs which is three-dimensional (3D). Therefore, in this paper, firstly, the characteristics of UAVs is analyzed and then the key points of 3D mobility model for FANETs are presented. In this context, we propose a 3D Smooth Random Walk (3DSRW) mobility model, which intends to mimic the mobility of UAVs to the greatest extent. Then, we conduct simulations to get the network performance of AODV to verify the performance gap between 2D and 3D environment, in order to demonstrate the validity of our proposal. To further present the usage of our proposal, we show the performance of four routing protocols, including AODV, DSDV, OLSR and GPSR under the 3DSRW-constucted 3D environment, and analyzed their applicability in 3D environment.

Evaluation of Parameters Affecting the Performance of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) with a Focus on Energy Efficiency

Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of two classes of routing protocols optimized for MANETs: reactive (DSR, AODV), and proactive (DSDV, OLSR). These protocols are particularly designed for the dynamic nature of MANETs where nodes actively move, connections between nodes are regularly broken, and paths need to be reconstructed. MANETs are used in a wide range of applications including rescue operations, military areas, and oceanography. However, the nodes have limited batteries, and typically, it is not applicable or cost effective to replace the batteries of nodes. Other than the dynamic nature of these networks, which leads to more processing and rerouting requirements, the movements also speed up the batteries’ depletions. Thus, the energy efficiency of routing protocols significantly affects the performance of these networks. In this research, we study the two classes of routing protocols in MANETs, investigate the effect of several parameters on the network performance through excessive simulations, and analyze how the variations of these parameters affect the performance. We evaluate the network performance in terms of energy consumption, routing overhead and Quality of Service metrics including throughput and delay.

A skewed general variable neighborhood search algorithm with fixed threshold for the heterogeneous fleet vehicle routing problem

Abstract: This article considers the heterogeneous fleet vehicle routing problem, as a variant of a well-known transportation problem: the vehicle routing problem. In order to solve this particular routing problem, a variable neighborhood search with a threshold accepting mechanism is developed and implemented. The performance of the algorithm was compared to other algorithms and tested on datasets from the available literature. Computational results show that our proposed algorithm is competitive and generates new best solutions.

Load balancing routing with queue overflow prediction for WSNs

Abstract: The ease of deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) makes them very popular and useful for data collection applications. Nodes often use multihop communication to transmit data to a collector node. The next hop selection in order to reach the final destination is done following a routing policy based on a routing metric. The routing metric value is exchanged via control messages. Control messages transmission frequency can reduce the network bandwidth and affect data transmission. Some approaches like trickle algorithm have been proposed to optimize the network control messages transmission. In this paper, we propose a collaborative load balancing algorithm (CoLBA) with a prediction approach to reduce network overhead. CoLBA is a queuing delay based routing protocol that avoids packet queue overflow and uses a prediction approach to optimize control messages transmission. Simulation results on Cooja simulator show that CoLBA outperforms other existing protocols in terms of delivery ratio and queue overflow while maintaining a similar end-to-end delay.

Analysis and simulation of three MANET routing protocols: A research on AODV, DSR & DSDV characteristics and their performance evaluation

Abstract: Mobile ad-hoc network allows electronic devices to independently configure the communication; even if the device changes its position, the (MANET) can maintain the connectivity among the devices since it has the capability to arrange a temporary network dynamically. The lack of central infrastructure and the freedom of mobile nodes to move randomly will create several problems, like routing and security issues. MANET requires a stable routing algorithm to adapt to the network that changes its topology randomly at any time. Several studies were conducted with different scenarios to suggest the best protocol for routing. However, a clear performance evaluation is still a missing part, because the dissimilarities in the mechanism of the protocol can lead to important performance differences. This article provides a performance assessment of (DSR), (DSDV), and (AODV) protocols. Research results and the evaluation of the network are made based on network size, mobility, and variable network load by using NS2 application for simulation. The results reveal that the (AODV, DSR) are more efficient than DSDV and reasonably more proper for ad-hoc applications and projects.

Usability of Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector Routing Protocol Routes

Abstract: The success of fundamental network tasks of traffic delivery from a source to a destination node is mainly dependent on the efficiency of the routing protocol. In mobile ad hoc networks, the effectiveness of routing protocols is additionally demanding due to the dynamic nature of network nodes. In this paper, we dealt with the exploitation of the routes generated using DSDV bellman-ford routing protocol. Through a total of 3960 network simulations with different topologies, network loads and mobility nodes, various parameters of the DSDV were considered. Our results show that there are a large number of unused routes, and techniques for improving the efficiency of routing and reducing routing overhead can be implemented.

DSDV and AODV Protocols Performance in Internet of Things Environment

Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) devices can be identified and controlled intelligently irrespective of its location, across the world to develop more easiness to human lives. The IoT devices constantly forward a large amount of data towards sink nodes which requires extensive routing. Thus, routing is an important aspect of the IoT. This paper presents a performance analysis of two well-known routing protocols: (a) Destination Sequenced Distance Vector routing (DSDV), and (b) Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector routing (AODV) in the Vehicular Ad hoc network (VANET) based IoT environment. Here, we propose a new scenario in which Constant Bit Rate (CBR) sources increases incrementally and reaches half out of the total nodes whereas the other nodes which are kept stationary decreases exponentially. The total number of nodes in the topology remains constant. The CBR source nodes move with variable speed to different waypoints as destinations at different times. The performance of above- mentioned protocols has been analyzed in our new proposed scenario, keeping in view the TCP Reno and UDP. The comparison among these two routing protocols has been done on the basis of delay, jitter, packet dropped ratio, throughput transferred and generated throughput.

An Investigation on Existing Protocols in MANET

Abstract: Ad hoc networks provides communication without the help of any fixed infrastructure. Due to dynamic topology changes, mobility of nodes and lack of central coordination routing in MANET is a challenging task. In MANET, achieving higher QoS is a hard job, various researchers are working to boost the performance. In this paper, we have done rigorous experiments on existing protocols such as AODV, DSDV, DSR, and AOMDV to expose the performance and QoS using NS2. The parameters that have been considered for experimental analysis are the throughput of the network, delay incurred, and packet delivery ratio (PDR).

Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols in Synchrophasor Communication Networks

Abstract: The modern power system is rapidly growing in terms of its generation, transmission and distribution capabilities, resulting in the realization of smart grid. The most fundamental component of smart grid is the phasor measurement unit (PMU), which monitors the health of the smart grid in real-time and communicates these health metrics to the phasor data concentrator (PDC) which can be viewed as control center for processing. The PMU data contains time synchronized voltage and current phasors, which are referred to as synchrophasor data and which indicates the real-time heath of the grid. The synchrophasor data is communicated to remotely located PDC using synchrophasor communication system (SPCS) for analyzing and further processing to detect anomalies in the smart grid. The synchrophasor data should be communicated to the PDC effectively in real-time with minimum delay and maximum reliability. This paper explores the effect of various network layer routing protocols on the SPCS such as Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocols. The SPCS is designed and implemented using the QualNet5.2 network simulator and the performance is evaluated through the packet delivery ratio (PDR) and average end-to-end delay (ETD).

Infrastructure-aided hybrid routing in CR-VANETs using a Bayesian Model

Abstract: With long delays due to sporadic routing links in cognitive vehicular communications systems, relay node selection is one of the key design factors, as it significantly improves end-to-end delay, thereby improving overall network performance. To this end, we propose infrastructure-aided hybrid routing that uses a roadside unit (RSU) to help vehicular nodes to select idle channels and relay nodes. Channel selection is done with a belief propagation algorithm, which aggregates individual beliefs with the help of vehicles and RSUs to make a final belief, providing high accuracy in hypotheses about spectrum availability. The selection of a relay node is determined by calculating the message delivery time—the source/relay node selects the one that has the minimum message delivery time from among all the neighboring nodes. This is a hybrid (vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-RSU) communications scheme where two nodes can communicate only when they have consensus about a common idle channel. The idea is to combine cognitive capabilities with a routing technique in order to simultaneously overcome spectrum scarcity and network connectivity issues. Therefore, both dense and sparse network conditions are considered in this routing protocol for both highway and city scenarios. To enhance the stability of cognitive routing links, different functions for vehicles and RSUs are considered. We prove better performance in delay, delivery ratio, and overhead by comparing the proposed technique with two existing techniques (one dealing with, and another without, RSUs).

Performance Analysis of AODV, DSDV And DSR in Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET)

Abstract: Vehicular network is a network where vehicles communicate through an ad-hoc network system which run on the basis of some specific ad-hoc routing protocols. The vehicular ad-hoc network consists of two communication parts known as vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) communication and vehicle-to-infrastructure(V2I) communication. Though the roads has become very crowded with a lot of vehicles, it has become a crying need to control the movement of the vehicles. Automated traffic control, critical moment notifications, post accidental notifications, correct route selection has become very important and these can be implemented by using vehicular ad-hoc network system. For the proper communication among vehicles, the vehicular ad-hoc network(VANET) uses some protocols. The AODV, DSDV and DSR are the mostly used protocols. In this paper, a performance study of the above mentioned protocols has been stated by applying them on a specific network for some basic criteria such as throughput, delay, jitter, packet ratio, dropped packet, link-losses etc. This study helps to find the protocol which will satisfy the basic needs of a VANET system.

An improved fuzzy enabled optimal multipath routing for wireless sensor network

Abstract: Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network which is made up of many sensor nodes that interact with each other and with the physical world. Recent advancement in the field of communication networking has led to the development of many sensor platforms that are low-power and cost conservative. The network is made up of numerous sensor nodes, which have to route amongst each other for a data to reach its destination and problems arise when there is failure to forward the messages to the intermediate nodes. Multipath routing helps in establishing multiple paths within source and destination, providing the probability of the data reaching the destination and by sending multiple copies through different paths. The reliability of the path is measured through a fuzzy mechanism with limited rules (FMLR) algorithm to assess how far the path with multiple parameters is reliable and selecting the optimal route between source and destination. Outcome of the study shows that better results are achieved through the proposed bacterial foraging optimization (BFO)-fuzzy method compared to sequenced distance vector (DSDV).

Performance Analysis of TCP Variants Using Routing Protocols of MANET in Grid Topology

Abstract: TCP is a transport layer protocol used for reliable transmission of data packets from one end to other. One of the important functionality of TCP is to control congestion in the network. Congestion can be controlled through the window based mechanism of TCP. TCP comes with many variants Newreno, Vegas and FullTCP (two-way TCP). In this, TCP variants such as Newreno and Vegas including FullTCP protocol is analyzed using ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV), dynamic source routing (DSR) and destination sequenced distance vector (DSDV) routing protocols using grid topology. The simulation result using NS2 shows that performance of FullTCP protocol is better than Newreno and Vegas irrespective routing protocol used.

Simulation and Evaluation of Different Mobility Models in Disaster Scenarios

Abstract: Peoples trapped in the disastrous areas may have chances to survive if they are rescued in seventy two hours. Ad hoc networks are considered more suitable for such scenarios due to infrastructure-less feature. Two different mobility models - Reference group Mobility Model and Disaster Area Model are generally used in such scenario. In this paper, various ad hoc routing protocols such as destination distance vector routing protocol, dynamic source routing protocol, ad hoc on demand routing protocol and ad hoc on demand multipath routing protocol are discussed and analyzed using reference group mobility models and disaster area model. Also these protocols are compared using various performance metrics such as packet delivery ratio, delay, throughput, control overhead, average energy consumed etc.

Comprehensive Study of Routing Protocols in Adhoc Network: MANET

Abstract: Nowadays, communication world is growing rapidly. To communicate, occurrence of nodes are mandatory. Nodes must be those in which capability of sending as well as receiving messages should be there. These nodes may need to behave as sender or receiver, depending upon situation. Sometimes, any node participating in such communication may need to act as intermediate node. It actually means that intermediate node will receive packet that was created by sender node and forward this packet to destination node. This process is actually done as per nature of network. As already shared, communication applications are growing in fast rate. People are looking for different possibilities of communication especially wireless communication. Today’s generation want to have existence of communication possibilities at all the places. This, actually, requirement motivated to the creation of wireless network so that as per need at all maximum places network should be made available and nodes should be capable to communicate. For such reasons, Adhoc network development come into reality. MANET is an example of such category of network in which mobile nodes are allowed to be there and these nodes will establish their own network for message sharing. It means that nodes must be capable to participate in communication with proper synchronization among other nodes, otherwise it will always lead to possibility of loosing data. For the same, these nodes need to have support of routing protocol.

Fundamental Differences Among Vectoring Routing Protocols on Non-Isotonic Metrics

Abstract: All of RIP, EIGRP, BGP, DSDV, and Babel have been classified as distance-vector protocols. The common denomination belies their different outcomes when routing on metrics that do not satisfy the algebraic property of left-isotonicity. Under this circumstance, we show that non-restarting vectoring protocols, such as RIP, EIGRP, and BGP, route correctly, along paths that can be characterized as the best possible subject to a destination-based forwarding strategy; whereas, contrastingly, restarting vectoring protocols, such as DSDV and a mode of operation of Babel, do not route correctly.

A New Routing Scheme for Multi-cluster Flying Ad hoc Networks

Abstract: Recently, the applications of remotely aerial nodes, e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are growing swiftly for numerous civil and military areas by creating flying ad hoc networks (FANETs). Due to increasing number of UAVs and fast changing topology, FANETs require an adaptable, delay-bounded, and reliable communications among UAVs while maintaining the desired network quality of services. Multi-cluster FANETs handle resource scarcity problems and optimizes network performances over single cluster by efficient management of UAVs. In this research, IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol is considered in multi-cluster FANETs for both beacon enabled and beacon-less modes among UAVs communication. Therefore, an efficient routing strategy is presented with two mobility models, e.g., Random Way Point (RWP) and Gauss Markov (GM). In addition, the performance analysis of different network parameters (i.e., jitter, throughput, packet delivery ratio, end to end delay, and normalized routing load), are illustrated for four routing protocols (AODV, DSR, DSDV, and OLSR).

Performance Analysis of MANET Routing Protocols in Urban VANETs

Abstract: Infrastructure-less communications between moving vehicles present emblematic challenges because of high node mobility and link volatility, which may harm the performances of different categories of emerging vehicular applications. In order to move data between vehicles that are not in direct communication range, several distributed routing protocols have been proposed and tested in vehicular networks, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. Some previous works report disagreeing claims about routing protocol performances in similar vehicular scenarios. Therefore, in this work, we evaluate the performances in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), packet delay, frame collision rate, and signaling rate of three well-known routing protocols (AODV, DSDV, and GPSR), simulating them in a realistic Manhattan scenario. Furthermore, we evaluate the impact of typical urban obstacles (e.g. buildings) on the considered performance metrics. We observed that, in the proposed urban scenario, AODV provided the best PDR, GPSR the best packet delay, and DSDV failed to provide satisfactory performances due to signaling-induced congestion. Simulations showed that considering the shadowing effects induced by the buildings in an urban scenario drastically changes the observed performances, i.e. reduces the frame collisions, decreases the PDR, and increases the packet delay.

Simulation and QoS Metrics Comparison of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Networks Using Network Simulator

Abstract: Wireless ad hoc network is a continuously and dynamically self-configuring network, without any pre-existing routing infrastructure. Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is one kind of wireless ad hoc network where the nodes forming a network are mobile in nature. Routing of data packets is a core problem in such networks with time-to-time varying topology. In MANETs, routing techniques are broadly categorized into proactive, reactive, and hybrid. This paper presents the simulation and QoS (Quality of Service) metrics comparison of two basic and most popular routing protocols of each category, that is, DSDV and AODV.

Comparative Study Between Reactive and Proactive Protocols of (MANET) in Terms of Power Consumption and Quality of Service

Abstract: Recently, the lack of independent wireless networks deployment was the main reason not only loosing victims but also diminution of the performance of security forces and first aids services during natural disasters and wars. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) is the technology of choice used in such critical situations where the infrastructure of wireless networks fails to work. MANET relies on its nodes to forward and route packets that gives it a characteristic of an independent network. The independence here means that the network relies on its battery power to achieve its routing. In this research work, we study two types of MANET protocols belonging to different kinds of routing protocol categories; namely reactive protocol and proactive protocol in terms of power consumption and quality of service. More specifically, we are interested on the Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV), Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance-Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocols to investigate QoS and power they consume at different layers, operation modes, routing overhead and MAC load change. In order to achieve the goal of performance study, we choose some scenarios that can be adapted to different MANET contexts; such scenarios carried out when network area size, network density, pause time and mobile node speed are changing. Extensive simulations and results for these scenarios obtained by NS3 simulation software.

Security Extension for Routing Protocols in Ad hoc Mobile Networks: A comparative Study

Abstract: In recent years, individuals and organizations have been using digital services created by digital transformation. With smart mobile devices, there is a lot of enthusiasm for providing users with the ability to shop, communicate, and access to information anytime and from anywhere. The Ad hoc mobile network (MANET) as an important wireless technology can be used to exploit these services. In consideration of the sensitivity of users' data routed through network nodes, secure routing must be the priority of MANET networks. Due to their characteristics such as a dynamic topology, a distributed control system, limited resources and multi-hop communication, these networks are particularly vulnerable to different security threats. This study present the security extensions for some basic routing protocol in MANET networks such as AODV, DSR, and DSDV, and we focus on analyzing the techniques and mechanisms developed to perform security services. Next, we propose an analysis and comparative study of the effectiveness of these extensions to prevent potential routing attacks from malicious nodes.

NCMDSDV: A Neighbor Coverage Multipsth DSDV Routing Protocol for MANETs

Abstract: A mobile ad-hoc network is a set of mobile nodes in which data is transmitted wirelessly amongst all nodes. Due to the mobility of wireless nodes, network topology changes frequently. Consequently, routing protocols used in mobile ad-hoc networks must be adaptive. The routing protocols enabling data transfer within MANETs are classified into reactive, proactive, and hybrid protocols. Proactive routing protocols, such as the Destination Sequenced Distance Vector, are table- driven protocols that use stale paths in case of broken links which causes loss of data in the network. This research study will explore A Neighbor Coverage Multipath DSDV as a potential solution for data loss by finding alternate routes to the destination when a link is broken. Simulations have been carried out for the three routing protocols: DSDV, FSR, and the proposed NCMDSDV. Results showed that the proposed routing protocol has better efficiency compared to DSDV and FSR routing protocols.

Performance Analysis of Routing for Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of static or mobile sensor nodes by selfconfiguring. The nodes get in touch with each other via a special wireless that is utilized to send information between the source and destination nodes. Each sensor node is very cheap and has limited resources such as limited battery power, low bandwidth and so on during the delivery of message from one node to another. In this paper, we used NS-2 to simulate and implemented routing protocols like DSDV protocol, AODV protocol and DSR protocol for many numbers of nodes. We compared network parameters, analyzed and evaluated the performance with comparing the endto-end delay, packet delivery fraction (PDF), throughput and packet loss rate. As the number of nodes increases and the network expands, the performance of the DSDV protocol will decline. When the number of nodes is more than three hundred, the DSDV protocol will lose efficacy.

Evaluating the Effect of Transmission Range (TX) on the Performance of DSDV, AODV and DSR in Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) Traffic Scenarios

Abstract: Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) is an emerging technology that derives from the well-established Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET). VANETs could face a great challenge arising from the dynamic nature of the nodes which occurs due to the frequent change in network topology. In a wireless network, Transmission Range (TX) is an essential part of successful packet delivery. In addition, TX affects network performance by changing the antenna height. If the transmission range is minimized or maximized, that consequently has effects on the network performance such as throughput, packet delivery ratio, the end to end delay and routing load. In this work, various scenarios have constructed to evaluate the effect of transmission range on DSDV, AODV and DSR routing protocol in a VANET highway design using Network Simulator (NS-2).

Artificial Bee Colony for Minimizing the Energy Consumption in Mobile Ad Hoc Network

Abstract: Wireless ad hoc network is widely used nowadays, in particular the mobile type, known as the mobile ad hoc network (MANET). This type of network consists of sets of mobile nodes that do not require a fixed infrastructure such as an access point or base station. The common use of MANET is to enable nodes contacting in the absence of the typical communications infrastructure. Constantly changing topology and having no fixed infrastructures are some of the challenges confronted through a MANET designing. Hence, emphasizing the need to establish an efficient connection inside the network we use for a routing protocol to explore paths among nodes. The guarantee of finding optimum path formation among the nodes is the primary goal of the routing protocol, in order to ensure that messages would be delivered timely. The aim of this paper is to find the best possible route from the source to the destination based on a method inspired by the searching behaviour of bee colonies, i.e. artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. This algorithm works on minimizing the average energy consumption of the selected route. For evaluation purposes, the proposed model has been applied on two protocols, i.e. the Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) and Ad hoc On-demand Distance-Vector (AODV). The evaluation is based on node speed and packet size topology parameters. The results show that the network nodes can save more energy in AODV as compared to DSDV. As such, it can be concluded that optimizing the path from the source to the destination has a significant impact on the quality of the network performance.

Ad-hoc network communication methods and ad-hoc network communication system

Abstract: The invention discloses ad-hoc network communication methods and an ad-hoc network communication system. The ad-hoc network communication system comprises a plurality of wireless nodes for networking,a communication base station and a cloud server. Single-hop information transmission is carried out among the wireless nodes. When the wireless nodes are located in a communication radius range R ofthe communication base station, the wireless nodes in the communication radius range R transmit information to the cloud server wirelessly through utilization of the base station, the information is returned through utilization of the cloud server, and the information is transmitted among the wireless nodes, so ad-hoc network communication is realized. Networking is carried out among the wirelessnodes through adoption of an improved destination sequenced distance vector routing (DSDV) protocol. The main improvement comprises the fact that a conventional destination sequenced distance vector routing (DSDV) protocol is combined with establishment of a multi-tree topology to carry out the networking, and the nodes exchange information with adjacent nodes through utilization of a routing information protocol (RIP). A method comprises the following steps of carrying out initialization; establishing routes among the nodes; and allocating priorities. A route with a higher transmission priority is preferentially selected for data transmission. The networking communication is realized.