Showing papers on "Ethylene glycol published in 1972"

Polyethers and method for making the same

Abstract: HYDROXY TERMINATED POLYETHERS ARE OBTAINED BY REACTING (1) EPOXIDE AND OXETANE MONOMERS WITH (2) A TELOGEN AT LEAST PARTIALLY SOLUBLE WITH THE MONOMERS, REACTIVE WITH SAID MONOMERS AND BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ORGANIC HYDROXY CONTAINING COMPOUNDS, SULFHYDRYL CONTAINING COMPOUNDS, ALDEHYDES AND KETONES, SUCH AS METHANOL, HEXANEDIONE-2,5, ACETONE, ETHYLENE GLYCOL, TRIMETHYLOL PROPANE, ETC., USING (3) IN ADMIXTURE THEREWITH A CATALYSTS CERTAIN DOUBLE METAL CYANIDE COMPLEXES WHICH PREFERABLY HAD BEEN TREATED WITH ORGANIC MATERIALS LIKE ALCOHOLS, ETHERS, ESTERS AND SO FORTH. A FEATURE OF THE PROCESS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION IS THE PREPARATION OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT DIOLS, TRIOLS, ETC. WITHOUT APPRECIABLE END GROUP UNSATURATION, AND THE USE OF CERTAIN SOLVENTS WITH PARTICULAR MONOMERS AND CATALYSTS TO ALSO ACHIEVE THESE RESULTS. THE PRODUCTS OF THE PRESENT PROCESS ARE USEFUL AS NONIONIC SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS, AS LUBRICANTS AND COOLANTS, AS TEXTILE SIZES, AS FILM FOR PACKAGING AND IN THE PREPARATION OF SOLID OR FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANES BY REACTION WITH POLYISOCYANATES.

Chromatographic Separation of Steroid Hormones for Use in Radioimmunoassay

Abstract: This report describes the separation and purification of various steroids using partition chromatography on celite microcolumns. The mobile phase consists of a mixture of ethyl acetate in isooctane with increasing polarity. The stationary phases for three systems are described, using propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, and water as solvents. Elution is carried out in a stepwise fashion. Combining the above systems of chromatography with partially specific antisera, specific radioimmunoassays for a variety of steroids have been developed.

Jet printing ink composition

Abstract: 1. AN INK COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF 0.5 TO 7.0% BY WEIGHT OF A WATER-SOLUBLE DIRECT DYE AND 5 TO 40% BY EIGHT OF A HUMECTANT SYSTEM FORMED OF A MIXTURE OF A LOWER ALKOXY TRIGLYCOL AND AT LEAST ONE COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF A POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL HAVING AN AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT UP TO ABOUT 600, POLYPROPYENE GLYCOL HAVING AN AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT UP TO AOUT 425, A LOWER ALKYL ETHER OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL AND DITHYLENE GLYCOL, PROPYLENE GLYCOL AND GLYCEROL, WITH THE WEIGHT RATIO OF THE ALKOXY TRIGLYCOL TO SAID COMPOUND BEING WITHIN THE RANGE OF 0.1 TO 3.0, THE INK COPOSITION HAVING A VISCOSITY WITHIN THE RANGE OF 1.0 TO 10 CENTIPOISE AT 25*C. AND A SPECIFIC RESISTIVITY LESS THAN 150 OHM-CM.

Manufacture of polyfunctional compounds

Abstract: A catalyst composition useful in the process for the preparation of polyfunctional oxygen-containing compounds such as ethylene glycol and/or derivatives thereof which comprise reacting an oxide of carbon with hydrogen using a rhodium complex catalyst.

Structure and permeability of porous films of poly(hydroxy ethyl methacrylate)

Abstract: Porous films of poly(hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) have been made by photo-polymerisation of solutions of the monomer. The permeability of homogeneous films depends on the cross-link density and the concentration and composition of the polymerisation solvent. A membrane of minimum water permeability, in which the transport mechanism is principally diffusion, results from a cross-link concentration of ∼9.4 mol-% and a monomer concentration of ∼75% in an aqueous ethylene glycol solvent (20% ethylene glycol). More porous (macroporous) films were prepared by first cooling the solution such that the solvent freezes and the monomer occupies the interstices between the solvent crystals. After polymerisation and removal of the solvent, a porous structure results. The rate of freezing, the profile of the thermal gradient, and the solvent and crosslinker concentrations control the permeability of this film. Slow cooling gives random pores (K ≃6 × 10−15 cm2), but rapid, directional cooling from one face gives oriented pores with K ≃10−12 cm2. A 6-order change in K results from varying the monomer concentration from 40 to 85% in a 4:1 water: ethylene glycol solvent, and a 3-order change from increasing the ethylene glycol content of the solvent from 0 to 40% at a fixed monomer concentration.

Copolyesters of glycols and bisphenols: A new preparative process

Abstract: A new process for the preparation of copolyesters of glycols and bisphenols is described. Employing a preformed polyester, an acid, and a bisphenol diacetate, the procedure is useful for a variety of copolyesters. It is illustrated with the preparation of copolyterephthalates of ethylene glycol and 4,4′-isopropylidenediphenol. The reaction is proposed to proceed by an initial cleavage of the polyester, followed by polymerization of the acid- and acetate-terminated products. Intermediate heterogeneous structures then equilibrate.

Biodegradation of ethylene glycol by a salt-requiring bacterium.

Abstract: A gram-negative nonmotile rod which was capable of using 1,2-(14)C-ethylene glycol as a sole carbon source for growth was isolated from a brine pond, Great Salt Lake, Utah. The bacterium (ATCC 27042) required at least 0.85% NaCl for growth and, although the chloride ion was replaceable by sulfate ion, the sodium ion was not replaceable by potassium ion. The maximal concentration of salt tolerated for growth was approximately 12%. The bacterium was oxidase-negative when N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine was used and weakly positive when N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine was used. It grows on many sugars but does not ferment them, it does not have an exogenous vitamin requirement, and it possesses a guanine plus cytosine ratio of 64.3%. Incorporation of ethylene glycol carbon into cell and respired CO(2) was quantitated by use of radioactive ethylene glycol and a force-aerated fermentor. Glucose suppressed ethylene glycol metabolism. Cells grown on ethylene and propylene glycol respired ethylene glycol in a Warburg respirometer more rapidly than cells grown on glucose. Spectrophotometric evidence was obtained for oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate by a dialyzed cell extract.

Copolyester prepared from polyethylene terephthalate and an acyloxy benzoic acid

Abstract: DISCLOSED IS AN COPOLYESTER HAVING NO SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNT OF ALIPHATIC TO AROMATIC OXYGEN LINKAGES, THE COPOLYESTER BEING COMPRISED OF THE FOLLOWING DIVALENT RADICALS: (A) -CO-(ORGANIC RADICAL)-CO- WHEREIN THE RANGE OF RADICAL (C) IS FROM 20 TO 80 MOLE PERCENT, BASED ON THE TOTAL MOLES OF RADICAL (A) AND RADICAL (C) COMBINED. THE COPOLYESTERS OF THIS INVENTION ARE PREPARED BY A PROCESS COMPRISED OF TWO STEPS. THE FIRST STPE COMPRISE FORMING A FRAGMENTED POLYESTER BY ACIDOLYSIS OF A STARTING POLYESTER WITH AN ACYLOXY BENZOIC ACID. THE SECOND STEP COMPRISES INCREASING THE IBNHERENT VISCOSITY OF THE FRAGMENTED POLYESTER TO FORM THE COPOLYESTER OF THE INVENTION. THE STARTING POLYESTER IS FORMED FROM A DICARBOXYLIC ACID AND ETHYLENE GLYCOL AND CONTAINS A REPEATING UNNIT COMPOSED OF RADICAL (A) ATTACHED TO RADICAL (B) WHEN THE ACYLOXY BENZOIC ACID AND STARTING POLYESTER ARE CONTACTED, ACIDOLYSIS OCCURS AND A FRAGMENTED POLYESTER IS FORMED. THE INHERENT VISCOSITY OF THE FRAGMENTED POLYESTER IS THEN INCREASED TO FORM THE COPOLYESTER OF THE INVENTION COMPRISED OF RADICALS (A), (B) AND (C) RADICAL (A) OF THE COPOLYESTER IS CONTRIBUTED FROM THE DICARBOXYLIC ACID PORTION OF THE STARTING POLYESTER, RADICAL (B) OF THE COPOLYESTER IS CONTRIBUTED FROM THE ETHYLENE GLYCOL PORTION OF THE POLYESTER AND THE ACYLOXY BENZOIC ACID CONTRIBUTES RADICAL (C) TO THE COPOLYESTER, RADICAL (C) WILL BE RECOGNIZED AS THE RADICAL REMAINING AFTER REMOVAL OF THE ACYL AND HYDROXY GROUPS FROM THE ACYLOXY BENZOIC ACID. THE COPOLYESTERS OF THIS INVENTION EXHIBIT UNOBVIOUS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES.

Effect of organic solvents on the properties of the complexes of DNA with proflavine and similar compounds.

Abstract: In order to obtain information on the binding forces involved in the formation of the complex proflavine–DNA by the stronger process I, the stability of the complexes was investigated in the presence of various organic solvents, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, p-dioxane, glycerol, and ethylene glycol. Quantitative data on binding in terms of K/n and r were obtained by means of absorption and fluorescence spectra, as well as by a thermal denaturation technique. All organic solvents used decrease the binding ability of the dye. The effectiveness of the solvents increases with their hydrocarbon content, but can hardly be related to their dielectric constant. The complex formation is effectively suppressed by organic solvent concentrations, in which DNA still preserves its double-helical conformation. These results demonstrate the importance of hydrophobic forces in the formation of the complex proflavine–DNA in aqueous solution. The similarity in spectroscopic properties of proflavine bound to DNA by process I and the same dye dissolved in an organic solvent make it possible to interpret the observed red shift of the long-wavelength absorption peak as being due to the interaction of the dye molecules with the less polar environment. The same behavior was found for other dyes capable of intercalation like purified trypaflavine, phenosafranine and ethidium bromide. However, intercalation is not a necessary condition, as it was shown in the case of pinacyanol, which binds only at the surface of DNA.

Cellulose acetate blend membranes

Abstract: Cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes which have an improved product flux and are suitable for use in the desalination of water can be prepared from casting solutions which consist of a cellulose ester having an acetyl content of 41.5 to 42.7 percent by weight of the cellulose ester, a solvent, and an ether alcohol or more specifically an alkyl half-ether of ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol. The casting solutions do not contain a swelling agent or nonsolvent.

Method of improving adhesive properties of a surface comprising a cured epoxy

Abstract: A method of improving adhesive properties of a surface, comprising a cured epoxy product resulting from curing an epoxy composition, comprising from 0 to 20 weight percent of an uncured epoxylated novolac resin and a remainder of an uncured bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin epoxy resin, is disclosed. The method comprises exposing the cured epoxy surface to a suitable swellant to swell the surface. Some typical suitable swellants include dimethylformamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, a mixture comprising 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and an organic component selected from the group comprising (a) ethylene glycol, (b) 4-hydroxy-4-methyl2-pentanone, and (c) formic acid and a mixture comprising dimethylformamide and an organic component selected from the group comprising (a) ethylene glycol, (b) 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2pentanone, (c) formic acid, (d) 1,1,1 trichloroethane, (3) a mixture of methyl ethyl ketone and 1,1,2 trichloro-1,2,2 trifluoroethane, and (f) a mixture of acetone and 1,1,2trichloro-1,2,2 trifluoroethane. The swelled surface is then exposed to a suitable acidic etching solution, comprising Cr 6 ions therein, to etch the surface.

Caustic cleaner composition

Abstract: A CAUSTIC CONTAINING CLEANER COMPOSITION IS DESCRIBED WHICH COMPRISES AN ALAKLI, AN NON-IONIC SURFACTANT, WATER AND FROM ABOUT 3 TO ABOUT 20% BY WEIGHT OF A SOLVENT COMPRISING A MIXTURE OF TWO DIFFERENT PHENYL GLYCOL ETHERS OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL, DIETHYLENE GLYCOL OR TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL. THE COMPOSITION, WHICH MAY OPTIONALLY INCLUDE A SECONDAARY OR TERTIARY ALIPHATIC AMINE AND ONE OR MORE OTHER ORGANIC SOLVENTS, IS USEFUL FOR REMOVING GREASE AND OTHER DEPOSITS FROM SOILED SURFACES SUCH AS OVEN WALLS.

Radiation Chemistry of Ethylene Glycol, Meso‐Erythritol, 2‐Deoxy‐D‐Ribose and Alkyl Phosphates as DNA Model Compounds

Abstract: The γ-radiolysis of ethylene glycol, meso-erythritol, 2-deoxy-ribose, and alkyl phosphates has been studied in diluted (10−2 M), N2 O-saturated, deoxygenated aqueous solutions. Products and their G values have been determined. Reaction schemes were derived from complete material balances. In the polyols the primary attack of the radiolytically formed OH radicals and H atoms leads to α, β-dihydroxyalkyl radicals (A) which eliminate water to give substituted α-carbonyl-methyl radicals: (B) Disproportionation reactions of the radicals A and B yield products having the structural units COCHOH and COCH2 —. In ethylene glycol a chain reaction is induced, radical B abstracts a hydrogen from ethylene glycol to give acetaldehyde and radical A. In 2-deoxy-ribose the major attack is at C-1. Products from this radical are 2-deoxy-ribonic acid and 2,5-dideoxy-ribonic acid. In the formation of the latter a rearrangement is involved. With trimethyl phosphate, the reaction of the solvated electron is only small (2 × 10s 1/mole sec), as shown by pulse radiolysis. Dimethyl and methyl phosphates do not react with the solvated electron to a measurable extent. The attack of the OH radical apparently leads to a cleavage of the alkyl phosphate linkage.

Adducts,containing epoxide groups,from polyglycidyl compounds and acid polyesters of aliphatic-cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids,process for their manufacture and use

Abstract: New adducts, containing epoxide groups, from (1) polyglycidyl compounds which contain at least one carbo-cyclic or heterocyclic ring and (2) acid polyesters which are obtained by esterification of aliphatic-cycloaliphatic higher dicarboxylic acids (manufactured by dimerization of unsaturated monomeric fatty acids with 14 to 24 carbon atoms in the molecule, preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms, and optional subsequent hydrogenation of such a dimeric fatty acid) with C2-C18 glycols or diglycols (for example ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, neopentylglycol or 1,6-hexanediol) by reaction with warming to form an adduct, with 0.03 to 0.4, preferably 0.1 to 0.3, equivalents of the acid polyester being employed per 1 equivalent of epoxide groups. The curing of such (so-called) ''''advanced'''' epoxide compounds with carbocyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides yields flexible impact-resistant shaped articles the mechanical properties of which are largely temperature-independent.

The Osmoregulatory System of the Amoeba, Acanthamoeba Castellanii

Abstract: 1. It is estimated that Acanthamoeba castellanii eliminates a volume of water equal to its body volume in about 15-30 min. About 7% of the vacuolar discharge enters the body by means other than osmosis through the surface membrane. Food vacuoles fusing with the contractile vacuole do not significantly affect the rate of output. 2. Vacuolar output declines with the age of culture so that during the stationary phase of growth it is about half of that during early log phase of growth. 3. The rate of output of the contractile vacuole decreases with an increase of concentration of a non-penetrating solute in the external medium and shows a rectilinear relationship up to 0.07 M concentration. A low residual output after 0.07 M may be due to food vacuoles and pinocytic vacuoles. 4. On the basis of vacuolar output the excess internal osmotic pressure and permeability constant of water has been estimated as 0.07 M non-electrolyte and 0.04µm min-1 atm.-1 respectively. 5. On the basis of vacuolar behaviour it is concluded that the relative permeabilities of the plasma membrane to different solutes follows this order: methyl alcohol > ethylene glycol > urea > glycerol. On certain assumptions the permeability of the plasma membrane to ethylene glycol has been estimated provisionally as 0.107 x 10-16 mol/sec/µm2/mol/l. 6. Vacuolar behaviour suggests that sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium sulphate and potassium chloride, but not magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, pass into the cell freely. 7. Growth of populations of A. castellanii is almost normal in polyethylene glycol 600 up to 0.07 M concentration but in higher concentrations it is low. There are some indications of an increase in volume of A . castellanii in cultures of polyethylene glycol 600 up to 0.07 M concentration, but not in higher concentrations. For amoebae cultured in media containing polyethylene glycol 600 the rate of output of the contractile vacuole declines sharply with an increase of polyethylene glycol 600 up to 0.07 M concentration and then more gradually.

Process for the semi-continuous preparation of high-molecular weight linear polyesters

Abstract: 1. A CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYESTERS FROM TEREPHTHALIC ACID AND ETHYLENE GLYCOL, WHICH COMPRISES, IN A FIRST REACTION STEP ADDING TEREPHTHALIC ACID AND ETHYLENE GLYCOL TO BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)TEREPHTHALATE AT A RATIO OF 1.0 TO 1.1 MOLE OF TEREPHTHALIC ACID PER MOLE OF BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)TEREPHTHALIC PRESENT AND 0.3 TO 0.9 MOLE OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL PER MOLE OF FREE TEREPHTHALIC ACID THAT IS BEING ADDED, HEATING THE RESULTANT MIXTURE TO A TEMPERATURE BETWEEN 240 AND 310* C. IN AN INERT ATMOSPHERE AND AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE UNTIL A PRECONDENSTATE CONSISTING OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT ESTERIFICATION PRODUCT IS FORMED, SEPARATING SAID PRECONDENSATE INTO A FIRST AND A SECOND HALF, IN A SECOND REACTION STEP FURTHER POLYCONDENSING SAID FIRST HALF OF SAID PRECONDENSATE AT A TEMPERATURE OF 260 TO 300* C. AND AT A PRESSURE BELOW 1 MM. OF MERCURY UNTIL A HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT LINEAR POLYESTER IS OBTAINED, IN A THIRD REACTION STEP REACTING THE SECOND HALF OF SAID PRECONDENSATE AT A TEMPERATURE ABOVE 200* C. WITH ETHYLENE GLYCOL, THE AMOUNT OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL ADDED IN THIS STEP BEING SUCH THAT WHEN TAKEN TOGETHER WITH HALF THE AMOUNT OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL ADDED IN THE FIRST REACTION STEP, AN AMOUNT IS OBTAINED THAT IS MOLECULARLY EQUIVALENT TO THE AMOUNT OF FREE TEREPHTHALIC ACID ADDED IN THE FIRST REACTION STEP, THEREBY GLYCOLIZING THE PRECONDENSATE TO BIS(2HYDROXYETHYL)TEREPHTHALATE, AND RECYCLING SAID BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL9TEREPHTHALATE TO THE FIRST REACTION STEP AND CONTINUOUSLY REPEATING SAID STEPS.

Polyurethane elastomers based on poly(epsilon-caprolactone)polyols

Abstract: SOLID AND MICROCELLULAR POLYURETHANE ELASTOMERS PREPARED BY REACTING (A) LIQUID POLYESTERS CONTAINING FROM ABOUT 25 PERCENT BY WEIGHT TO ABOUT 70 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF THE EPSILON-OXYCAPROYL UNIT, THE BALANCE OF THE POLYESTER BEING DERIVED FROM THE REACTION OF AT LEAST ONE DICARBOCYLIC ACID WITH AT LEAST TWO GLYCOLS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ETHYULENE GLYCOL, 1,3-PROPANEDIOL, 1,4-BUTANEDIOL AND 1,5-PENTANEDIOL, (B) AN ORGANIC POLYISOCYANATE, AND OPTIONALLY (C) A CHAIN-EXTENDER COMPRISING WATER, GLYCOLS, AMINO ALCOHOLS, OR DIAMINES. IF THE LIQUID POLYESTER (A) IS BRANCHED, FOR EXAMPLE, BY ADDITION OF SMALL QUANTITIES OF A TRIOL, THE REACTION WITH THE ORGANIC POLYISOCYANATE MAY BE CONDUCTED IN THE ABSENCE OF A CHAIN-EXTENDER. PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING THESE ELASTOMERS ARE ALSO DISCLOSED. NOVEL LIQUID, SUBSTANTIALLY PRIMARY HYDROXYL-TERMINATED, LINEAR AND BRANCHED POLYESTERS CONTAINING FROM ABOUT 25 PERCENT BY WEIGHT TO AS MUCH AS ABOUT 70 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF THE EPSILON-OCYCAPROYL UNIT -O-(CH2)5-CO- THE BALANCE OF THE POLYESTER BEING DERIVED FROM THE REACTION OF AT LEAST ONE DICARBOXYLIC ACID WITH AT LEAST TWO STRAIGHT CHAIN GLYCOLS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL, 1,3-PROPANEDIOL, 1,4-BUTANEDIOL AND 1,5-PENTANEDIOL. THESE POLYESTERS HAVE A TRUE MELTING POINT NO HIGHER THAN ABOUT 30*C. ALSO PROVIDED ARE PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING THESE POLYESTERS.

Method of making durable antistatic and hygroscopic polyester fibers

Abstract: A durable antistatic and hygroscopic polyester fiber comprising ethylene terephthalate component is obtained by forming a specific water-insoluble polymer on the surface and inside of the fiber material. Said water-insoluble polymer comprises copolymerizing a mixture of poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate and/or diacrylate and an alkali metal salt and/or ammonium salt of an ethylenically unsaturated organic acid.

Catalytic action of calcium acetate and the manganese acetate–sodium acetate mixture in the pre‐esterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol

Abstract: Products of pre-esterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at various times carried out with two catalysts, i.e., calcium acetate and a mixture of manganese and sodium acetates, were studied. Thin-layer chromatography was used to follow the fundamental reaction and determine the type and degree of oligomerization. It was established that the manganese–sodium acetate mixed catalyst is more efficient both with regard to pre-esterification and oligomerization.

Oxidation of glycols

Abstract: PROCESS FOR PREPARING MONOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS FROM GLYCOLS WHEREBY THE FORMATION OF MONOCARBOXYLIC ACID IS FAVORED AND THE FORMATION OF DICARBOXYLIC ACID IS SUBSTANTIALLY SUPPRESSED. THE PROCESS COMPRISES OXIDIZING NEOPENTYL GLYCOL, ETHYLENE GLYCOL, AND POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS CONTAINING FROM 2 TO 8 ETHYLENE GLYCOL UNITS TO THE CORRESPONDING MONOCARBOXYLIC ACID, IN THE PRESENCE OF AN OXYGEN CONTAINING GAS AND A SUPPORTED PLATINUM METAL OXIDATION CATALYST, WHILE ADDING A SUITABLE BASE TO MAINTAIN THE PH OF THE REACTION MIXTURE WITHIN THE RANGE OF 6.5 TO 9.

Liquid octa 2-lower alkoxy ethoxides of aluminum and (magnesium or calcium)

Abstract: Alkoxy ethoxides, for example 2-methoxy ethoxide, of aluminum and magnesium or aluminum and calcium, are provided. These compounds are of the formula MAl2(O-CH2-CH2-O-R)8 wherein M is calcium or magnesium and wherein R is an alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; they are liquids at about 25*C. and about 1 atmosphere of pressure and are produced by reacting aluminum and magnesium or calcium with mono-alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol. Methods for hydrolyzing the compounds to obtain oxides of the formula MgAl2O4 and CaAl2O4 are disclosed. For example, magnesium aluminum octa(2 methoxy ethoxide) is produced, using ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (methyl ''''Cellosolve'''') as a reagent; the material is hydrolyzed and heated to form MgAl2O4.

Irradiated composition for soft contact lens

Abstract: 1. A HYDROSCOPIC POLYMERIZED AND IRRADIATED COMPOSITION ADAPTED TO BE SWOLLEN BY WATER TO MAKE A SOFT CONTACT LENS CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF 20-45% OF A HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT SOLID POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE ONTO WHICH IS GRAFT POLYMERIZED 80-55% OF MONOMETHACRYLATE ESTER OF A GLYCOL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, DIETHYLENE GLYCOL AND DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL, THERE BEING PRESENT LESS THAN 1% METHACRYLIC ACID AND LESS THAN 0.2% DIMETHACRYLATE AS IMPURITIES IN SAID ESTER WHICH IS INITIATED IN STATIC CONDITION AT 40-60* C. FOR 4-24 HOURS WITH LOW TEMPERATURE FREE-RADICAL INITIATOR SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF DISECONDARY BUTYL PEROXY DICARBONATE, PYRROLIDONE ACETYL PEROXIDE AND CYCLOHEXANONE PEROXIDE IN A CONCENTRATION OF ABOUT 0.1% BY WEIGHT OF SAID ESTER AND POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE AND FURTHER POLYMERIZED AT 90-120*C FOR 1/2 TO 2 HOURS WITH MEDIUM TEMPERATURE FREE-RADICAL INITIATOR SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF BENXOYL PEROXIDE, DIETHYL PEROXIDE, AZOISOBUTYRONITRILE AND ORTHOTOLYL PEROXIDE IN A CONCENTRATION OF ABOUT 0.1% BY WEIGHT OF SAID ESTER AND POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE, SAID COMPOSITION BEING SUBSTANTIALLY IRRADIATED UNDER HIGH ENERGY 250 WATT ULTRAVOILET RADIATION OF WAVELENGTH 2000-4000 ANGSTROMS FOR 1/2 TO 4 HOURS OF X-RAYS AT A DOSAGE 10**7 ROENTGENS FOR 15 MINUTES TO 1 HOUR OR UNDER GAMMA RAYS IN A DOSAGE OF 5 TO 95 MEGARADS FOR 5 MINUTES TO 1 HOUR. D R A W I N G