Showing papers on "Distilled water published in 1975"
TL;DR: In this paper, the solubilities of a number of alkylbenzenes were measured in distilled water and seawater at 25.OoC. Saturation was achieved by equilibrating water with aromatic hydrocarbon vapor at the equilibrium vapor pressure of the alkylsbenzene involved.
Abstract: The solubilities of a number of alkylbenzenes are measured in distilled water and seawater at 25.OoC. Saturation is achieved by equilibrating water with aromatic hydrocarbon vapor at the equilibrium vapor pressure of the alkylbenzene involved. Results indicate that for monosubstituted alkylbenzenes, the size of the alkyl substituent is important in determining the solubility, whereas for polysubstituted alkylbenzenes, the positions of the substituents on the benzene ring are also important.
110 citations
TL;DR: The amount of radioactivity indicated that the initial rate of Cd uptake by these organisms was faster in hard water than in soft water; however, the total concentration of CD was greater in those organisms cultured in softWater than those in hardWater.
50 citations
TL;DR: Observations suggest that fluoride in concentrations as low as 5 ppm interferes to some extent with the intracellular metabolism of the excretory system.
Abstract: Morphological and cytochemical studies on the squirrel monkey have been made after maintaining the subjects on pure distilled water and fluoridated distilled water for 18 months with the objective of determining the effect of fluoride on the activity of some hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in the kidney, liver and nervous system. Daily water intake by individual animals was measured over the final 10 months of the animal's exposure to 0,1 and 5 ppm fluoride. Water consumption was considerably higher in the animals on higher fluoride intake. Whereas the nervous system remained totally unaffected by this experimental procedure, the liver showed a slightly enhanced activity of Krebs citric acid cycle enzymes. The kidneys, however, showed significant cytochemical changes, especially in the animals on 5 ppm fluoride intake in their drinking water. In these animals, the glomeruli showed an increase in the activity of acid phosphatase and the enzymes belonging to the citric acid cycle and the pentose shunt, whereas lactate dehydrogenase, a representative of the anaerobic glycolytic pathway, remained unchanged or only slightly changed. These observations suggest that fluoride in concentrations as low as 5 ppm interferes to some extent with the intracellular metabolism of the excretory system.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the presence of solid amorphous alumina with solid silica in the same solutions causes the final concentrations of dissolved silica to be lower than those attained by solid alumina.
25 citations
TL;DR: The system was found to eliminate bacterial contaminants introduced into the still with the feed water, but the reservoir, once contaminated, remained contaminated during prolonged recycle, and after a single treatment with free chlorine, the entire system remained uncontaminated until accidental or purposeful shutdown.
Abstract: A prototype distillation and storage system with recycle for producing ultrapure water was monitored for bacteriological contamination during a period of 24 months. Naturally occurring Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. cepacia were found to grow rapidly to levels of about 105/ml in water taken from the storage reservoir and also in commercially prepared distilled water. The system was found to eliminate bacterial contaminants introduced into the still with the feed water, but the reservoir, once contaminated, remained contaminated during prolonged recycle. After a single treatment with free chlorine, the entire system remained uncontaminated until accidental or purposeful shutdown.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical model of the behavior of substances having low water-solubility is presented and discussed with respect to aqueous bioassay and its implications with regard to bioassays are discussed.
24 citations
TL;DR: Galvanic corrosion of the A1 alloys 1100, 2024, 2219, 6061 and 7075 coupled to Cu, stainless steel 304L, Ti-6A1-4V, 4130 steel or zinc has been studied in 3·5% MaCl, tapwater and distilled water using electrochemical and weight loss data as discussed by the authors.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the acidity of Orange Pippin apples stored in air at 2.8-4.4°C, removed at intervals and extracted with either distilled water or 75% ethanol.
Abstract: Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium were measured in residues of samples of Cox's Orange Pippin apples stored in air at 2.8-4.4°C, removed at intervals and extracted with either distilled water or 75% ethanol. Little potassium was left in the residue after extraction with water, but 15% remained after extraction with ethanol. More phosphorus (85%) was extracted by ethanol than by water. Calcium and magnesium became less soluble during storage. Higher proportions of calcium and magnesium were removed by water than by ethanol initially but, whereas these differences between solvents remained fairly constant for calcium, those for magnesium decreased. When decreases in proportions of soluble calcium and magnesium were small little bitter pit and no breakdown developed in the fruit. Little change in the proportions of mineral constituents, other than phosphorus occurred whilst the fruit was on the tree during the 6 weeks before harvest. Proportions of phosphorus remaining in the residues after extraction with either solvent diminished, especially during the 3 weeks before harvest when apples had been sprayed with calcium nitrate. Otherwise orchard treatments had little effect on the proportions of mineral constituents that could be extracted. Although symptoms developed when the proportion of calcium insoluble in water rose above 40% of the total, some increases in susceptibility to bitter pit caused by orchard treatment or storage conditions were not associated with differences in insoluble calcium.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a mixture of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used for ball-milling in the presence of phenothiazine, acridine, chloranil and vitamin K3.
Abstract: Phenothiazine, acridine, chloranil and vitamin K3 were ball-milled in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and the variation of the solubility and the dissolution rate of them in distilled water was investigated. Solubility of these substances in distilled water increased remarkably by ball-milling in the presence of PVP. An increase of the solubility of phenothiazine and acridine was mainly contributed to a decrease of molecular wight of PVP by ball-milling. But an increase of the solubility of chloranil and vitamin K3 was contributed to the interaction of them with PVP caused by ball-milling. The dissolution rate of these four substances in distilled water from the mixture with PVP increased remarkably by ball-milling. The signals of phenothiazine and acridine in the X-ray diffraction diagrams of the mixture with PVP disappeared by ball-milling, and the similar tendency was also observed in case of vitamin K3. On the contrary, new signals were observed in the diagrams of the mixture of PVP and chloranil by ball-milling. It was considered that the four substances dispersed in the solid particles of PVP in fine particles by ball-milling, which caused an increase of the solubility and the dissolution rate of them in distilled water and the change in the crystalline structure of them.
14 citations
TL;DR: Water content and ionic composition were determined on erythrocytes from toads which were adapted to either distilled water or NaCl solution of 400 mOsm/kg H 2 O and the possible role of urea in this process is stressed.
13 citations
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, two options exist for performance of this electrolysis: total desalinization to remove all impurities and produce essentially distilled water, and then the distilled water can then be subjected to electrolysis in conventional, alkaline electrolyte, electrolysis cells.
Abstract: In implementation of the hydrogen economy, the electrolysis of sea water as the source of hydrogen has been discussed. Two options exist for performance of this electrolysis. The first option is to subject the water to total desalinization to remove all impurities and produce essentially distilled water. This distilled water can then be subjected to electrolysis in conventional, alkaline electrolyte, electrolysis cells. The disadvantages of this approach are the capital costs of the water purification equipment and the environmental problem arising from the need to dispose of the residual salts removed during desalinization. The advantages are the ability to use developed technology.
TL;DR: It is suggested that a mosaic structure, where each domain has different functions against various chemical stimuli, is formed on the surface of the model membrane made of the total lipids.
Abstract: Variations in the membrane potential across model membranes made of Millipore filter paper and various single phospholipids were measured in response to salt, acid and distilled water. The phospholipids used were phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS). Results were compared with those obtained with the model membrane made of the total lipids extracted from bovine tongue epithelium, which simulated well the receptor potential observed with intact taste organs. The membrane potential of PE-and PS-membranes increased monotonously with increase of the concentration of 1:1 type salts, while that of PC-and SM-membranes exhibited no appreciable change in 1:1 salt solutions. Application of CaCl2 to the membranes brought about a variety of responses depending on the species of lipids used. PE- and PS-membranes showed a larger change in the membrane potential than PC- and SM-membranes when pH of the solution was varied. Fe3+ was strongly adsorbed on the surface of PC-and SM-membranes, while Fe3+ bound to PE- and PS-membranes was easily removed by an application of salt solution. A transient increase in the membrane potential was observed when distilled water was applied to the membrane adapted to an appropriate salt solution, which was similar to the water response observed in taste cells. PC- and SM-membranes responded to water when the membrane adapted to either NaCl or CaCl2, but PS-membrane responded only when the membrane was adapted to a solution containing CaCl2. PE-membrane did not respond to water in any cases examined. The membrane prepared with a mixture of two species of phospholipids responded neither to salt nor to water, while the membranes prepared with the total lipids or a mixture of three species of lipids in appropriate ratio responded to both. The water response of the total lipids membrane vanished in a high temperature medium, while the water response of PC-membrane retained in all temperature ranges examined, i.e. between 20° and 62°C. The results obtained suggest that a mosaic structure, where each domain has different functions against various chemical stimuli, is formed on the surface of the model membrane made of the total lipids.
TL;DR: Galvanic interaction of stainless steel 304L, Ni 270, Cu, Ti-6AI-4V, Sn, 4130 steel, Cd, and Zn has been studied in 3.5% NaCl using galvanic current and weight loss measurements in 24-hour tests as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Galvanic interaction of stainless steel 304L, Ni 270, Cu, Ti-6AI-4V, Sn, 4130 steel, Cd, and Zn has been studied in 3.5% NaCl using galvanic current and weight loss measurements in 24-hour tests. Galvanic couples of 4130 steel and one of the Al alloys 1100, 2024, 2213, 6061, and 7075 have also been evaluated in tap water and distilled water. Galvanic current data can be used to assess both the effect of different dissimilar cathode materials as well as the relative susceptibility to galvanic corrosion of anode materials. For 3.5% NaCl, it has been found that the effect of the cathode material decreases in the order Cu > Ni > stainless steel >Ti-6Al-4V, while the relative susceptibility of anode materials decreases in the order Sn > Zn > 4130 steel > Cd. An analysis of data in various electrolytes shows that coupling of 4130 steel to Al alloys leads to cathodic protection of the steel in 3.5% NaCl, but to accelerated corrosion in tap water and distilled water.
TL;DR: A modification of this method designed to overmme this difficulty is described, as originally adopted for use with brain tissue by Mulligan, the intense black staining of gray matter is too dark for plastic embedded specimens.
Abstract: As a macroscopic stain for gross brain sections to be embedded in plastic, tannic acid-iron alum is superior to the generally recommended LeMasurier's variation of the Berlin blue technique because of its greater permanency in plastic. However, as originally adopted for use with brain tissue by Mulligan, the intense black staining of gray matter is too dark for plastic embedded specimens. A modification of this method designed to overmme this difficulty is described. Staining procedure: Wash formalin-fixed brain slices overnight in running water. Wash in distilled water, 2 changes, 30 minutes each. Place slices individually in Mulligan's solution at a temperature of 60-65 C for 4 minutes. Rinse in ice water for 10 seconds. Mordant in 0.4% tannic acid in distilled water for 1 minute. Wash in running tap water for 1 minute. Develop in 0.08% ferric ammonium sulfate in distilled water until gray matter is light gray, about 10-15 seconds. Wash in lukewarm running water for 1 hour, then gently hand-rub whitish ...
TL;DR: Treatment of human enamel powder with cyclic trimetaphosphate or linear tripolyphosphate changes subsequent adsorption of amylase, lysozyme, and salivary protein from aqueous solutions.
Abstract: Treatment of human enamel powder with cyclic trimetaphosphate or linear tripolyphosphate changes subsequent adsorption of amylase, lysozyme, and salivary protein from aqueous solutions. Treated enamel samples adsorb more lysozyme, less amylase, and more salivary protein (at concentrations exceeding 12 μg/ml) than controls treated with distilled water.
TL;DR: In this article, the surface tension of water samples of various degrees of purity were measured at 100°C using the Wilhelmy slide method and it was concluded that the accepted value at 100 °C for water should be increased by ∼ 2.5%.
TL;DR: This chapter describes the preparation, purification, and crystallization of L-Rhamnulose 1-phosphate, aldolase, which may be prepared by using two mutant strains of Escherichia coli using two mutants isolated used in the preparation described.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes the preparation, purification, and crystallization of L-Rhamnulose 1-phosphate. L-Rhamnulose 1-phosphate may be prepared by using two mutant strains of Escherichia coli. E. coli K12 HfrP72 is grown overnight with shaking at 37° in Difco nutrient broth to the stationary phase. The mutagen N-methyl-N-nitroso-N'-nitroguanidine is added to a final concentration of 80 μg/ml, and the culture is held without shaking at 37° for 1 hr. L-Rhamnulose 1-phosphate aldolase is detected, after removal of nucleoproteins with MnCl2, with a coupled assay system. Two such mutants isolated used in the preparation described are: Rha-58 (kinaseless) and Rha-54 (aldolaseless). They are maintained on nutrient agar slants. The preparation of L-Rhamnulose is discussed. In the preparation of L-Rhamnulose1-phosphate, cells of the E. coli strain Rha -54 from 10 liters of culture medium are suspended in 75 ml of 20 mM potassium-phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, and disrupted in the French pressure cell. The supernatant fluid is concentrated to about 12 ml at 37° and chromatographed on a Sephadex G-10 column prepared and eluted with distilled water. Fractions containing L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate, detected by paper chromatography in butanone:acetic acid:water (15:5:2 v/v/v) followed by molybdic acid spray, are pooled and concentrated at 37°. L-Rhamnulose 1-phosphate, located by spraying a guide strip, is eluted from the paper with water, concentrated, rechromatographed in the same way, eluted with water, and concentrated at 37° to 10 ml. The preparation of crystalline dicyclohexylammonium salt of L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate is also discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, raw milk samples were diluted with distilled water or distilled water with added phosphate buffer as recommended by Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products, and the standard plate counts were higher in diluent without phosphate buffer with both high and low count milk.
Abstract: Raw milk samples were diluted with distilled water or distilled water with added phosphate buffer as recommended by Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products. The standard plate counts were higher in diluent without phosphate buffer with both high and low count milk. The higher counts were significant when analyzed by a nonparametric sign test or a t-test of differences but were not significant with an analysis of variance technique. Reproducibility was not statistically different in the two diluents. It is suggested that the use of phosphate buffer for raw milk bacteria counts be discontinued until information showing definite advantages is provided.
TL;DR: The surfactants used were dibutyl ester of sodium sulphosuccenic acid (BSS), sodium salt of secondary alkyl sulfate containing seventeen carbon atoms (SAS), sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), and alkyyl phenyl ether of polyethylene glycol (Triton X-100) as mentioned in this paper.
Patent•
11 Dec 1975
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe an appt. for distilling water, partic. of medical and/or dispensing purposes and comprising in known manner an evaporating vessel (I), an electrical heater, a cooler (II) and a fractionating layer (III) of large surface fitted between (I) and (II).
Abstract: In an appts. for distilling water, partic. of medical and/or dispensing purposes and comprising in known manner an evaporating vessel (I), an electrical heater, a cooler (II) and a fractionating layer (III) of large surface fitted between (I) and (II), the improvement whereby (I) and (III) and if desired (II) consist of PTFE or a material coated with pore-free PTFE. Provides a purer and sterile distilled water since the PTFE or coating thereof prevent entrainment of raw water with condensate film on the interior of the evaporating vessel, while entrainment by explosive boiling is prevented by low power PTFE coated heaters. In addition lime or similar hard water scale will not adhere so that cleaning of the evaporator is easy.
01 Sep 1975
TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of hydrazine, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (known also as unsymmetrical dimethylhydrasine, UDMH), Aerozine-50, and monomethylhydrazines (MMH) in hard and soft water was studied prior to evaluating their effects on aquatic organisms.
Abstract: : The behavior of hydrazine, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (known also as unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, UDMH), Aerozine-50, and monomethylhydrazine (MMH) in hard and soft water was studied prior to evaluating their effects on aquatic organisms. Hard and soft water propellant solutions were examined over a 96-hour period for changes in physical characteristics, phenolphthalein and total alkalinity, pH, specific conductance, EDTA hardness, and dissolved oxygen (DO). All four compounds at low concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 mg/l) had no effect on these variables, but at 100 mg/l produced changes that were significantly different between hard and soft water, indicating an appreciable amount of coordination of hydrazine compounds with calcium and other hard water ions. The oxygen level was reduced by all four compounds at 100 mg/l usually within the first day; in one detailed study, hydrazine in hard water caused the greatest drop in DO at 5 to 13 hours of exposure. In general, the propellant effects were not of a magnitude to preclude conducting acute toxicity tests in an open static bioassay.
06 May 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, the corrosion behavior of a 6061 aluminum alloy-Thornel 50 graphite composite has been examined in both distilled water and 3.5% NaCl solution at three temperatures: 298K (25C), 323K (50C), and 348K (75C).
Abstract: : The corrosion behavior of a 6061 aluminum alloy-Thornel 50 graphite composite has been examined in both distilled water and 3.5% NaCl solution at three temperatures: 298K (25C), 323K (50C), and 348K (75C). The corrosion rate was determined by the weight change and was monitored for times up to 1000 hr. The corrosion rates were maximum immediately after the initial immersion and decreased with increasing time of exposure. The NaCl solution was far more corrosive than the distilled water, and increasing the temperature resulted in an increased corrosion rate. The mode of attack appears to be crevice corrosion promoted by galvanic coupling between the aluminum matrix and graphite fibers.
15 Dec 1975
TL;DR: In this article, the ability to monitor corrosion and stress-corrosion cracking of uranium 4.5-weight percent niobium was investigated using smooth fourpoint bend specimens, which were immersed in oxygen-saturated water containing chloride ions.
Abstract: The ability to monitor corrosion and stress-corrosion cracking of uranium 4.5-weight percent niobium was investigated. The acoustic emissions from stress-corrosion cracking were monitored using smooth four-point bend specimens, which were immersed in oxygen-saturated water containing chloride ions. The acoustic emissions from corrosion were monitored from rectangular corrosion coupons. These latter specimens were exposed to nitrogen-saturated and oxygen- saturated solutions of distilled water and distilled water with chloride ions. Dilute solutions of hydrochloric acid were also used. Findings show that stress- corrosion crack monitoring of the alloy was successful. Corrosion monitoring of the alloy showed a direct correlation between corrosion rate (based on weight loss) and total acoustic emissions. For a specific range, one can calculate the corrosion rate of uranium alloys in a corrosive solution from the total acoustic emissions generated. Studies to determine the source of corrosion-induced acoustic emissions were inconclusive.
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: It is suggested that a mosaic structure, where each domain has different functions against various chemical stimuli, is formed on the surface of the model membrane made of the total lipids.
Abstract: Summary. Variations in the membrane potential across model membranes made of Millipore filter paper and various single phospholipids were measured in response to salt, acid and distilled water. The phospholipids used were phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS). Results were compared with those obtained with the model membrane made of the total lipids extracted from bovine tongue epithelium, which simulated well the receptor potential observed with intact taste organs. The membrane potential of PE- and PS-membranes increased monotonously with increase of the concentration of 1 : 1 type salts, while that of PC- and SM-membranes exhibited no appreciable change in 1 : 1 salt solutions. Application of CaCl~ to the membranes brought about a 'variety of responses depending on the species of lipids used. PE- and PSmembranes showed a larger change in the membrane potential than PC- and SM-membranes when pH of the solution was varied. Fe 3 + was strongly adsorbed on the surface of PCand SM-membranes, while Fe 3 § bound to PE- and PS-membranes was easily removed by an application of salt solution. A transient increase in the membrane potential was observed when distilled water was applied to the membrane adapted to an appropriate salt solution, which was similar to the water response observed in taste cells. PC- and SMmembranes responded to water when the membrane adapted to either NaC1 or CaC12, but PS-membrane responded only when the membrane was adapted to a solution containing CaCI2. PE-membrane did not respond to water in any cases examined. The membrane prepared with a mixture of two species of phospholipids responded neither to salt nor to water, while the membranes prepared with the total lipids or a mixture of three species of lipids in appropriate ratio responded to both. The water response of the total lipids membrane vanished in a high temperature medium, while the water response of PC-membrane retained in all temperature ranges examined, i.e. between 20 ~ and 62 ~ The results obtained suggest that a mosaic structure, where each domain has different functions against various chemical stimuli, is formed on the surface of the model membrane made of the total lipids.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a 1-ml sample of water containing 0-1 /ig/ml of boron and diluted it with distilled water so that the final concentration was near the desired level.
Abstract: reagent followed by 0.30 ml of concentrate ed H2S04, swirl and allow reaction to take place for 15 min. (Order of addition is important). Dilute the concentrate to 25-ml volume with ethanol(25 ml of ethanol is adequate to deprotonate the curcumin). 2. Absorbance. Read the absorbance versus a reagent blank at 550 nm. Color is stable for 20 min. The calibration curve is linear from 0to l-^tg boron. (See Fig. 1.). 3. Sample analysis. For waters containing 0-1 /ig/ml of boron, use 1-ml sample. If greater concentrations of boron are present, dilute with boron-free distilled water so that final concentration is near
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the second-cycle radioactive liquid wastes from a Purex process were processed with blown asphalt (manufactured by Kukdong Shell Oil Company Ltd) to eliminate the possibility that the radioactive materials will be redispersed into the environment.