Showing papers on "Diversity (politics) published in 1991"

Affirming Diversity: The Sociopolitical Context of Multicultural Education

Abstract: Introduction Part One - Setting the Stage: Multicultural Education within a Sociopolitical Context 1 Understanding the Sociopolitical Context of Multicultural Education 2 About Terminology 3 Multicultural Education and School Reform Part Two - Developing a Conceptual Framework for Multicultural Education 4 Racism, Discrimination, and Expectations of Students' Achievement Chapter 4 Case Studies: Linda Howard, Rashaud Kates, Vanessa Mattison 5 Structural and Organizational Issues in Schools Chapter 5 Case Studies: Avi Abramson, Fern Sherman 6 Culture, Identity, and Learning Chapter 6 Case Studies: Yahaira Leon, James Karam, Hoang Vinh, Rebecca Florentina 7 Linguistic Diversity in U.S. Classrooms Chapter 7 Case Studies: Manuel Gomes, Alicia Montejo 8 Toward an Understanding of School Achievement Chapter 8 Case Studies: Paul Chavez, Latrell Elton Part Three - Implications of Diversity for Teaching and Learning in a Multicultural Society 9 Learning From Students Chapter 9 Case Studies: Nadia Bara, Savoun Nouch, Christina Kamau 10 Adapting the Curriculum for Multicultural Classrooms 11 Affirming Diversity: Implications for Teachers, Schools, and Families

Managing cultural diversity: implications for organizational competitiveness

Abstract: Executive Overview The recent business trends of globalization and increasing ethnic and gender diversity are turning managers' attention to the management of cultural differences. The management literature has suggested that organizations should value diversity to enhance organizational effectiveness. However, the specific link between managing diversity and organizational competitiveness is rarely made explicit and no article has reviewed actual research data supporting such a link. This article reviews arguments and research data on how managing diversity can create a competitive advantage. We address cost, attraction of human resources, marketing success, creativity and innovation, problem-solving quality, and organizational flexibility as six dimensions of business performance directly impacted by the management of cultural diversity. We then offer suggestions for improving organizational capability to manage this diversity.

Cultural Complexity: Studies in the Social Organization of Meaning

Abstract: A rich, witty, and accessible introduction to the anthropology of contemporary cultures,Cultural Complexity emphasizes that culture is organized in terms of states, markets, and movements. Hannerz pays special attention to the interplay between the centralizing agencies of culture, such as schools and media, and the decentering diversity of subcultures, and considers the special role of cities as the centers of cultural growth. Hannerz discusses cultural process in small-scale societies, the concept of subcultures, and the economics and politics of culture. Finally, he presents the twentieth-century globalization of culture as a process of cultural diffusion, polycentralism, and local innovation, focusing on periods of intensive cultural productivity in Vienna, Calcutta, and San Francisco.

The multicultural organization

Abstract: Executive Overview Organizations are becoming increasingly diverse in terms of gender, race, ethnicity, and nationality. This diversity brings substantial potential benefits such as better decision making, greater creativity and innovation, and more successful marketing to different types of customers. But, increased cultural differences within a workforce also bring potential costs in higher turnover, interpersonal conflict, and communication breakdowns. To capitalize on the benefits of diversity while minimizing the potential costs, leaders are being advised to oversee change processes toward creating “multicultural” organizations. What are the characteristics of such an organization, and how do they differ from those of the post? What mechanisms are available to facilitate such a change? This article addresses these questions. It also describes a model for understanding the required features of a multicultural organizations and reviews tools that pioneering companies have found useful in changing organ...

Making National Cultures in The Global Ecumene

Abstract: What is at stake in the anthropological study of nations and nationalism? On the one hand, the concept of culture itself, and on the other, the prospects for conceptualizing cultural differences in world historical terms. Over the past two decades, a definite shift has occurred in the way anthropologists formulate their central concept of culture. Long-standing assumptions about shared systems of symbols and norms have not been abandoned, despite challenges to think of culture as an organization of nonshared, distributed meanings (74). But questions about social agents and agencies, rather than about the structural logic or functional coherence of normative and symbolic systems, now orient cultural inquiry. More and more often culture is treated as the changing outcome of "practice"-interested activity not reducible to rational calculation (124, 125). The production and reproduction of collectively held dispositions and understandings-the work of making culture-is taken to be problematic rather than automatic, the site of multiple contests informed by a diversity of historically specific actions and intentions (34, 35). This perspective has prompted consideration of nations as cultural pro­ ducts, and of nationalism as a cultural process of collective identity formation (e.g. 64, 64a). Accordingly, the discursive practices of intellectuals and state officials in promoting national-cultural identities have been given close scru-

Multicultural Issues in Counseling: New Approaches to Diversity.

Abstract: Multicultural issues in counseling : new approaches to diversity / Courtland C. Lee, editor. —4th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index.

Growing Up Gay in the South: Race, Gender, and Journeys of the Spirit

Abstract: This groundbreaking new book weaves personal portraits of lesbian and gay Southerners with interdisciplinary commentary about the impact of culture, race, and gender on the development of sexual identity. Growing Up Gay in the South is an important book that focuses on the distinct features of Southern life. It will enrich your understanding of the unique pressures faced by gay men and lesbians in this region--the pervasiveness of fundamental religious beliefs; the acceptance of racial, gender, and class community boundaries; the importance of family name and family honor; the unbending view of appropriate childhood behaviors; and the intensity of adolescent culture.You will learn what it is like to grow up gay in the South as these Southern lesbians and gay men candidly share their attitudes and feelings about themselves, their families, their schooling, and their search for a sexual identity. These insightful biographies illustrate the diversity of persons who identify themselves as gay or lesbian and depict the range of prejudice and problems they have encountered as sexual rebels. Not just a simple compilation of “coming out” stories, this landmark volume is a human testament to the process of social questioning in the search for psychological wholeness, examining the personal and social significance of acquiring a lesbian or gay identity within the Southern culture. Growing Up Gay in the South combines intriguing personal biographies with the extensive use of scholarship from lesbian and gay studies, Southern history and literature, and educational thought and practice. These features, together with an extensive bibliography and appendices of data, make this essential reading for educators and other professionals working with gay and lesbian youth.

Habitat diversity and the species—area relationship: alternative models and tests

Abstract: General principles and patterns are scarce commodities in community ecology. Thus, ecologists have been justifiably intrigued by the repeated observation that the number of species collected in a sample increases with sample area (e.g., McGuinness, 1984a, and references therein). Indeed, Schoener (1976) has called this species-area relationship ‘One of community ecology’s few genuine laws. . .’ However, the near ubiquity of the species - area relationship does not mean that ecologists understand the processes governing this pattern (e.g., Connor and McCoy, 1979; McGuinness, 1984a; Williamson, 1988).

Counseling College Student-Athletes: Issues and Interventions

Abstract: This is the first comprehensive textbook to examine the developmental experiences of college student-athletes. Revised and updated the second edition presents new chapters on diversity issues female student-athletes African American student-athletes transitions life skills and common clinical concerns.

Literacy for a diverse society : perspectives, practices, and policies

Abstract: In a technological world where the communication of events across cultures occurs rapidly and constantly, it takes more than the ability to read and write to be literate. The contributors to this volume write from experience about programmes and policies that foster or deter literacy for diversity.

Two Conflicting Calls for Methodological Reform

Abstract: Two significantly different calls for methodological reform in counseling psychology are currently being made. One call, termed the "new paradigm,>" proposes to replace the present quantitative methods with qualitative ones. The other call proposes a methodological diversity whereby qualitative methods supplement quantitative ones. These two calls are compared in terms of rhetoric, philosophy of science, and clinical utility. The comparisons result in preference for the call for diversity.

Interpersonal Choice and Networks in China

Abstract: Personal choices and relations in China, a socialist country at early stages of industrialization and economic development, seem to be remarkably similar to those in the United States, a capitalist country at advanced stages, quite possibly because particularism governs personal relations regardless of cultural, political, or economic differences. In-group choices are at a maximum for young adults and dedine after the thirties in both countries. Induding kin in one's discussion network reduces homophily and increases, directly as well as indirectly, diversity in the networks of both. In-group choices mathematically constrain diversity but are not the only influence on it in China or the U.S. Confining discussions of serious matters largely to a friendship dique narrows the range of associates for Chinese as well as Americans. An interesting difference is that Chinese kin tend to act as brokers who link a person to diverse nonkin associates, whereas the data provide no evidence that American kin do. This is an empirical study of the network of role relations of a sample of urban Chinese. After introducing the theoretical problem of interpersonal choice and the Chinese context as well as the research procedures, the choices of close associates are first analyzed. We then examine the influences of these choices on the structure of the networks of a person's discussion partners, notably on the diversity, or range, of associates. Finally, these networks in the People's Republic of China (P.RC.) will be compared with those of a sample of respondents in the U.S.

Difference, diversity, differentiation

Abstract: (1991). Difference, diversity, differentiation. International Review of Sociology: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 53-71.

A Lure of Knowledge: Lesbian Sexuality and Theory

Abstract: A view to a thrill "this is not for you" - the sexuality of mothering beginning with L Freud reads Lesbians all analogies are faulty - the fear of intimacy in feminist criticism polymorphous diversity.

Affirmative Psychotherapy for Gay Men

Abstract: This article explores unique issues that confront gay male clients These issues include identity development and management, interpersonal issues, and special issues, such as the impact of aging, antigay violence, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Diversity within the male gay community is also addressed throughout the article, and case examples are used to illustrate issues more fully. The article concludes with recommendations for treatment and research

Student Affairs Initiatives toward a Multicultural University.

Abstract: Diversity, a buzz word for the 1980s, promises to be a goal as well as a rallying cry for student affairs educators into the next century. By the year 2000, there will be more African American and Latino students, learning-disabled persons, and individuals from diverse backgrounds constituting college and university populations than ever in the history of higher education (Hodgkinson, 1983, 1984; Smith, 1989). To date student affairs educators have used this information in an effort to change practices so that students and professionals of color are being actively recruited into higher education, represented in campus programs, and encouraged to use campus services. Although colleges and universities have generated some successes from a strong recruitment effort, retention of multicultural students, staff, and administrators continues to elude solutions. Education and awareness training programs, particularly within student affairs divisions, have been initiated in an effort to increase respect for and encourage the valuing of cultural differences. Years of such activity on some campuses have helped but have not completed the task of moving those colleges and uni-

Theoretic diversity: evolving paradigmatic issues in research and practice.

Abstract: Although research and practice differ in that one is the building of knowledge and the other the application of that knowledge, it is suggested herein that there are interesting parallels to explore between the evolving debate on research methods and the emerging theoretic debates on practice. On the basis of the Canadian experience and the trend toward adoption of a single-theory approach, the authors argue for theoretic diversity in nursing practice settings.

Religious development in childhood and adolescence

Abstract: Everyone knows there are differences between the religiosity of children, youth, and adults. We need no reminder that growing older can bring profound and diverse changes in the way individuals pray, talk about God, and worship. Equally obvious is the diversity we find in the public face of adult religion and in the private thoughts and feeling of those from the same religion. But what is the common core in all this diversity? Is there a basic "mother structure" of religious feeling and thinking that binds the diversity we find across ages and across different expressions of public and private religion? This volume of New Directions for Child Development addresses these questions from the developmental perspectives of different theories. More specifcally, the volume is about the development of private religion and the inner dynamic that pushes children, youth, and adults to construct and reform their views and change their feelings as they mature and adapt to life's new problems. This is the 52nd issue of New Directions for Child Development. For mre information on the series, please see the Journals and Periodicals page.

Effects of Newspaper Competition on Public Opinion Diversity

Abstract: This study used survey data from the 1988 American National Election Study by the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research to compare the diversity of opinions on public issues held by ...

Culture and power in Banaras : community, performance, and environment, 1800-1980

Abstract: This collection of ten essays on Banaras, one of the largest urban centers in India's eastern Gangetic plain, is united by a common interest in examining everyday activities in order to learn about shared values and motivations, processes of identity formation, and self-conscious constructions of community. Part One examines the performance genres that have drawn audiences from throughout the city. Part Two focuses on the areas of neighborhood, leisure, and work, examining the processes by which urban residents use a sense of identity to organize their activities and bring meaning to their lives. Part Three links these experiences within Banaras to a series of "larger worlds," ranging from language movements and political protests to disease ecology and regional environmental impact. Banaras is a complex world, with differences in religion, caste, class, language, and popular culture; the diversity of these essays embraces those differences. It is a collection that will interest scholars and students of South Asia as well as anyone interested in comparative discussions of popular culture.