Showing papers on "Energy market published in 2001"

System and methods for aggregation and liquidation of curtailment energy resources

Abstract: The virtual utility manager (“VUM”) is a focal point for the aggregation and liquidation of curtailment energy assets. The VUM receives curtailment energy commitments from energy consumers or load-supplying entities (LSEs) who have executed load curtailment contracts with energy consumers. These load-supplying entities as well as energy consumers desire the ability to market their curtailment assets. The VUM can aggregate the commitments and provide the aggregate energy commitments to energy market participants. The VUM also monitors curtailment performance and provide this monitoring information to the involved participants.

Method to enable customers to respond to prices in a pool type energy market

Abstract: A merchant and a customer have an agreement for the trading of energy units wherein the customer pays a contracted sum and the applicable wholesale market pool price for excess units of energy and receives the wholesale market pool price for unused units of energy. A system monitors and controls the energy usage of the customer. The system includes a metering means (105), a communication means (123, 124) receiving pricing information, a computing means (103) accumulating information from the metering means and communication means and determining a preferred trading outcome, and switching means controlling energy supply to the energy consuming devices to achieve the preferred trading outcome.

Empirical evidence of strategic bidding in California ISO real-time market

Abstract: This study builds on previous studies by the California Independent System Operator Corporation's Department of Market Analysis ("DIVIA") indicating that prices in the California electricity markets have persisted at high levels indicative of significant exercise of market power in the California wholesale energy markets. This particular study examines bids by individual suppliers (both instate and importers) in the real-time imbalance energy market of the ISO in order to determine whether individual suppliers' behaviors were responsible for raising prices above competitive levels. Resolving that issue affirmatively, it then explains how suppliers successfully employed bidding strategies to insure high market clearing prices. The evidence described in this study thus provides a direct link between the observed pattern of prices and the bidding behavior of individual suppliers that produced those prices.

Modeling the structure of local energy markets

Abstract: One of the key conditions for correctly programming the Polish energy market development lies not only in the efficiency of current management, but also in the process of making rational decisions with respect to programming the development of the regional energy supply systems and the sources of such development financing. Making wise decisions will determine the future potential growth of the energy sector, its share in the market, and the potential to generate profit for the national economy. Proper modeling of the structure of national and local energy markets is a key to national economic development during this market transformation.

How to win the political contest: A monopolist vs. environmentalists

Abstract: This paper sheds light on the political economy of local energypolitics both from a theoretical and an empirical perspective.First, a case study of a small town in Southern Germany(Schonau) is presented, where environmentalists have won thepolitical contest against the regional energy monopolist and havefounded an energy supply firm themselves. The different stagesof the political process are explained and analysed. Second, apolitical economy model is developed, where environmentalists anda monopolistic utility firm confront each other both on thepolitical and on the energy market. In the lobbying equilibriumthe probability of the environmentalists' winning the gamedepends on the monopoly rent and the perceived social costs ofenergy production. It is shown that it is optimal for themonopolist to reduce his output below the monopolistic output.Finally, the winning strategy in the Schonau case is discussedin the light of the theoretical results of the paper.

Fuel for thought: European energy market restructuring and the future of power generation gas use

Abstract: The liberalisation of the West European electricity and gas markets, technological developments in power technology and environmental policies are expected to stimulate continued strong growth in p ...

Economy- Energy- Climate Interaction- The Model WIAGEM

Abstract: This paper presents an integrated economy-energy-climate model WIAGEM (World Integrated Assessment General Equilibrium Model) which incorporates economic, energetic and climatic modules in an integrated assessment approach. In order to evaluate market and non –market costs and benefits of climate change WIAGEM combines an economic approach with a special focus on the international energy market and integrates climate interrelations by temperature changes and sea level variations. WIAGEM bases on 25 world regions which are aggregated to 11 trading regions and 14 sectors within each region. The representation of the economic relations is based on an intertemporal general equilibrium approach and contains the international markets for oil, coal and gas. The model incorporates all greenhouse gases (GHG) which influence the potential global temperature, the sea level variation and the assessed probable impacts in terms of costs and benefits of climate change. Market and non market damages are evaluated due to the damage costs approaches of Tol (2001). Additionally, this model includes net changes in GHG emissions from sources and removals by sinks resulting from land use change and forest activities. This paper describes the model structure in detail and outlines some general results, especially the impacts of climate change. As a result, climate change impacts do matter within the next 50 years, developing regions face high economic losses in terms of welfare and GDP losses. The inclusion of sinks and other GHG changes results significantly.

The Development of Electricity Markets in the Euro-mediterranean Area: Trends and Prospects for Liberalization and Regional Intergration

Abstract: The main objective of this document is to map key policy issues that need to be addressed to successfully implement energy sector reform at the national, and regional levels, and, provides an overview of global, European, and Mediterranean trends, aiming at facilitating the dissemination of best practices. Chapter I describes international best practices in the design of legal, regulatory, and institutional sector framework, which include corporatization, and restructuring of state-owned energy utilities; separation of regulatory and operational functions, by creating coherent regulatory frameworks, establishing independent regulators, and promoting competition; engaging the electricity industry into generation, transmission, distribution, and trade; introduction of competition in generation, and trade, and, in the regulation of monopolistic activities; promotion of private participation; and, reduction of subsidies, and balance of tariffs. Chapters II and III examine power sector reform in the European Union (EU), and power sector policies of the Mediterranean partners, reviewing liberalization, regulatory institutions, and the development of electricity markets, and power trading in the EU. It specifies that despite recent progress, the main structural flaw of energy reform in the Mediterranean region, has been the lack of liberalization, and effective regulation, contrasting sharply with EU reforms, where the focus for electricity, and gas has been the introduction of competition. Chapter IV proposes an agenda for regional change, through sector reforms, promotion of energy policy, economic analysis, and interconnection, through technical assistance, and financial support, to create integrated, competitive cross-borders for power markets.

From Public Good to Private Exploitation: Gats and the Restructuring of Canadian Electrical Utilities

Abstract: I. INTRODUCTION (*) When George W. Bush announced the U.S. would pursue a North American Energy Framework, his idea was greeted with enthusiasm by the Canadian government and energy-exporting provinces. The public outcry that could have been expected a decade earlier has failed to materialize thus far, probably because of a general sense that a continental energy policy is on a steamroll that is not going to be stopped. As one commentator put it, "there isn't a lot left to negotiate when it comes to CanadaUS energy relations." (1) His take is that the FTA and NAFTA have pretty much sewn up Canada's energy integration with the U.S., and since these agreements came into effect from Sable Island off the coast of Nova Scotia to the Beaufort Sea a web of pipelines is carrying oil and gas south of the border. (2) In some respects this sense that the setting for a common continental energy policy is already in place is correct. The combination of the deregulation of the oil and gas industries in the late 1980s that accompanied the Western Accord, privatization of production in provinces where it was still in the public sector, and the signing of the continental trade agreements radically changed the energy regulatory regime in Canada. (3) These changes accelerated production for exports so that Canada now sells abroad about 59 percent of its natural gas and 30 percent of its oil supply, proportions that are likely to continue to increase since recent price hikes for energy in the U.S. have further stimulated exploration and plans for new pipeline connections. (4) Almost all of Canada's oil and gas exports are to the U.S., with gas accounting for 94 percent of all U.S. natural gas imports and 15 percent of its total market. Canadian exports of crude oil are 14 percent of U.S. imports and account for 8 percent of the total U.S. market. The integration of the U.S. and Canadian oil and gas distribution has had the effect of creating a common energy market for these forms of energy and there is almost nothing except the re-regulation of the entire industry that will halt the convergence of domestic and export pricing. Mexico, unlike Canada, would experience enormous changes in its oil and gas industries through a U.S.-led continental energy deal. Mexico has an exemption in NAFTA for most activities relating to exploration, refining, storage, transmission and distribution of crude oil, natural gas, and basic petrochemicals, so any policy that affects this exemption would bring about a diminution of state powers over oil and gas. (5) Despite the highly integrated nature of the Canadian and the U.S. oil and gas industries, Canada would not come out of this unscathed, mainly because of changes that a U.S.-inspired energy policy would bring to the electricity industry. Electricity is one part of the energy sector where the U.S. still does not have common pricing and unrestricted access to investment, resources and sales within Canadian markets. While some provinces have deregulated electrical generation to encourage private production of electricity, most of the value of Canadian electricity remains in publicly-owned and regulated institutions. Of the five main electricity-exporting provinces, only one, Ontario, has a plan for complete deregulation and open market access. The other four electricity-exporting provinces, B.C., Quebec, Manitoba and New Brunswick, rely primarily on publicly-owned institutions for generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. The public provision of electricity in Canada is in a precarious position because of a number of forces that are driving the deregulation of the industry; forces that relate to both domestic and international pressures. Both domestic and international private-power marketers and suppliers want access to government-controlled markets. (6) They usually justify deregulation ideologically by the claim that private producers operating through the market are inherently superior to government-provided services, and that the introduction of competition in electricity markets would reduce prices. …

Liberalization and modernization of power systems

Abstract: The International Workshop on Liberalization and Modernization of Power Systems: Operation and Control Problems was held at the Energy Systems Institute, Irkutsk, Russia, 1-4 August 2000. The workshop was organized by the Energy Systems Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the University of Dortmund, Germany, and the IEEE PES Russia and Germany Chapters. Twenty-eight presentations on this subject were debated during the workshop. Over 50 delegates from Russia, Germany, Switzerland, Spain, Poland, Slovenia, and China attended. This international workshop was supported by Russian Foundation of Basic Researches and the German Research Council. The high standard of the papers, their presentations, and the technical discussions that followed were particularly gratifying. Many problems were discussed during three workshop sessions in the following areas:  Energy market deregulation  Modeling and simulation in the energy market environment  Modern information technologies in the energy market environment.

The Great Caspian Gas Pipeline Game

Abstract: In this paper we consider the problem of competition between gas pipeline projects This problem becomes especially important in the context of evaluation of the future of energy infrastructure, transportation routes, investments, timing of the projects, supply and consumption, price formation, etc We illustrate significance of these aspects in the case study of the planned Caspian gas pipeline routes to the turkey energy market We propose a dynamical game model for the description of investment scenarios, optimization of commercialization times of gas pipelines, regulation of gas supply and formation of gas price This model constructed on the basis of classical and micro and macro patterns of mathematical economics provides a macroeconomic tool for the analysis of future gas infrastructures It comprises four microeconomic levels of optimization: assessment of the market of potential innovations, selection of innovation scenarios, regulation of the future supply and optimization of the current investments The first simulations of the model give promising results for assessment of energy markets

A quick and practicable power flow tracing method on electric energy market. I. Theoretic fundament

Abstract: In a competitive market environment, to "fairly allocate the total cost of transmission", which is identical with the actual utilization of the network, is most important Based on network theory and graph theorem, this paper theoretically proves and extends the proportional sharing principle With it, the employment of transmission lines by different generators and loads can be confirmed theoretically, while energy consumers can be impartially, rationally charged, and quickly and truly ascertained according to the actual utilization of the network Also based on this principle, many problems in the electricity energy market field can be settled

Innovation-Augmented Ecological Tax Reform: Theory, Model Simulation and New Policy Implications

Abstract: Energy policy is an element of infrastructure policy and thus is important for competitiveness and growth; at the same time it is a crucial element of environmental policy since the generation and use of fossil and nuclear fuels goes along with negative national and international external effects. Following the liberalization initiative, Germany has not chosen to implement the minimum gradual liberalization required by the EU; rather it fully liberalized the electricity market in April 1998 which will lead to falling electricity prices and industry restructuring in a more competitive European market. Since natural gas is an important input — with a competitive edge vis-a-vis alternative inputs — in electricity generation the liberalization of the gas market in the EU initiated by the European Commission will reinforce the liberalization of the energy market. Energy generation and use in turn are key elements for several emissions, most notably CO2 and SO2. These gaseous emissions naturally create transboundary pollution problems; other international aspects of ecological tax reforms concern competitiveness of the tradable goods industry and trade in energy resources and electricity. Moreover, there will be effects on international capital markets to the extent that there will be relocation of energy intensive industries or intensified merger and acquistion activities in the energy sector or in energy-intensive industries facing sharper price and cost competition.

New switching technologies in medium-voltage systems-application and requirements

Abstract: Deregulation is setting new standards also in the energy market It is creating new opportunities for power supply corporations and industrial suppliers The direct competition in power distribution exerts severe cost pressure on the system operation with the result that systems are expanded only if absolutely necessary Consequently, the quality of power supply is stagnating or even, deteriorating To be able to act more flexibly and cost-effective and to meet the requirements of the changed market the operators of public distribution systems and industrial networks ask for new switching solutions These solutions include fast acting solid state circuit-breakers and also DC transmission systems based on electronic power modules and superconducting fault current limiters, and can be used, for example, to link different system sections flexibly without impairing stability or short-circuit behavior

Energy for Economic Development in South Asia: Present Status, Future Requirements, and Potential for Regional Cooperation†

Abstract: South Asia, home to 22 per cent of the global population, consumes only 4 per cent of the total commercial energy produced in the world. Although significant prog ress has been made during the last five decades in increasing energy supply, lack of access to low-cost, clean and reliable sources of energy is still prevalent in South Asia. This has implications for economic development and poverty alleviation efforts. This article reviews the energy market in South Asia taking into account resources, demand conditions, market reforms and potential for regional coopera tion. It argues that regional cooperation can play a limited catalytic role in bringing diverse partners together and creating an environment suitable for negotiations, but it is not a sufficient condition for the optimal utilization of regional energy resources. A necessary precondition is market reforms in individual countries.

A multi-criteria optimization of ancillary services in a competitive energy market

Abstract: This paper reports on a management system, which supports the power system operator to provide ancillary services in a competitive energy market under economical as well as technical objectives. In a combined optimization the minimization of the costs for providing reserve aid for covering transmission losses are presented as well as several parameters of power system operation, which represent the reliability and quality of the system like frequency control, voltage control or transmission capacity. Since the objectives compete, a Pareto-based evolution strategy was selected, in order to solve this multi-criteria optimization problem. The mathematical models representing the competitive objectives are presented and exemplary case study results are given.

System identification for the prediction of the electric energy consumption of a dairy firm

Abstract: A system identification method based on black-box techniques for the prediction of the electric energy consumption in a dairy firm is presented. This prediction is required by the Italian free energy market where the energy sellers aim at selling energy according to a load flow scheduled some days in advance. The black-box identification is employed as an alternative to an energy investigation of the firm. The inputs of the system are the work shifts of each process unit and the output is the electric energy consumption. Two black-box parametric models have been evaluated-linear and neural-and the principal component analysis method has been employed to preprocess the data.

Integration of new switching technologies in medium-voltage systems

Abstract: The liberalized, deregulated energy market is setting new standards, and of course is opening up fresh opportunities for power supply corporations and industrial suppliers. Direct competition in power distribution exerts severe cost pressure on system operation. Systems are expanded only if absolutely necessary. The consequence is stagnating or even deteriorating quality of supply. There is a demand for specific solutions in distribution systems which meet the requirements of the changed market and provide a means of acting more flexibly and cost-effectively. In order, for example, to link various system sections flexibly, without impairing stability or short-circuit behavior, new switching technology is called for. The solutions include high-speed circuit-breakers or DC transmission systems based on electronic power modules and superconducting fault current limiters.