Showing papers on "Diaspora published in 1999"

Gatherings in diaspora : religious communities and the new immigration

Abstract: CONTENTS Introduction Immigration and Religious Communities in the United States R. Stephan Warner I Religion and the Negotiation of Identities 1 Becoming American by Becoming Hindu: Indian Americans Take Their Place and the Multicultural Table Prema Kurien 2 From the Rivers of Babylon to the Valleys of Los Angeles: The Exodus and Adaptation of Iranian Jews Shoshanah Feher II Transnational Migrants and Religious Hosts 3 Santa Eulalia's People in Exile: Maya Religion, Culture, and Identity in Los Angeles Nancy J. Wellmeier 4 The Madonna of 115th Street Revisited:L Vodou and Haitian Catholicism in the Age of Transnationalism Elizabeth McAlister III Institutional Adaptations 5 Born Again in East LA: The Congregation as Border Space Luis Leon 6 The House That Rasta Built: Church-Building and Fundamentalism Among New York Rastafarians Randal L. Hepner 7 Structural Adaptations in an Immigrant Muslim Congregation in New York Rogaia Mustafa Abusharaf IV Internal Differentiation 8 Caroling with the Keralites: The Negotiation of Gendered Space in an Indian Immigrant Church Sheba George 9 Competing for the Second Generation: English-Language Ministry at a Korean Protestant Church Karen J. Chai 10 Tenacious Unity in a Contentious Community: Cultural and Religious Dynamics in a Chinese Christian Church Fenggang Yang Conclusion A Reader Among Fieldworkers Judith G. Wittner Project Director's Acknowledgments About the Contributors and Editors Index

Life on the outside : the Tamil diaspora and long distance nationalism

Abstract: History and nationalism semantics of terror migration to Norway fields and boundaries money, marriage and meaning the ethnic interface the nature of tradition from the traditional to the revolutionary between nation and state.

Diaspora interest in homeland investment

Abstract: This paper examines four diaspora communities resident in the United States that were targeted by their homelands as foreign investors during the 1990s. The homelands comprise Armenia, Cuba, Iran, and Palestine. We pose the question: What are the determinants of interest in homeland investment, and can they be generalized across the four communities? The paper explores concepts of ethnic advantage, altruism, homeland orientation, and perceptions of business impediments, as well as investigating the role of demographic factors regarding investment interest.

Afro-Modernity: Temporality, Politics, and the African Diaspora

Abstract: People of African descent have often been depicted as the antithesis of Western modernity and modern subjectivity. There is an ample, if sometimes frustrating, literature written by both Western and non-Western scholars that attests, purposely or not, to this depiction. I am not interested, however, in adding to this vast heap of documentation in an effort to prove or disprove the absolute villainy of the West; nor am I preoccupied with displaying the unqualified humanity of people of African descent. This article seeks to respond to the following question: How and in what ways have African-descended peoples been modern subjects? My interest in the relationship between the discourses, institutions, norms, and practices of modernity and people of African descent has been motivated by the belief that virtually all discussions and literatures pertaining to people of African descent, ranging from black nationalism to Pan-Africanism, to anticolonialism and civil rights, are undergirded by premises of and reactions to some notion or practice of modernity. Whether in the form of the nation-state or universal ideas about human rights, black nationalism, and racial as well as other modes of collective identity have invariably reacted against or innovated upon discourses of modernity. Virtually all transnational black movements of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have utilized ideas about racial selfhood and collective identity, capitalism and socialism, justice and democracy that emerged as the economic, political, normative, religious, and cultural consequences of the epoch in which they lived. Unlike the Middle Ages, wherein neither peasants nor serfs could use

Africana : the encyclopedia of the African and African American experience

Abstract: A landmark in reference publishing, Africana is an incomparable one-volume encyclopedia of the black world - a vital resource for families, students, and educators everywhere Inspired by the dream of the late African American scholar WEB Du Bois and assisted by an eminent advisory board, Harvard scholars Henry Louis Gates, Jr, and Kwame Anthony Appiah have created the first scholarly encyclopedia to take as its scope the entire history of Africa and the African Diaspora This single-volume reference includes more than three thousand articles and over two million words With entries ranging from affirmative action to zydeco, from each of the most prominent ethnic groups in Africa to each member of the Congressional Black Caucus, Africana brings the entire black world into sharp focus Every concise, informative article is referenced to others with the aim of guiding the reader through such wide-ranging topics as the history of slavery; the civil rights movement; African-American literature, music, and art; ancient African civilizations; and the black experience in countries such as France, India, and Russia }Inspired by the dream of the late African American scholar WEB Du Bois and assisted by an eminent advisory board, Harvard scholars Henry Louis Gates, Jr, and Kwame Anthony Appiah have created the first scholarly encyclopedia to take as its scope the entire history of Africa and the African DiasporaBeautifully designed and richly illustrated with over a thousand images - maps, tables, charts, photographs, hundreds of them in full color - this single-volume reference includes more than three thousand articles and over two million words The interplay between text and illustration conveys the richness and sweep of the African and African American experience as no other publication before it Certain to prove invaluable to anyone interested in black history and the influence of African culture on the world today, Africana is a unique testament to the remarkable legacy of a great and varied people With entries ranging from affirmative action to zydeco, from each of the most prominent ethnic groups in Africa to each member of the Congressional Black Caucus, Africana brings the entire black world into sharp focus Every concise, informative article is referenced to others with the aim of guiding the reader through such wide-ranging topics as the history of slavery; the civil rights movement; African-American literature, music, and art; ancient African civilizations; and the black experience in countries such as France, India, and RussiaMore than a book for library reference, Africana will give hours of reading pleasure through its longer, interpretive essays by such notable writers as Stanley Crouch, Gerald Early, Randall Kennedy, and Cornel West These specially commissioned essays give the reader an engaging chronicle of the religion, arts, and cultural life of Africans and of black people in the Old World and the New }

“But a Local Phase of a World Problem”: Black History's Global Vision, 1883–1950

Abstract: As a scholar who owes his formative intellectual training to ethnic studies programs and Third World solidarity movements, I am intrigued by recent discussions of how "globalization" has pushed United States scholars to think beyond the nation-state, develop "transnational" and international approaches, and reconsider "diaspora" as an analytical framework.' Black studies, Chicano/a studies, and Asian American studies were diasporic from their inception, a direct outgrowth of the social movements of the late 1960s and early 1970s that gave birth to those programs. Whether they are speaking of borderlands, migrations, or diasporas, ethnic studies scholars examine the hyphen between places of "origin" and America. My particular intellectual mooring, however, was the black studies department at California State Uni-

Gods of the city: religion and the American urban landscape

Abstract: Introduction: Crossing the City Line Robert A. Orsi 1. Libations on Linoleum: Ecological Dissonance and Vodou Ritual Improvisations between New York and Haiti Karen McCarthy Brown 2. The Hindu Gods in a Split-Level World: The Sri Siva-Vishnu Temple in Suburban Washington, DC Joanne Punzo Waghorne 3. Diaspora Nationalism and Urban Landscape: Cuban Immigrants at a Catholic Shrine in Miami Thomas A. Tweed 4. Altared Spaces: Afro-Cuban Religions and the Urban Landscape in Cuba and the United States David H. Brown 5. Moses of the South Bronx: Aging and Dying in the Old Neighborhood Jack Kugelmass 6. The Religious Boundaries of an In between People: Street Feste and the Problem of the Dark-Skinned Other in Italian Harlem, 1920-1990 Robert A. Orsi 7. Heritage, Ritual, and Translation: SeattleOs Japanese Presbyterian Church Madeline Duntley 8. OWe Go Where the Italians LiveO: Religious Processions as Ethnic and Territorial Markers in a Multiethnic Brooklyn Neighborhood Joseph Sciorra 9. The Stations of the Cross: Christ, Politics, and Processions in New York CityOs Lower East Side Wayne Ashley 10. OThe Cathedral of the Open-AirO: The Salvationist ArmyOs Sacralization of Secular Space, New York City, 1880-1910 Diane Winston

The Otavalo trade diaspora: social capital and transnational entrepreneurship

Abstract: This article examines the role of historical social resources in the development of a transnational trade diaspora of Ecuador's indigenous Otavalan merchants. The Otavalans are well known for their production of handicrafts, using pre-industrial and industrial technologies, and for their far-flung trips in search of foreign buyers. In this account, the role of 'social capital', typically defined as a 'public good', is highlighted to better gauge its usefulness to other migrant and indigenous groups. I conclude that the Otavalo case suggests that in-group 'social capital' is: (a) not sufficient or necessary for 'grass-roots' transnational entrepreneurship; (b) the political origins of an ethnic group's 'trust-worthiness' reveal a more diverse set of symbolic and cultural 'capitals', which may then be used by an emergent merchant class to gain financial capital for a business venture; and (c) 'globalization' notwithstanding, contemporary trade diasporas may rise and fall due to similar causal dynamics found...

Nationalism and ethnicity in a Hindu kingdom : the politics of culture in contemporary Nepal

Abstract: 1. Political Identity in Nepal: State, Nation and Community 2. Identity and Change Among the Gurungs (Tamu-Mai) of Central Nepal 3. Defining Maithil Identity: Who is in Charge? 4. Hinduization: The Experience of the Thulung Rai 5. Being Nepali without Nepal: Reflections on a South Asian Diaspora 6. Changing Concepts and Metaphors of Ethnic Identity Among the Mewahang Rai 7. Vestiges and Visions: Cultural Change in the Process of Nation-Building in Nepal

The african diaspora : toward and ethnography of diasporic identification

Abstract: This article offers an analysis of theoretical models developed around the concept of the African Diaspora. These models either concentrate on essential features common to various peoples of African descent or focus on diaspora as a condition of hybridity characterized by displacement and "dispersed identities." The authors, calling for ethnographic attention to processes of diasporic identification, argue for a shift in focus toward analysis of the processes through which individuals identify with one another as "Black" or "African."

'Heart' and 'Wing', Nation and Diaspora: Gendered discourses in Singapore's regionalisation process

Abstract: In this article the authors offer an analysis of Singapore's state-vaunted 'go-regional' policy as a case study to illustrate the argument that not only are the 'nation-state' and 'diaspora' structurally interdependent and embedded in the discursive frame of each other, but also that the way they interlock is shaped by particular gender ideologies and relations. In the same way as the state articulates nationalism by appealing to men and women as gendered subjects, the appropriation of transnational space as part of the regionalisation drive serves to extend and elaborate 'genderic modes of discourse'. Beyond state discourse, the authors examine individual and family strategies in straddling the gap between 'nation' and 'diaspora', between being at 'home' and 'away'. In arguing that the 'go-regional' policy is a pervasively masculine construction, the authors give specific attention to the way gender divisions of labour are transnationalised and further entrenched, the gendering of diasporic workplaces, a...

Nature and the English Diaspora: Environment and History in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand

Abstract: Part I. Making the Land Familiar: 1. Natural history and the construction of nature 2. Remaking worlds: European models in New Lands Part II. Beyond Conquest: 3. Reaching limits, 1850-1900 4. National nature, part I 5. Changing science, 1880-1930 Part III. Finding Firm Ground: 6. Reaching limits, 1920-40 7. National nature, part II 8. An ecological perspective, 1920-50 Part IV. New Knowledge, New Action: 9. The diffusion of ecology, 1948-67 10. The new world of nature.

The Cult of Pure Crystal Mountain: Popular Pilgrimage and Visionary Landscape in Southeast Tibet

Abstract: The Tibetan district of Tsari with its sacred snow-covered peak of Pure Crystal Mountain has long been a place of symbolic and ritual significance for Tibetan peoples. In this book, Toni Huber provides the first thorough study of a major Tibetan Buddhist pilgrimage center and cult mountain, and explores the esoteric and popular traditions of ritual there. The main focus is on the period of the 1940s and '50s, just prior to the 1959 Lhasa uprising and subsequent Tibetan diaspora into South Asia. Huber's work thus documents Tibetan life patterns and cultural traditions which have largely disappeared with the advent of Chinese colonial modernity in Tibet. In addition to the work's documentary content, Huber offers discussion and analysis of the construction and meaning of Tibetan cultural categories of space, place, and person, and the practice of ritual and organization of traditional society in relation to them.

Globalization and trinidad carnival: diaspora, hybridity and identity in global culture

Abstract: This article is premised on the view that culturally, the periphery is greatly influenced by the society of the centre, but the reverse is also the case. This is a case study of the impact and implications for global culture of periphery-to-centre cultural flows. It is argued that the Trinidad carnival and the overseas Caribbean carnivals (e.g. Notting Hill, London; Caribana, Toronto; Labour Day, New York) are products of and responses to the processes of globalization as wellas transcultural and transnational formations. Carnival is theorized as a hybrid site for the ritual negotiation of cultural identity and practice by the Caribbean diaspora.

The Scent of Memory: Strangers, Our Own, and Others:

Abstract: Using, as a point of departure, Tim Lott's recent autobiography where he attempts to make sense of his mother's suicide of 1988 through a reconstruction of his family genealogy, this article tries to map the production of gendered, classed, and racialized subjects and subjectivity in west London. It addresses the tension between Lott's discourse of his own white working-class boyhood during the 1970s where questions of ‘race’ are all but absent, and the racialized ‘commonsense’ that pervades the interviews with other local white contemporaries of Lott and his parents. These narratives are analysed in relation to the socio-economic context and the political activism of the period. Theoretically, it analyses the ‘diaspora space’ of London/Britain, interrogating essentialist ‘origin stories’ of belonging; reaching out to a glimmer on the horizon of emerging non-identical formations of kinship across boundaries of class, racism, and ethnicity; and exploring the purchase of certain South Asian terms – ‘ajnabi’, ‘ghair’, and ‘apna/apni’ – in constructing a nonbinarized understanding of identification across ‘difference’.

Diaspora and Visual Culture: Representing Africans and Jews

Abstract: This is the first book to examine the connections between diaspora - the movement, whether forced or voluntary, of a nation or group of people from one homeland to another - and its representations in visual culture. Two foundational articles by Stuart Hall and the painter R.B. Kitaj provide points of departure for an exploration of the meanings of diaspora for cultural identity and artistic practice. A distinguished group of contributors, who include Alan Sinfield, Irit Rogoff, and Eunice Lipton, address the rich complexity of diasporic cultures and art, but with a focus on the visual culture of the Jewish and African diasporas. Individual articles address the Jewish diaspora and visual culture from the 19th century to the present, and work by African American and Afro-Brazilian artists.

The origins of human society

Abstract: List of Figures and Tables. Series Editor's Preface. Preface. A Note on Dating. 1. The Gateway to Human Prehistory. 2. The Earliest Human Societies. 3. The Human Diaspora. 4. After the Ice Age. 5. Seeds for Civilization. 6. Pathways to Inequality. 7. Elites and Commoners. 8. Early States and Chiefdoms in the Shadow of States. Bibliography. Index.

Migration and the Origins of the English Atlantic World

Abstract: Introduction 1. Clearinghouse and Countinghouse: London and Overseas Expansion 2. The Colonial Travelers of 1635 3. Life, Death, and Labor in an Unsettled Land 4. The Trappings of Success in Three Plantation Colonies 5. Piety and Protest in the Puritan Diaspora 6. Persistence and Migration in Old and New England 7. Migration and the Atlantic World Appendix: Calculating Travelers Appendix: Supplementary Tables Notes Archival Sources Index

Spaces Of Their Own: Women’s Public Sphere in Transnational China

Abstract: How are the public and political lives of Chinese women constrained by states and economies? And how have pockets of women's consciousness come to be produced in and disseminated from this traditionally masculine milieu? The essays in this volume examine the possibilities for a public sphere for Chinese women, one that would both emerge from concrete historical situations and local contexts and cut across the political boundaries separating the Mainland, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the West.The challenges of this project are taken up in essays on the legacy of state feminism on the Mainland as contrasted with a grassroots women's movement challenging the state in Taiwan; on the role of the capitalist consumer economy in the emerging lesbian movement in Taiwan; and on the increased trafficking of women as brides, prostitutes, and mistresses between the Mainland and wealthy male patrons in Taiwan and Hong Kong. The writers' examples of masculine domination in the media include the reformulation of Chinese women in Fifth Generation films for a transnational Western male film audience and the portrayal of Mainland women in Taiwanese and Hong Kong media. The contributors also consider male nationalism as it is revealed through both international sports coverage on television and in a Chinese television drama. Other works examine a women's museum, a telephone hotline in Beijing, the films of Hong Kong filmmaker Ann Hui, the transnational contacts of a Taiwanese feminist organization, the diaspora of Mainland women writers, and the differences between Chinese and Western feminist themes.

Marketing the American creed abroad : diasporas in the U.S. and thier homelands

Abstract: 1. US diasporas in the era of transnationalism 2. US ethnic diasporas in the struggle for democracy and self-determination 3. Arab-American identity and new transnational challenges 4. Transnational influences on ethnoracial relations in the US: the case of Black/Jewish disputes 5. 'Go but do not forget me': Mexico, the Mexican diaspora and US-Mexican relations 6. Conclusion: diasporas and the American national interest.

Imperialism, Race and Resistance: Africa and Britain, 1919-1945

Abstract: List of illustrations. Preface. Acknowledgements. Abbreviations. Introduction: why imperialism, race and resistance? 1. Africa after the First World War: race and imperialism redefined? West Africa. 2. Britain's imperial hinterland: colonialism in West Africa 3. Expatriate society: race, gender and the culture of imperialism 4. 'Whose dream was it anyway?' Anti-colonial protest in West Africa, 1929-45 South Africa. 5. Forging the racist state: imperialism, race and labour in Britain's 'white dominion' 6. 'Knocking on the white man's door': repression and resistance 7.'Fighting for the underdog': British liberals and the South African 'native question' Britain. 8. Into the heart of empire: black Britain 9. Into the heart of empire: the 'race problem' 10. The winds of change : towards a new imperialism in Africa? Retrospective: Africa and the African diaspora in a 'post-imperial' world Notes and references. Bibliography. Index.

The State of Culture Theory in the Anthropology of Southeast Asia

Abstract: ▪ Abstract Southeast Asia is probably the part of the world most closely associated by anthropologists with an interpretive concept of culture. Yet do such ideas as culture areas or local cultures retain their analytical salience when our attention turns to processes of domination, displacement, and diaspora? This article considers the state of culture theory in the anthropology of Southeast Asia today, focusing on the themes of gender, marginality, violence, and the state. Culture is increasingly viewed as an attribute of the state—an object of state policy, an ideological zone for the exercise of state power, or literally a creation of the state—whereas the state itself is comprehended in ways analogous to totalizing models of culture.

Sociocultural Perspectives on Language Change in Diaspora: Soviet immigrants in the United States

Abstract: This book is a sociolinguistic examination of the Russian speech of the American “Third Wave”, the migration from the Soviet Union which began in the early 1970s under the policy of detente. Within the framework of bilingualism and language contact studies, it examines developments in emigre Russian with reference to the late Cold-War period which shaped them and the post-Soviet era of today. The book addresses matters of interest not only to Russianists, but to linguists of various theoretical persuasions and to sociologists, anthropologists and cultural historians working on a range of related topics. No knowledge of the Russian language is assumed on the part of the reader, and all linguistics examples are presented in standard transliteration and fully explicated.

Transnational politics and the politics of the Russian diaspora

Abstract: This article sketches out a conceptual framework for exploring the diasporic politics of the Russians in the post-Soviet borderlands. Specific consideration is given to the Russians within Estonia and Latvia, the only two postSoviet states not to grant automatic citizenship to all those resident within their sovereign spaces in 1991. The essay not only examines the Russians in relation to the homeland regimes or nationalizing states in which they are located but also looks at the role of transnational political actors- specifically, the state patron (Russia) and Western transnational political institutions (notably the OSCE)- in shaping diasporic politics. It is argued that by examining the relationships among 'the ethnic patron', 'the West' and 'nationalizing state', we are better placed to understand the ways in which the differing representations of homeland by the Russian minorities themselves are being reconstituted as part of a diverse and unravelling community of identity politics, limited politica...

Away from Home: Iranian Women, Displacement Cultural Resistance and Change*

Abstract: This article discusses the gender character of displacement. Using the example of the Iranian female diaspora, it argues that women’s experience of displacement is relatively more positive than tha...

From the Nation-State to the Transnational World: On the Meaning and Usefulness of Diaspora as a Concept

Abstract: I read Khachig Tololyan's article when it first appeared in Diaspora in 1996, but, as I was working on an altogether different subject at the time, I forgot about it. I wrote the main argument of the following article before rereading his work and therefore independently of it. I was afterwards struck by the numerous points of convergence between the analysis proposed by an American man of diasporic Armenian descent, trained in literature, and that which I put forth here as a French woman from a partly Jewish (and highly assimilated) tradition, trained in sociology. I am particularly sensitive to the national character of intellectual traditions (Schnapper, La relation ), so I note with pleasure that beyond these traditions, the convergences between intellectuals from diverse horizons also sometimes point out that truth is one and error multiple. Though taking Tololyan's article into account, I did not alter my own argument. I hope I have avoided, as he did, "the mix of scholarship and policy" that characterizes too much of the discourse on diaspora.

New ethnicities, old racisms?

Abstract: * Foreword: Stuart Hall * Introduction - Phil Cohen. * Part I: Beyond the Postcolonial ** 1. Occidentalism and its Discontents - Couze Venn. ** 2. Old Whine, New Vassals: Are Diaspora and Hybridity Postmodern Inventions? - Jayne Ifekwunigwe. ** 3. Discrepant Multiculturalisms and Political Ethnicities - Barnor Hesse. * Part II: Writing Other Histories ** 4. In Darkest England: The Poor, The Crowd and Race in the 19th Century Metropolis - John Marriott. ** 5. Shylock and Victorian Antisemitism - Linda Rozmovits. ** 6. Reina Lewis - Writing the Racialised Self: Ottoman Woman and Western Feminism. * Part III: Local/Global Identities ** 7. Europe's 'Civilising Mission': Samuel Huntingdon's Clash with the 'Third World' - Phil Marfleet. ** 8. As If Being a Refugee isn't Hard Enough - Alice Bloch. ** 9. Juan the Homeless - Patricia Tuitt. * Part IV: Cultural Politics Against Racism ** 10. Anyone for Cricket? - Ian MacDonald and Usha Shardar. ** 11. Race,Violence and the Public Realm - Les Back. ** 12. Tricks of the Trade: Teaching Art in Multicultural Education - Phil Cohen.