Showing papers on "Emotional exhaustion published in 1994"

Marital conflict and child adjustment: An emotional security hypothesis.

Abstract: An emotional security hypothesis that builds on attachment theory is proposed to account for recent empirical findings on the impact of marital conflict on children and to provide directions for future research. Children's concerns about emotional security play a role in their regulation of emotional arousal and organization and in their motivation to respond in the face of marital conflict. Over time these response processes and internalized representations of parental relations that develop have implications for children's long-term adjustment. Emotional security is seen as a product of past experiences with marital conflict and as a primary influence on future responding. The impact and interaction of other experiential histories within the family that affect children's emotional security are also examined, with a focus on parent-child relations.

Physician Burnout: An Examination of Personal, Professional, and Organizational Relationships

Abstract: This study presents an empirical assessment of burnout among physicians in two staff model HMOs and examines the critical relationships between physician burnout and personal, professional, and organizational/worklife factors The authors hypothesize that a substantial proportion (> 40%) of physicians will report high scores on emotional exhaustion, the key burnout dimension, and that high emotional exhaustion will be correlated with low evaluations of organizational/worklife factors The survey results found 58% of the physicians reported scores in high emotional exhaustion Regression analyses established that organizational measures, specifically, evaluative ratings of Workload/Scheduling and Input/Influence were the strongest predictors of emotional exhaustion The substantial proportion of physicians reporting scores high on the burnout dimensions, and the potential for management to intervene and improve the factors that foster burnout, suggests the need for organizations to examine the impact of their structures, policies, and procedures on physician stress and quality of worklife

Burnout, depression, life and job satisfaction among Canadian emergency physicians

Abstract: Our goal was to determine the level of burnout, depression, life and job satisfaction of Canadian emergency physicians. Six instruments were administered: the emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment intensity subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI); the Centre for Epidemiologic Research Self-Report Depression Scale (CES-D); the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS); and the Emergency Physician Job Satisfaction Measurement Instrument (EPJS). Forty-six percent of the sample fell within the medium to high level of emotional exhaustion, 93% within the medium to high range for depersonalization, and 79% within the medium to low range for personal accomplishment. Sixty-one percent were satisfied with their lives, and 75.5% were satisfied with their jobs. Multiple regression analysis showed that increased age, being a department head, and increased weeks of holiday per year were positive contributors to EPJS scores (P < 0.05). Involvement in medical education, increased clinical hours worked per year, and region of residence-Quebec were negative contributors to EPJS scores (P < 0.05). Involvement in medical education is a significant factor among physicians experiencing depressive symptomatology. Time away from clinical practice is important to job satisfaction and emotional well-being.

Burnout among General Practitioners: A Perspective from Equity Theory

Abstract: Investigated the relationship of harassment by patients, feelings of inequity, and social support on burnout in 567 Dutch GPs. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and LISREL VII was used to test an a priori specified linear structural equation model that was based on equity theory. An indication of the level of burnout among GPs was obtained by comparing their scores with a group of 667 Dutch nurses from different work settings (W. B. Schaufeli and D. Van Dierendonck, 1993). Compared to GPs, nurses experienced significantly less emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and more personal accomplishment. 25% of the GPs reported being physically harassed during the year preceding the survey. Results lend credence to C. Maslach's (see record 1980-24035-001) and H. J. Freudenberger's (1974) early view that the emotional and demanding nature of the doctor–patient relationship is a root cause of burnout. (aut. ref.)

Social Support, Personality, and Burnout in Nurses

Abstract: This study sought to find evidence for: (a) a relationship between increased levels of work-related social support and decreased burnout, (b) a relationship between personality traits and burnout, and (c) a significant interaction of social support and extraversion in relation to burnout. Seventy-six staff nurses and their supervisors at a private medical hospital participated as subjects. Two subscales of the Work Environment Scale measured social support. Personality was measured using an instrument known as PROSCAN, and Scale H of the 16PF. Burnout was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory. A strong negative correlation between work-related social support and burnout was found. Also, nurses whose supervisors received positive-feedback training showed significant reductions in emotional exhaustion, compared to those whose supervisors did not receive this training. Some dimensions of personality explained a significant amount of burnout. The study also provided further evidence of the interactive effect of social support and extraversion in relation to an emotional distress variable. That is, extraverted nurses required more work-related peer support than did introverts to avoid emotional exhaustion. Suggestions for further research are given.

A Model of Stress and Burnout in Collegiate Coaches: Effects of Gender and Time of Season

Abstract: This investigation examined a model of stress and burnout in male (n = 131) and female (n = 118) collegiate head baseball and softball coaches. The model hypothesized that personal/situational variables of coaching issues, social support, hardiness, gender, and win/loss record predict stress appraisal which, in turn, predicts burnout. A preliminary gender by time of season repeated measures analysis indicated significant main effects for gender and time. Path analyses were conducted to test the model separately for males and females at the end of the season only. Results partially supported the model: Both male and female coaches higher in coaching issues and lower in hardiness were higher in perceived stress, and males lower in social support satisfaction were higher in perceived stress. Both male and female coaches' stress appraisal was predictive of all burnout components. The coaches were classified as suffering from moderate to high levels of emotional exhaustion and low to moderate levels of deperso...

Factors contributing to the development of burnout in oncology nursing

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether oncology nurses experience higher levels of burnout compared to nurses working in general hospitals, and to further identify the personal and environmental factors that contribute to the development of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment. Seven tools, measuring a selected set of demographic, psychological and occupational variables, were administered to 217 female nurses who worked in oncological hospitals and 226 nurses who worked in general hospitals in the area of Athens. Measures used in the study included the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Hardiness Scale, the Ways of Coping Scale, the Life Style Scale, the Type A Behaviour Scale, a Job Stress Questionnaire and a General Information Questionnaire. No statistically significant difference was revealed in the degree of burnout experienced by nurses in oncology and those in general hospitals. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that personality characteristics seem to predict a greater percentage of the variability of the burnout experienced than occupational and demographic variables. A sense of personal control over the things that happen in life and in the work environment was found to protect nurses from emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment.

Levels of burnout in general dental practitioners in the south-east of England

Abstract: There is some evidence to suggest that dentists suffer a high level of job-related stress. Specifically, social interaction between dentist and patient is considered to be a type of job-related stress which may produce 'burnout', a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and reduced personal accomplishment that can occur in individuals whose work involves close personal contact with their clients. A study was carried out during January to June 1992 to assess the levels of burnout, using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, in three samples of British GDPs recruited from the south-east of England. A total of 440 dentists were surveyed and 340 usable replies were returned. There were high levels of burnout in the British dentists. A number of demographic variables relating to marital status, educational status, time since qualification, numbers of dentists in the practice, number of days per week spent in practice and the proportion of NHS/private work undertaken were identified as being associated with some aspects of the burnout syndrome.

Burnout, Uncertainty, and the Desire for Social Comparison Among Nurses

Abstract: A study was conducted among 295 nurses to examine the interest in social comparison information, that is, the desire to learn more about the feelings and responses of others facing a similar situation. Occupational burnout, in particular emotional exhaustion, reduced personal accomplishment and uncertainty, had independent relationships with the interest in social comparison information. Comparison preferences were strongly upward; there was in general a stronger preference for information about others who were better off than for affiliation with such others. There was also a stronger preference for comparison with more experienced than with more competent others. However, better-off others were avoided relatively more by those high in burnout, especially by those high in reduced personal accomplishment. The results are discussed in the context of social comparison as a way of coping with stress, and self-improvement and self-protection as motives for social comparison.

Burnout and career-choice regret among family practice physicians in early practice.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE Burnout and career-choice regret among physicians in early practice may contribute to physician impairment and attrition as well as patient dissatisfaction. METHOD Fifty residency-trained family physicians in early practice completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory and a questionnaire on career-choice, demographics, and practice characteristics. RESULTS The sample showed moderate burnout related to emotional exhaustion and depersonalization of patients but low burnout related to lack of personal accomplishment. Although only 52% reported that they would definitely choose a medical career again, 70% reported that they would definitely choose the specialty of family practice again. At the 0.01 level of significance, those who worked more hours were more emotionally exhausted, and those with children and those with more children under the age of 5 reported less depersonalization. CONCLUSIONS This sample of physicians in early practice reported slightly less burnout and less specialty-choice regret than a comparable sample of family practice residents, suggesting possible attenuation of burnout with the transition from training to practice. Nonetheless, the importance of overwhelming time demands as a precipitant of exhaustion and potential physician impairment is noted.

Once More, With Feeling: Reconsidering the Role of Emotion in Work

Abstract: The role of emotion in the workplace has been the subject of a series of provocative studies (Hochschild, 1983; Van Maanen & Kunda, 1989). This essay locates research on organizational emotion in the larger traditions of emotion research and argues that the communicative aspects of emotion have been understudied. Existing research on the subject is divided into three themes: the emotional labor and attendant psychological costs that characterize some occupations, the use of emotional expression as a tool for the achievement of management objectives, and the role of culture in shaping the emotional lives of members. Three broad areas requiring study by communication researchers are explored. First, the substantial literature on organizational regulation of emotional display is reviewed and criticized for implicitly casting communication in the role of “emotional packaging.” Second, possibilities for studying the process of emotional interpretation are presented, with particular emphasis on the constitutive...

Staff burnout in a psychiatric hospital: A cross-lagged panel design

Abstract: Summary Previous research has shown that burnout in staff members at psychiatric hospitals is significantly associated with state anxiety and collegial support. The directionality of these relationships may be inferred using a cross-lagged panel design. To do this, 35 staff members representing various clinical disciplines completed measures of burnout, support, and anxiety twice, eight months apart. Burnout comprised three factors: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Findings from one cross-lagged panel suggested that emotional exhaustion causes state anxiety. The second panel showed that lack of collegial support caused depersonalization. Understanding causes and effects of burnout for inpatient psychiatric staff may lead to training and resource development that will improve the quality of their work environment.

Emotional experiences, empathy and burnout among staff caring for demented patients at a collective living unit and a nursing home.

Abstract: Experiences of empathy and burnout were compared among staff caring for demented patients, at a collective living unit (n = 10) and a nursing home (n = 10) in the middle of Sweden. In both milieus, the staff showed great confidence in their own caring ability and disclosed a deep care and concern for their patients. All staff had the requisite attributes of empathy, and none had burnout scores indicating risk of burnout. The staff of the collective living unit gave exclusively positive descriptions of their patients, but expressed an emotional exhaustion and a feeling of being overutilized. The staff of the nursing home gave positive and negative descriptions of their patients, and experienced physical exhaustion and a feeling of being only partly utilized. The study indicates that exhaustion in staff may be related both to overwhelming experiences connected with being close to demented patients, and to feelings of guilt for not being closely related to their patients.

Nursing Assistant Burnout and the Cognitively Impaired Elderly.

Abstract: This article employs the cognitive appraisal model to examine the experience of burnout in a random sample of nursing assistants (N = 245). The three subscales of Maslach's Burnout Inventory--Emotional Exhaustion, Personal Accomplishment, Depersonalization--serve as the dependent variables in this study. The study found that both stressor and appraisal variables influence feelings of burnout. The stressor variable, frequency of disturbing patient behaviors, best explained feelings of reduced Personal Accomplishment. The appraisal variable, reaction to patient behaviors, best explained Emotional Exhaustion and contributed to the explanation of reduced Personal Accomplishment. Age, minutes spent giving physical care, appraisal of work tasks, and reaction to patient behavior, explained Depersonalization. The study found support for the cognitive appraisal model in that appraisal played an important role in determining burnout. The article concludes with some suggestions for relief of nursing assistant burnout.

Work stress, distress and burnout in music and mathematics teachers

Abstract: Regression analyses were conducted to investigate which work stressors, attitudinal and demographic variables predicted the reported emotional distress (anxiety, depression and physical symptoms) and burnout (emotional exhaustion, use of depersonalisation and feelings of personal accomplishment) of music and mathematics teachers working in secondary schools. Results showed that music teachers gave significantly more problematic responses defining the variables which predicted emotional distress and burnout than mathematics teachers. Also, music teachers were substantially more distressed and burnt out than mathematics teachers. These and other results are discussed in terms of their implications for well-being of teachers who may feel marginalised within the teaching system.

Burnout symptoms amongst drug and alcohol service employees: Gender differences in the interaction between work and home stressorS

Abstract: The relationship between work and home-based stressors in predicting burnout symptoms was examined amongst 120 drug and alcohol service employees. Staff who reported high levels of burnout on the Maslach Burnout Inventory across all three scales of Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization and Personal Accomplishment were compared with a sample of low burnout employees. High burnout was associated with younger age, larger agency size, high levels of total work stressors, work overload, and daily hassles and a lower level of peer cohesion. Regression analyses revealed that male gender, younger age, work overload, role ambiguity and daily hassles were significant predictors of Emotional Exhaustion. Younger age was also a significant predictor of Depersonalization. Marked differences were found in the way in which males and females responded to work and non-work stressors and the interaction between these variables. For women, a significant interaction was found between total work stressors and home-b...

Determinants and consequences of burnout: A cross‐cultural comparison of Canadian and Jordanian nurses

Abstract: We compared the determinants and consequences of burnout for Canadian (N = 586) and Jordanian (N = 263) registered nurses working in a hospital setting. LISREL 7 software was used to perform a path analysis testing hypothesized relationships between job satisfaction dimensions (supervision, hospital identification, kind of work, amount of work, physical work conditions, rewards, and career future) and burnout and intention to quit. For both Canadian and Jordanian nurses, kind of work, amount of work, and career future were important determinants of burnout. Career future and burnout (emotional exhaustion) were associated with intention to quit on the basis of the highly similar results across the two samples, we propose that a universal theoretical model of the determinants and consequences of burnout among nurses may be plausible.

Conflict and Ambiguity over Work Roles: The Impact on Child Care Worker Burnout

Abstract: This study looks at the child care workplace from the viewpoints of occupational stress and social support as they relate to staff burnout. Subjects included 188 child care workers from licensed child care centers in predominantly rural areas of Pennsylvania. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to assess the contribution of work role conflict and work role ambiguity (two forms of occupational stress) to predictions of three facets of burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment). In addition, the buffering effect of social support on the relationship between these variables was assessed. The results show that both work role conflict and work role ambiguity predict a significant portion of the variance in all three facets of burnout. In addition, support is provided for the hypothesis that social support buffers the effect of work role conflict and work role ambiguity on perceived emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The results are discussed in terms of chan...

Burnout in child protective service workers: A longitudinal study

Abstract: Child protective service (CPS) workers experience working conditions that lead to burnout. Although theorists describe burnout as a phenomenon that develops over time, few studies have taken a longitudinal approach to describe its course. To test the hypotheses that (a) burnout remains the same across time, and that (b) environmental conditions are related to change in burnout, 64 CPS workers were followed over an average 18-month period. All scales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory showed significantly increased burnout. Environmental factors measured by the Work Environment Scale and a Work Hassles scale significantly related to change in burnout with initial levels of burnout controlled (emotional exhaustion R2 = 0.465, depersonalization R2 = 0.432, personal accomplishment R2 = 0.431). Several methodological difficulties in previous longitudinal burnout studies were avoided: namely, only one type of job was used, all subjects remained in the same job across the follow-up, and subjects were new to the position at the beginning of the study. Developmental models of Leiter and Maslach (1988) and Golembiewski and Munzenrider (1988) were discussed given the methodological issues raised and the results of the current study. The relation of environmental factors to changes in burnout are consistent with previous, non-quantitative descriptions of the CPS job.

Personality, stress, coping, and sense of coherence among nephrology nurses in dialysis settings.

Abstract: The goal of this study was to examine the relationships among personality types, personal and work-related stress, coping resources, and sense of coherence (SOC) among nephrology nurses in dialysis settings. Nurses (n = 49) from 13 dialysis units in New Mexico completed a demographic data form, Perceived and Nursing Stress Scales, SOC Scale, Coping Resources Inventory, and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The results indicated that there was a positive correlation between perceived personal stress and work-related stress, especially work load. Conversely, there were negative correlations between (a) both personal and work-related stress with SOC, and (b) both coping resources and SOC with burnout. High levels of personal and work-related stress were related to inadequate coping resources. Regression analysis indicated that the main contributing factors to emotional exhaustion (a major component of burnout) were low SOC, lack of staff support, personal stress, and heavy work load. Increased utilization of coping resources may facilitate the nurses' management of personal and work-related stressors.

Personality Hardiness, Work-Related Stress, and Health in Hospital Nurses

Abstract: Personality hardiness is a set of beliefs about oneself and the world one lives in. Hardier persons take control of their lives, believe that commitment to goals will result in positive outcomes, and perceive daily stressors as challenges. Hardiness has been linked with less stress and fewer health problems among various occupational groups. This study found that among 237 hospital nurses, work-related stress and emotional exhaustion were associated with greater health problems in the form of anxiety, depression, and somatic complaints. Hardier nurses reported less work-related stress, less emotional exhaustion, and less anxiety, depression, and somatization. This article discusses considerations for strengthening future studies concerned with the relationships between personality hardiness, work-related stress, and health in nurses.

Study of the influence of labor and sociodemographic factors on the development of professional burnout syndrome in the area of specialized medicine of INSALUD in Avila

Abstract: BACKGROUND The burnout syndrome is characterized by emotional exhaustion (basis of the decrease of self-esteem), depersonalization and decrease of the feeling of personal accomplishment, above all, in the field of professional achievements. It appears to be frequent in the helping professions and the human services workers, and in its origin labour factors seem to intervene. The authors intend to determine the degree of burnout among physicians and to assess the influence of labour and sociodemographic factors on the emotional state of physicians. METHODS One hundred fifty-six physicians of the Avila Health Service Area participated. A general questionnaire and the Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used. The statistical analysis includes the analysis of variance, the Pearson's correlation coefficient and the Student's t test. RESULTS The profile of the studies professional is a 37 year old male, married, who has been working for 13 years in his profession and who has had his current job for eight with a professional category of consultant. In general, they are not satisfied with their work, they do not value highly the personal policy of their managers and they hardly identify themselves with the enterprise, if at all. These negative labour aspects were correlated with the burnout syndrome, whose values indicated high levels of professional exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in the work conditions are suggested and in its organization such as the physicians' participations in management, definition of positions and assessment of individual situations.

Gender differences in occupational stress among correctional officers

Abstract: Stress that relates to the work environment has received increasing attention. However, research on gender differences and work-related stress is limited. Previous research has shown that female correctional officers tend to experience higher levels of stress than do their male counterparts. However, this research found that female and male correctional officers experience similar levels of stress as measured both objectively and subjectively. Ulis result should not be surprising given the existing working conditions in most prisons today.

Maslach burnout inventory: factor structures for pharmacists in health maintenance organizations and comparison with normative data for usa pharmacists

Abstract: This study compared the factor structure and burnout scores obtained on the Maslach Burnout Inventory from 84 pharmacists in Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) with the normative data for USA pharmacists. Results provided empirical support for the reliability and validity of the inventory to measure burnout within the profession of pharmacy. Values of Cronbach coefficient alpha for subscales of Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment were similar to those obtained with the normative sample. Factor analysis was conducted to yield the best three-factor solution. Derived factor loadings matched the three hypothesized subscales. On Personal Accomplishment the mean subscale score for HMO pharmacists was significantly higher than the normative score. Given limitations of the small sample, research is indicated to substantiate use of the inventory among HMO pharmacists.

Occupational stress and coping in a sample of student nurses.

Abstract: The study investigated the extent and nature of work stress and burnout in a sample of 81 student nurses in a training hospital in the Natal Midlands. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Sources of Stress Questionnaire (SSQ), Student Life Events Checklist (SLEC), and two coping scales, the Ways of Coping Checklist (WCC) and the Billings and Moos Coping Scale (BMCS) were used to measure the variable of burnout, stress, life events and ways of coping. Findings point to the fact that there were significantly higher levels of burnout as measured on the MBI sub-scales of Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalisation in the sample, in comparison to other helping professionals in South Africa and the USA. These results are discussed in relation to the influence of gender, race and age of the sample. A small sub-sample of high burnout nurses was identified that differed from the rest of the sample in respect to coping styles. Sources of stress in the sample indicated issues relevant to the developmental stage of the sample that have implications for training and intervention. Style of coping and source of stress relating to home-work interface were found to be related to the experience of burnout. Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to training, intervention and further research.

Construct Validity of the Educators Survey for a Sample of Middle School Teachers

Abstract: For a sample of 150 middle school teachers (101 females and 49 males) from a suburban California community, the major purpose of this investigation was to ascertain whether the factor structure of the 22-item Educators Survey (ES) comprising three subscales reflecting three dimensions of burnout-Emotional Exhaustion (9 items), Depersonalization (5 items), and Personal Accomplishment (8 items)-would be more interpretable within a framework of either a two-factor or a three-factor conceptualization of its underlying constructs. In a comprehensive reanalysis of the factor structure of the correlation matrices of item scores from six studies using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, from which the parallel form of the ES was derived for use with educators rather than with other professional groups, Walkey and Green expressed a preference for a two-factor structure comprising a fusion of Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization factors into one factor named Core of Burnout and for a second factor identified as Pe...

A pilot study of the contribution of empathy to burnout in Salvation Army Officers

Abstract: Although empathy has been found to distinguish effective counsellors from less effective counsellors, human services professionals who continually experience negative emotional reactions to the feelings that clients express in counselling may be at risk of developing burnout This study examined the hypothesis that emotional empathy rather than cognitive empathy is associated with burnout The sample of human services professionals consisted of 71 Salvation Army Officers Multiple regression was used to investigate whether the dimensions of empathy could predict three aspects of burnout: personal accomplishment, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization The first regression analysis indicated that personal distress and empathic concern were significant predictor of personal accomplishment The second analysis indicated that personal distress was a significant predictor of emotional exhaustion The third indicated that empathic concern was a significant predictor of depersonalization Although t

Prevalence and Predictors of Burnout Among Adult Day Care Providers

Abstract: Over the past decade, an extensive research literature has focused on stress, burden, and coping among family caregivers to improve the quality of care to dependent elders. Although a better understanding of the prevalence and predictors of burnout among formal service providers could be expected to produce similar benefits, little is known about stress and burnout among paid caregivers. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which paid care providers in adult day care (ADC) experience burnout and to examine the relationship between employees' perceptions of their work environment and burnout. Participants (N = 102) were staff from a random sample of ADC centers in California. Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, burnout was found to be low for the depersonalization and personal achievement aspects and moderate for emotional exhaustion. Hierarchical regression indicated that after controlling for demographic differences and daily hassles, work environment measures were significant correlat...

Burnout and Job Dissatisfaction among Practicing School Psychologists in Illinois.

Abstract: Job burnout is a condition observed in recent years among a wide variety of helping professions. In this study, burnout was described as emotional exhaustion, job dissatisfaction, and the desire to leave the job and/or profession. To examine burnout in the profession of school psychology, a random sample of members (N=139) of the Illinois School Psychologists Association completed survey materials including a Maslach Burnout Inventory, a School Psychologists Stress Inventory, and specially designed demographic and job satisfaction questionnaires. The primary questions addressed include: (1) What is the extent of burnout among school psychologists?; (2) What principal job-related stressors are associated with burnout ?; (3) What relationship exists between certain demographic variables and burnout?; and (4) What best predicts burnout? Results suggested that symptoms of burnout occur frequently among school psychologists. Although job related stressors (e.g. lack of resources, time management) were related to burnout, demographic factors (e.g. satisfaction with supervision, case discrepancy index) were found to be the best predictors of burnout. Results also indicated that supervising psychologists are considered to be primary figures in resistance to burnout. Contains 27 references. (RB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** Burnout and Job Dissatisfaction Among Practicing School Psychologists in Illinois. Kathryn M. Niebrugge, SSP Eastern Illinois University Charleston, IL U.N. DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATION Office at Educational Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) O This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. O Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction Quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.