Showing papers on "Empire published in 1991"

Christianity and the Rhetoric of Empire: The Development of Christian Discourse

Abstract: Many reasons can be given for the rise of Christianity in late antiquity and its flourishing in the medieval world. In asking how Christianity succeeded in becoming the dominant ideology in the unpromising circumstances of the Roman Empire, Averil Cameron turns to the development of Christian discourse over the first to sixth centuries A.D., investigating the discourse's essential characteristics, its effects on existing forms of communication, and its eventual preeminence. Scholars of late antiquity and general readers interested in this crucial historical period will be intrigued by her exploration of these influential changes in modes of communication. The emphasis that Christians placed on languagewriting, talking, and preachingmade possible the formation of a powerful and indeed a totalizing discourse, argues the author. Christian discourse was sufficiently flexible to be used as a public and political instrument, yet at the same time to be used to express private feelings and emotion. Embracing the two opposing poles of logic and mystery, it contributed powerfully to the gradual acceptance of Christianity and the faith's transformation from the enthusiasm of a small sect to an institutionalized world religion."

Creating a female dominion in American reform, 1890-1935

Abstract: In this book, Muncy explains the continuity of white, middle-class, American female reform activity between the Progressive era and the New Deal She argues that during the Progressive era, female reformers built an interlocking set of organizations that attempted to control child welfare policy Within this policymaking body, female progressives professionalized their values, bureaucratized their methods, and institutionalized their reforming networks To refer to the organizational structure embodying these processes, the book develops the original concept of a female dominion in the otherwise male empire of policymaking At the head of this dominion stood the Children's Bureau in the federal Department of Labor Muncy investigates the development of the dominion and its particular characteristics, such as its monopoly over child welfare and its commitment to public welfare, and shows how it was dependent on a peculiarly female professionalism By exploring that process, this book illuminates the relationship between professionalization and reform, the origins and meaning of Progressive reform, and the role of gender in creating the American welfare state

Energy and Empire: A Biographical Study of Lord Kelvin

Abstract: List of illustrations Preface Footnote abbreviations Part I. The Making of the Natural Philosopher: 1. From the ashes of revolution 2. Clydeside 3. A Cambridge undergraduate 4. The changing tradition of natural philosophy 5. Professor William Thomson Part II. The Transformation of Classical Physics: 6. The language of mathematical physics 7. The kinematics of field theory and the nature of electricity 8. The dynamics of field theory: work, ponderomotive force, and extremum conditions 9. Thermodynamics: the years of uncertainty 10. Thermodynamics: the years of resolution 11. T & T' of treatise on natural philosophy 12. The hydrodynamics of matter 13. Telegraph signals and light waves Thomson versus Maxwell Part III. The Economy of Nature: The Economy of Nature: The Great Storehouse of Creation: 14. The irreversible cosmos 15. The age of the sun controversies 16. The secular cooling of the earth 17. The age of the earth controversies 18. The habitation of earth Part IV. Energy, Economy, and Empire: The Relief of Man's Estate: 19. The telegraphic art 20. Measurement and marketing: the economics of electricity 21. Rule, Britannia: the art of navigation 22. The magnetic compass 23. Baron Kelvin of Largs Bibliography Index.

The limits of empire : the Roman army in the East

Abstract: Rome and Persia consolidation and internal unrest the army of the principate - an army of occupation the army of the fourth century enemies and allies after Septimus Severus army and civilians in the East the military function of Roman veteran colonies urbanization frontier policy - grand strategy? Appendices: A - Roman army sites in Judaea. B - Antioch as military headquarters and imperial residence.

Empire Boys: Adventures in a Man's World

Abstract: Part 1 Reading for the Empire: boys, class, and culture "Boys' Own Paper". Part 2 Schoolboys: manly boys and young gentlemen out of bounds passing the love of women. Part 3 Island stories: after Crusoe - the Robinsonade going native - "The Coral Island" the art of fiction - "Treasure Island". Part 4 A man's world: scrambling for Africa - Haggard and Henty Conrad's man. Part 5 Empire boys: defending the Empire - scouting for boys Kipling's boyhood Empire - "Kim" lord of the jungle - "Tarzan of the Apes".

Freedom in the making of western culture

Abstract: Part 1 The stillbirth of freedom in the non-western world: primitive beginnings for the creation of eyes - why freedom failed in the non-western world. Part 2 The Greek construction of freedom: the Greek origins of freedom the emergence of slave society and civic freedom the Persian wars and the creation of organic (sovereignal) freedom slavery, empire, and the periclean fusion a woman's song - the female force and the ideology of freedom in Greek tragedy and society fission and diffusion - class and the elements of freedom in the late 5th century and beyond the outer intellectual response the turn to inner freedom the intellectual response in the Hellenistic and early Roman world. Part 3 Rome and the universalization of freedom: freedom and class conflict in republican Rome the triumph of the Roman freedman - personal liberty among the urban masses of the early empire the Augustan compromise - sovereignal freedom in defense of personal liberty freedom, stoicism, and the Roman mind. Part 4 Christianity and the institutionalization of freedom: Jesus and the Jesus movement between Jesus and Paul Paul and his world - a community of urban freedmen Paul and the freedom of mankind. Part 5 The medieval reconstruction of freedom: freedom and servitude in the middle ages medieval renditions of the chord of freedom freedom in the religious and secular thought of the middle ages.

The Honourable Company: A History of the English East India Company

Abstract: During 200 years the East India Company grew from a loose association of Elizabethan tradesmen into "the grandest society of merchants in the universe" As a commercial enterprise it came to control half the world's trade and as a political entity it administered an embryonic empire Without it there would have been no British India and no British Empire In a tapestry ranging from Southern Africa to north-west America, and from the reign of Elizabeth I to that of Victoria, bizarre locations and roguish personality abound From Bombay to Singapore and Hong Kong the political geography of today is, in some respects, the result of the Company This book looks at the history of the East India Company

End of Empire: Islam, Nationalism and Women in Turkey

Abstract: It is commonly conceded that among Muslim nations Turkey distinguishes herself by comprehensive, and as yet unparalleled, reforms with respect to the emancipation of women. These reforms, initiated by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of the Turkish Republic, were part of a spate of legislation which amounted to a radical break with Ottoman Islam and its institutions. World War I had resulted in the dismemberment of the defeated empire and the occupation of the Anatolian provinces by the Allied powers. The active hostility of the last Ottoman Sultan-Caliph to Kemal’s nationalist struggle in Anatolia, and his collaboration with the Allies, culminated in the abolition of the Sultanate by the Ankara government in 1922. The Turkish Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923. A few days earlier, on 24 October, the Istanbul head of police had taken an administrative decision desegregating public transport, so that men and women would no longer be separated by curtains or special compartments. Thereafter, a systematic onslaught on Ottoman institutions took place.

Offspring of Empire: The Koch'ang Kims and the Colonial Origins of Korean Capitalism, 1876-1945

Abstract: PrefacePART 1: THE RISE OF KOREAN CAPITALISMMerchants and Landlords: The Accumulation of Capital, 1876-1919An Industrial Bourgeoisie: Transition and Emergence, 1919-45PART 2: THE PATTERNS OF GROWTHClass and State: The Financial NexusClass and State: Partners in ManagementBetween Metropole and Hinterland: The Acquisition of Raw Materials and TechnologyBetween Metropole and Hinterland: The Quest for MarketsPART 3: CLASS AND SOCIETY"Without Any Trouble": Capitalist Views & Treatment of the Working ClassClass over Nation: Naisen Ittai and the Korean BourgeoisieConclusion: The Colonial LegacyAppendix 1: Protectorate and Colonial Administrations, 1905-45Appendix 2: "Dying for a Righteous Cause: The Responsibility of Imperial Citizens in Great"NotesGuide to RomanizationBibliographyIndex

Imperium Romanum : Empire and the Language of Power

Abstract: The vocabulary of empire, as it has developed in European contexts since the period of the Roman empire, reveals clearly enough the significance of the inheritance of Rome for the regimes which have followed it. From Charlemagne to the Tsars, from British imperialism to Italian Fascism, the language and symbols of the Roman republic and the Roman emperors have been essential elements in the self-expression of imperial powers. Such communality of language, by creating a sense of familiarity in the mind of a modern observer of the Roman empire, may hinder a proper understanding of antiquity, because the importance of the after life of these words and symbols tends to obscure the nature of the contexts from which they originated. An obvious parallel instance can be seen in the case of the word ‘democracy’, where the adoption of the Athenian term to describe a series of political developments in the modern world which claim some connection with the Greek notion of demokratia has tended to make more difficult the modern understanding of what happened at Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.

Gender and culture of empire: Toward a feminist ethnography of the cinema

Abstract: (1991). Gender and culture of empire: Toward a feminist ethnography of the cinema. Quarterly Review of Film and Video: Vol. 13, No. 1-3, pp. 45-84.

An Empire Nowhere: England, America, and Literature from Utopia to The Tempest

Abstract: What caused England's literary renaissance? One answer has been such unprecedented developments as the European discovery of America. Yet England in the sixteenth century was far from an expanding nation. Not only did the Tudors lose England's sole remaining possessions on the Continent and, thanks to the Reformation, grow spiritually divided from the Continent as well, but every one of their attempts to colonize the New World actually failed. Jeffrey Knapp accounts for this strange combination of literary expansion and national isolation by showing how the English made a virtue of their increasing insularity. Ranging across a wide array of literary and extraliterary sources, Knapp argues that English poets rejected the worldly acquisitiveness of an empire like Spain's and took pride in England's material limitations as a sign of its spiritual strength. In the imaginary worlds of such fictions as "Utopia," "The Faerie Queene," and "The Tempest," they sought a grander empire, founded on the "otherworldly" virtues of both England and poetry itself.

Women, Islam, and the State

Abstract: Introduction, D. Kandiyoti end of empire - Islam, nationalism and women in Turkey, D. Kandiyoti hazards of modernity and morality - women, state and ideology in contemporary Iran, A. Najmabadi the convenience of subservience - women and the state of Pakistan, A. Jalal the quest for national identity - women, islam and the state in Bangladesh, N. Kabeer forced identities - communalism, fundamentalism and women in India, A. Chhachhi elite strategies for state building - women, family, religion and the state in Iraq and Lebanon, S. Joseph competing agendas - feminists, Islam and the state in 19th and 20th century Egypt, M. Badran the law, the state and socialist policies with regard to women - the case of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, M. Molyneux.

Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC I (1114-859 BC)

Abstract: In this, the seventh volume to be published by the Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Project, A. Kirk Grayson presents the texts of the royal inscriptions from the earlier phase of the Neo-Assyrian period, a time in which the Assyrian kings campaigned as far as the Mediterranean and came into direct contact with biblical lands. In this period the Assyrian empire embraced most of the civilized parts of western Asia including western Iran, Mesopotamia, southern Turkey, and the shores of the Levant. It was an exciting and tumultous period involving palace revolutions and harem intrigues, and it was a time in which the legendary Semiramis played a prominent role. The inscriptions speak of the kings' building of palaces and temples in various parts of Assyria, of the gods who were invoked to bless their enterprises, of revolutions and a multitude of military conquests. Each text is accompanied by a brief introduction, a catalogue of exemplars, commentary, bibliography, transliteration, translation, and notes. The book contains an introduction to the volume as a whole and indexes. 'Scores,' published on microfiche, are located in a pocket at the back of the book.

The Middle Ages

Abstract: The centuries between the fall of the Roman Empire in the west and the Renaissance are loosely called the ‘Middle Ages’. Waves of barbarian invaders, Goths, Huns and Vandals, swept over the imperial frontiers in the last decades of the fourth century AD until Alaric, King of the Visigoths, eventually captured and sacked Rome itself in the last year of his life, 410. The submergence of Roman civilisation under the invading hordes was such that the period from the fall of Rome to the later eleventh century has been labelled the ‘Dark Ages’, and the term ‘Middle Ages’ applied more limitedly to the period from the twelfth century to the Renaissance. The Dark Ages were not uniformly dark. We caught a glimpse of the fifth-century literary mind in the last chapter when we cast our eyes forward to see the longterm effect of the decay of oratory into declamation in the first century AD. The Frankish King Charlemagne (c.742–814) was inspired to extend his rule in all directions with the hope of recreating the Christian empire of Constantine. Eventually he seized the crown of Lombardy and took the papacy under his protection. In 800 AD he was crowned by the Pope as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. His patronage was such that historians speak of the ‘Carolingian Renaissance’.

Goths and Romans, 332-489

Abstract: This book examines the collision of Goths and Romans in the fourth and fifth centuries. In these years Gothic tribes played a major role in the destruction of the western half of the Roman Empire, establishing successor states in southern France and Spain (the Visigoths) and in Italy (the Ostrogoths). Our understanding of the Goths in this 'Migration Period' has been based upon the Gothic historian Jordanes, whose mid-sixth-century Getica suggests that the Visigothes and Ostrogoths entered the Empire already established as coherent groups and simply conquered new territories. Using more contemporary sources, Peter Heather is able to show that, on the contrary, Visigoths and Ostrogoths were new and unprecedentedly large social groupings, and that many Gothic societies failed even to survive the upheavals of the Migration Period. Dr Heather's scholarly study explores the complicated interactions with Roman power which both prompted the creation of the Visigoths and Ostrogoths around newly emergent dynasties and helped bring about the fall of the Roman Empire.

The book of Revelation : Apocalypse and empire

Abstract: About seventy years after the death of Jesus, John of Patmos sent visionary messages to Christians in seven cities of western Asia Minor. These messages would eventually become part of the New Testament canon, as The Book of Revelation. What was John's message? What was its literary form? Did he write to a persecuted minority or to Christians enjoying the social and material benefits of the Roman Empire? In search of answers to these penetrating questions, Thompson critically examines the language, literature, history, and social setting of the Book of the Apocalypse. Following a discussion of the importance of the genre apocalypse, he closely analyses the form and structure of the Revelation, its narrative and metaphoric unity, the world created through John's visions, and the social conditions of the empire in which John wrote. He offers an unprecedented interpretation of the role of boundaries in Revelation, a reassessment of the reign of the Emperor Domitian, and a view of tribulation that integrates the literary vision of Revelation with the reality of the lives of ordinary people in a Roman province. Throughout his study, Thompson argues that the language of Revelation joins the ordinary to the extra-ordinary, earth to heaven, and local conditions to supra-human processes.

The Cambridge History of Medieval Political Thought c.350-c.1450

Abstract: List of abbreviations Introduction J. H. Burns Part I. Foundations: 1. Christian doctrine Henry Chadwick 2. Greek and Roman political theory John Procope 3. Roman law P. G. Stein Part II. Byzantium: 4. Byzantine political thought D. M. Nicol Part III. Beginnings: c.350-c.750: 5. Introduction: the West R. A. Markus 6. The Latin fathers R. A. Markus 7. The barbarian kingdoms P. D. King Part IV. Formation: c.750-c.1150: 8. Introduction: the formation of political thought in the west D. E. Luscombe 9. Government, law and society R. Van Caenegem 10. Kingship and empire Janet Nelson 11. Church and papacy I. S. Robinson 12. The twelfth-century renaissance D. E. Luscombe and G. R. Evans Part V. Development: c.1150-c.1450: 13. Introduction: politics, institutions and ideas J. P. Canning 14. Spiritual and temporal powers J. A. Watt 15. Law: I. Law, legislative authority and theories of government, 1150-1300 K. Pennington II. Law, sovereignty and corporation theory, 1300-1450 J. P. Canning 16. Government Jean Dunbabin 17. Community: I. Community, counsel and representation Jeannine Quillet II. The conciliar movement Anthony Black 18. The individual and society Anthony Black 19. Property and poverty Janet Coleman Conclusion J. H. Burns Biographies Bibliography Index of names of persons Index of subjects.

Napoleon's integration of Europe

Abstract: Histories of the Napoleonic period are almost exclusively biographies of the man, or political-military accounts of his wars. But such wars were only the first stage in a far more ambitious programme; the establishment of a rational state which would force the pace of modernising society. Through an examination of the experiences of French domination, Napoleon's Integration of Europe explores the implications of such a project for France and its relationship with the rest of Europe. It examines the problems of ruling a progressively expanding empire, as seen through the eyes of a trained corps of bureaucrates who were convinced that their scientific methods would enable them to understand and govern the mechanisms of society. However it also looks at the populations subjected to French rule, at the nature of their resistance and adaptation to the principles of the Napoleonic project. This book is the first overall comparative study of Europe in the Napoleonic years. It is a study not only of an early exercise in imperialism, but of the conflict that is aroused between the rationalising tendencies of the modern state and the spatial and cultural heterogeneity of individual societies. As well as a history of France, it is also a history of Italy, Germany, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland, Poland and Spain at a crucial moment in the history of each nation state.

Strangers Within the Realm: Cultural Margins of the First British Empire

Abstract: Shedding new light on British expansion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, this collection of essays examines how the first British Empire was received and shaped by its subject peoples in Scotland, Ireland, North America, and the Caribbean. An introduction surveys British imperial historiography and provides a context for the volume as a whole. The essays focus on specific ethnic groups -- Native Americans, African-Americans, Scotch-Irish, and Dutch and Germans -- and their relations with the British, as well as on the effects of British expansion in particular regions -- Ireland, Scotland, Canada, and the West Indies. A conclusion assesses the impact of the North American colonies on British society and politics. Taken together, these essays represent a new kind of imperial history -- one that portrays imperial expansion as a dynamic process in which the oulying areas, not only the English center, played an important role in the development and character of the Empire. The collection interpets imperial history broadly, examining it from the perspective of common folk as well as elites and discussing the clash of cultures in addition to political disputes. Finally, by examining shifting and multiple frontiers and by drawing parallels between outlying provinces, these essays move us closer to a truly integrated story that links the diverse ethnic experiences of the first British Empire. The contributors are Bernard Bailyn, Philip D. Morgan, Nicholas Canny, Eric Richards, James H. Merrell, A. G. Roeber, Maldwyn A. Jones, Michael Craton, J. M. Bumsted, and Jacob M. Price.

The End of the British Empire: The Historical Debate

Abstract: Domestic politics and Britain's imperial retreat economics and the end of Empire international politics and the end of Empire the onslaught of colonial nationalism.

The Political Economy of Merchant Empires: Merchants and States

Abstract: INTRODUCTION A ny study of the effects of politics on economic life, especially longdistance trade, runs a grave danger of ratifying the present from the past. We know that one country which created a merchant empire also produced late in the eighteenth century the Great Transmutation of commercial, scientific, and industrial revolutions. There is the obvious danger of seeing the whole period from 1350 to 1750 as a prolegomena to this achievement, and merely looking for the processes in this long early modern period that contributed to the end result of British supremacy. Such an approach can produce distortions of the actual experience of those centuries. Even European “expansion” was not new in the late fifteenth century. Relevant and cautionary here are works by Jones and Scammell; they point to a very long history of European expansion, both internal and external, far predating 1492 or 1498. Scammell's whole book is designed to show elements of continuity in European expansion from 800 to 1650 (he should have gone on to 1750, for it is about then that we can begin to find generic change). My contribution to this collection lies at the cutting edge of economic history today, for it tries to analyse the effect of one exogenous variable, namely politics, on economic behavior. Before World War II, at least in the English-speaking world, economic history was concerned with wider influences, with political, social, and even ideological and religious impacts on economic activity. Subsequently, economic historians did two things.

Shahjahanabad: The Sovereign City in Mughal India 1639-1739

Abstract: List of figures, maps and tables Preface 1. City and empire 2. Cityscape 3. Society 4. Economy 5. Courtly and popular culture 6. Aftermath of imperium, 1739-1857 7. Comparison and conclusion Select glossary Select bibliography Index.

Dionysius and The History of Archaic Rome

Abstract: In The History of Archaic Rome, Dionysius purposely viewed Roman history as an embodiment of all that was best in Greek culture. Gabba places Dionysius's remarkable thesis in its cultural context, comparing this author with other ancient historians and evaluating Dionysius's treatment of his sources. In truth, the last decades B.C. made the historian's task an enormous challenge. On the one hand, the ancient writers knew Rome to be the greatest empire the world had seen, seemingly impregnable in military power and still capable of expansion. On the other hand, they were acutely aware that it recently had barely survived half a century of civil strife. Gabba recalls to us how little was confidently known of Rome's actual origins in an illuminating examination of Dionysius's methodology as a historian.

England and the Aeroplane: An Essay on a Militant and Technological Nation

Abstract: List of Tables - List of Figures - List of Plates - Preface - Series Editor's Introduction - List of Abbreviations - The Strange Birth of Aeronautical England - Technology and Empire - Going up for Air - The Many and the Few - The Sonic Boom of the Scientific Revolution - Conclusion - Notes - Bibliography - Index