Showing papers on "Exemplification published in 2012"

Exemplification in communication: The influence of case reports on the perception of issues.

Abstract: This volume offers a new conceptual framework for exemplification, a coherent theoretical approach based on contemporary psychological models of information processing, and an exhaustive integration of the pertinent research demonstrations. Focus is on the news media, but the influence of fiction and quasi-fiction is also considered. The informational competition between concrete, verbal, or pictorial exemplification and abstract, mostly quantitative exposition is analyzed. Implications for issue perception, including delayed consequences are also examined. Exemplification is subjected to conceptual scrutiny and a new theoretical framework is offered. Contemporary psychological paradigms are applied to predict effects of various forms of exemplification. Perhaps most important, novel experimental research is presented to document the specific consequences of exemplifications featured in the news, even of those featured in fiction. Finally, recommendations for information providers and recipients are derived from the research demonstration in order to advance media literacy specific to exemplification. This unique volume: * provides a comprehensive account of the power of case-report selection in the manipulation of perceptions of social issues, * addresses exemplification in communication, i.e., the influence of case reports in the news media, primarily, on the perception of pertinent social issues, * offers an empirical assessment of the practice of issue exemplifying by the media, * gives an exhaustive account of representative research on exemplification effects on issue perception--primarily by the news media, but also by the entertainment media, and * includes a compilation of guidelines for information providers and recipients in efforts at creating media literacy with regard to exemplification.

Brand Equity Planning with Structuralist Rhetorical Semiotics: A Conceptual Framework

Abstract: This paper furnishes a structuralist rhetorical semiotic conceptual framework for brand equity planning, while employing for exemplification purposes the advertising filmic text as key source of equity. The framework assumes as blueprint Greimas’s model of the trajectory of signification. Structuralist operations and operations of rhetorical transformation are posited as the basis for the generation of brand associations. The proposed conceptual model challenges the Greimasian assumption that a depth semantic structure is reducible to a binarist rationale. A connectionist approach is adopted in demonstrating how the strata of a brand’s trajectory of signification interact with view to generating brand associations.

Problematizing the didactic triangle

Abstract: This paper suggests that the typical framing of the didactic triangle in the English-speaking literature is narrower than it should be, and that it should be broadened to view classroom activities from a more social/cultural perspective. A framework for examining mathematically productive classrooms is given and exemplified, with the exemplification providing a point of departure for the kinds of analytic work that might be done.

A professional judgment and decision making case study: reflection-in-action research.

Abstract: This case study of an elite judo player recovering from injury provides an exemplification of a practitioner’s Professional Judgment and Decision Making (PJDM) using a ‘reflection-in-action research’ methodology. The process of “reflection-in-action” Schon (1991) and in particular the concept of ‘framing’ offer insight into how professionals think in action. These concepts assisted the practitioner in organizing, clarifying and conceptualizing the client’s issues and forming intentions for impact. This case study exemplifies the influence of practitioner PJDM on implementation at multiple levels of practice including planning the overall program of support, designing specific interventions to aid client recovery and moment-to-moment in-situ decision making session-by session. It is suggested that consideration of practitioner PJDM should be a strong feature of case study reporting and that this approach carries the potential to extend our use of case studies within applied sport psychology practice.

Exploring relationships between teacher identities and disciplinarity

Abstract: The relationships between discipline specialization, teacher identity, and pedagogy can be seen as the crux of practice in the music classroom – impacting on all the actions of the teacher, both within and outside the classroom. Crucially, the impact of music teacher identity on the nature of music teaching and learning is one that has the potential to illuminate influences underlying the professional practices of teachers. This project explores how experienced, well-regarded teachers define their own identities, and implications of such identities to their practice. The primary mode of data collection was through extended semi-structured interviews, although observations of the classroom were also undertaken. Grounded theory analysis techniques were utilized, involving inductive and deductive coding to develop themes and sub-themes. The structured data set was then used to theorize the central topics of the study, while always returning to the empirical data for verification and exemplification. Findings suggest that music teachers identify firstly as performing musicians, and this impacts greatly on the way they perceive themselves in their teaching practice. The analysis raises questions about useful ways for music educators to conceive of their professional identities. Findings have the potential to provide insights into improving classroom practice.

Against zero-dimensional material objects (and other bare particulars)

Abstract: A modus tollens against zero-dimensional material objects is presented from the premises (i) that if there are zero-dimensional material objects then there are bare particulars, and (ii) that there are no bare particulars. The argument for the first premise proceeds by elimination. First, bare particular theory and bundle theory are motivated as the most appealing theories of property exemplification. It is then argued that the bundle theorist’s Ockhamism ought to lead her to reject spatiotemporally located zero-dimensional property instances. Finally, it is argued that since she must accept such instances if she accepts zero-dimensional material object bundles, she ought to avoid the latter. This leaves bare particular theory as the default view of zero-dimensional material objects. The argument for the second premise invokes the thesis that the exemplification of at least one sparse property is a prerequisite for the existence of any particular. It is argued from Humean considerations that bare particulars fail this prerequisite.

Telepresence and Exemplification: Does Spatial Presence Impact Sleeper Effects?

Abstract: Exemplification theory (Zillmann, 1999, 2002; Zillmann & Brosius, 2000) suggests exemplar representations in media content may cause people to make overestimated judgments about observed phenomena. Other exemplification research also notes the possibility of a sleeper effect (Gibson & Zillmann, 1994). One hundred forty-seven participants viewed a news story about a terrorist attack in Iraq in one of five conditions meant to manipulate aspects of telepresence and a sleeper effect. Data were not consistent with predictions related to telepresence and sleeper effects. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Making manifest: the role of exemplification in the sciences and the arts

Abstract: Exemplification is the relation of an example to whatever it is an example of. Goodman maintains that exemplification is a symptom of the aesthetic: although not a necessary condition, it is an indicator that symbol is functioning aesthetically. I argue that exemplification is as important in science as it is in art. It is the vehicle by which experiments make aspects of nature manifest. I suggest that the difference between exemplars in the arts and the sciences lies in the way they exemplify. Density and repleteness (among the other symptoms of the aesthetic) are characteristic of aesthetic exemplars but not of scientific ones. doi: 10.5007 / 1808-1711.2011v15n3p399

Consequentialism in Law

Abstract: This essay analyses the significance of consequentialism in legislation and legal adjudication. After a short discussion of legislative impact assessment, the debate on consequentialism in legal adjudication is presented in detail, making particular reference to the situation in Germany, Switzerland and Anglo-American countries. By way of exemplification, the discussion moves on to consider the application of the Hand rule in tort liability.

Exemplification Effects of Multimedia Enhancements

Abstract: This research addresses multimedia effects through the lens of exemplification, thereby providing insight into consequences of using multimedia to embellish news content. Specifically, the study examines whether the vivid display of multimedia enhancements could influence the way people perceive issues reported in the accompanying stories. A 3 × 2 × 2 mixed factorial experiment was conducted with exemplar valence and exemplar vividness presented via multimedia elements and time of response serving as factors. According to the results, the content of multimedia additions created a shift in issue perception. The more interesting finding was the interaction effect of valence and vividness in multimedia exemplification. Valence of highly vivid exemplars was more likely to bias issue perception than did valence of non-vivid exemplars. This effect occurred in the presence of identical, two-sided textual content across all conditions. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Toward a Taxonomy of Loanword Prosody

Abstract: Building on previous works (e.g. Kubozono 2006, and Kang 2010), this article attempts to establish a taxonomy for loanword prosody, referring specifically to the patterns of stress, tone, or pitch-accent that are found in loanwords. Toward a taxonomy, we consider the following factors: (i) whether the pronunciation of the word in the source language influences the assignment of prosody in the borrowing language; (ii) whether prosody assignment is aided by rules (or constraints) that are specific to loanwords; and (iii) whether segmental features or suprasegmental features play a role. Exemplification of languages instantiating the taxonomy will be provided with discussion regarding issues that arise from the proposed taxonomy.

Public's Responses to Aviation Accidents: The Role of Exemplification and Attributions

Abstract: Although aviation accidents are due to various causes, the media may focus on particular causes, which is likely to contribute to the public's perceptions about aviation accidents. This research examines how the public's prevalence estimates of the causes of aviation accidents can vary when the media provides exemplars of internal causes (pilot error and mechanical failure) and on external causes (weather). The distribution of these exemplars varied between the two experimental messages: internal attribution message and external attribution message. Compared with the external attribution message, the internal attribution message resulted in higher prevalence estimates of internal causes. The internal attribution message had indirect effects on punitive opinions mediated by responsibility judgments. In addition, exemplification effects were observed two weeks after exposure, and the effects were greater among respondents who better recalled the exemplifying information. The results of this study suggest th...

The Role of Exemplification in Shaping Third-Person Perceptions and Support for Restrictions on Video Games

Abstract: The origins of third-person perceptions remain uncertain, with most research focusing on psychological mechanisms. We investigate whether media content might also play a role, using a 2 × 2 experiment presenting a single story describing video games as harmful or harmless and using either research and statistics or a specific anecdotal exemplar to illustrate this claim. Results show perceived effects on others are influenced by the use of an exemplar but do not show an effect for explicitly describing games as harmful. The findings suggest that media may influence third-person perceptions and subsequent support for censorship in previously unexplored ways.

The Exemplification of Rules: An Appraisal of Pettit’s Approach to the Problem of Rule-following

Abstract: This paper offers an appraisal of Phillip Pettit’s approach to the problem how a merely finite set of examples can serve to represent a determinate rule, given that indefinitely many rules can be e...

Soft Thought in Architecture and Choreography

Abstract: This article is an introduction to and exploration of the concept of ‘soft thought’. What we want to propose through the definition of this concept is an aesthetic of digital code that does not necessarily presuppose a relation with the generative aspects of coding, nor with its sensorial perception and evaluation. Numbers do not have to produce something, and do not need to be transduced into colours and sounds, in order to be considered as aesthetic objects. Starting from this assumption, our main aim will be to reconnect the numerical aesthetic of code with a more ‘abstract’ kind of feeling, the feeling of numbers indirectly felt as conceptual contagions’, that are ‘conceptually felt but not directly sensed. The following pages will be dedicated to the explication and exemplification of this particular mode of feeling, and to its possible definition as ‘soft thought’.

Three Stravinsky Analyses: Petrushka , Scene 1 (to Rehearsal No. 8); The Rake’s Progress , Act III, Scene 3 (“In a foolish dream”); Requiem Canticles , “Exaudi”

Abstract: [1] In his classic description of the relationship between theory and analysis, David Lewin states that theory describes the way that musical sounds are "conceptually structured categorically prior to any one specific piece," whereas analysis turns our attention to "the individuality of the specific piece of music under study," with a goal "simply to hear the piece better, both in detail and in the large" (Lewin 1968, 61-63, italics in original). In practice, we create theories in order to engender and empower analysis and we use analysis as a proving ground for our theories. In the field of music theory as currently constituted, theory-based analysis and analysis-oriented theory are the principal and the statistically predominant activities.[2] But in the relationship between theory and analysis, theory has long been the dominant partner. In the conference papers, journal articles, and scholarly monographs that are our principal means of communicating with each other, analysis is almost always presented in the service of theory, as demonstration or exemplification. At least in the professional literature, analysis is rarely pursued for its own sake. There are many reasons for this inequality in the relationship between theory and analysis, including some of the intrinsic features of analysis. As Kofi Agawu (2004) has argued, analysis has strong affinities with performance: "Firstly, analytical knowledge is not necessarily cumulative; secondly, analytical knowledge resists or escapes verbal summary; thirdly, analysis is a hands-on activity; and fourthly, analysis may be if not primarily then at least equally an oral rather than a written genre" (274). As a result, analysis has seemed more naturally at home in the classroom than the professional press.[3] Online publishing, however, with its ability to recreate the spontaneity and interactivity of the classroom, offers a way of making analysis a central scholarly activity, pursued not in exemplification of a theory but for its own pleasures and rewards. Of course any musical analysis involves an underlying theory, explicit or not: there is no escape from theory. Nonetheless, it is possible to shift the balance a bit and reverse the usual polarity, asking theory to move quietly to the background and permit analysis to come to the fore. In what follows, I offer a small bouquet of Stravinsky analyses, without any particular theoretical axe to grind. I will explore Scene 1 from Petrushka; Act III, Scene 3 ("In a foolish dream") from The Rake's Progress; and "Exaudi" from Requiem Canticles. My goal is simply to hear these pieces better.[4] For the most part, the works are discussed under certain recurring rubrics, including score, motive, contour, melody and harmony, recomposition, collection, symmetry, rhythm and meter, and meaning and expression:[5] Score. I have provided my own short-score reductions of these three orchestral compositions (in general, the published two-piano or piano-vocal versions concede too much to pianistic limitations). In the "Exaudi" analysis, the score reductions are combined with serial derivations from Stravinsky's row charts. Further discussion of this aspect may be found in Straus 2001, which includes additional relevant bibliography. The scores are presented in brief excerpts, corresponding to the discrete textural blocks of the music. On this persistent aspect of Stravinskian form, see Van den Toorn 1983, Taruskin 1996, and Horlacher 2011.[6] Motive. Recurring melodic motives are discussed and analyzed using basic atonal set theory, especially intervals and Tn-types (Rahn 1980; Straus 2005).[7] Contour. Melodic shapes are described with reference to contour-pitches, contour segments (CSEGs), and contour-segment classes (CSEG-classes), in the manner of Marvin and Laprade 1987 and Morris 1987. …

Integrating Mobile Marketing into the Marketing Communication: Exemplification of Mobile Marketing Campaigns

Abstract: Penetration of Internet all over the world, closely followed by mobile technology creates opportunities for companies to reach their potential and current customers. Developments in information and communication technology give rise to new marketing communication channels and companies integrate all these channels to communicate the value propositions to their customers. Mobile communication is a fast-growing medium in terms of penetration and usage. The worldwide mobile subscriber base is still growing, there are more than 3 billion mobile subscribers worldwide (Wireless Intelligence, 2007). Mobile networks and infrastructure make connections better than ever and mobile handsets become better and easier to use. Therefore, mobile communication is becoming a primary means of communication channel. The emergence of high speed wireless network technologies and the increasing market penetration of mobile phones and other mobile devices highlight ABSTRACT

Brand Equity Planning with Structuralist Operations and Operations of Rhetorical Transformation

Abstract: This paper furnishes a structuralist rhetorical semiotic conceptual framework for brand equity planning, while employing for exemplification purposes the advertising filmic text as key source of equity. The framework assumes as blueprint Greimas’s model of the trajectory of signification. Structuralist operations and operations of rhetorical transformation are posited as the basis for the generation of brand associations. The conceptual model put forward challenges the Greimasian assumption that a depth semantic structure is reducible to a binarist rationale. A connectionist approach is adopted in demonstrating how the strata of a brand’s trajectory of signification interact with view to generating brand associations.

O teorii kulturowego doboru grupowego na przykładzie analizy rozwoju chrześcijaństwa w cesarstwie rzymskim

Abstract: The goal of the paper is to evaluate a theory of cultural group selection, i.e. a theory which purports to explain an evolution of cultural artefacts (e.g. religious beliefs or ethical ideas). In order to realize this aim, the concept of the explanatory power of a theory T is introduced in the paper. The concept allows for two parameters: the extent of a theory, i.e., a quantity of phenomena explained by this theory, and a quantity of alternative theories explaining in an at least prima facie plausible way phenomena that belong to the extent of theory T. The argumentation pursued in the paper is supposed to justify three main claims: that the extent of the theory cultural group selection is not universal (because it does not embrace, e.g., scientific ideas); that there are other theories which explain plausibly the evolution of cultural artefacts; and that the two first claims do not undermine the value of the theory of cultural group selection. The last part of the paper is connected with the third claim: it is a case-study of the spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire; the study is based on the theory of cultural group selection and is to serve as an exemplification of a more general thesis which says that it is the competition of religious beliefs that can be especially fruitfully modeled by means of the theory of cultural group selection.

Conceptual-Intentional bootstrapping in the acquisition of the English verb

Abstract: In the thesis I argue that intentionality, infant subjective knowledge and metacognitive growth, all interact to constrain and focus language acquisition to an inevitable and successful outcome. Neither innate UG, nor emergent usage based theories adequately address these elements and the literature review reveals that some or all them are either assumed, side-lined or left unconsidered by standard bootstrapping hypotheses. When foregrounded however, these elements can be demonstrated to provide a bridge between the conceptual and syntactic systems. I show that initially, infants’ utterances focus on the ‘here-and-now’ in joint attention, and they express infant subjective knowledge about how dynamic properties are attributive of substantive objects/entities. Uses of apparent nominal and verbal forms lack their typical grammatical function. Infants around 18months old, experience an inherent meta-cognitive development, which enables them to collate representations of Manifest Events, alongside a contrasting, constructed representation of a desired or intentional state of affairs. These Complex Events involve sub-events which are not currently in shared attention. Associated utterances involve intentions and desires, which require them to be understood by others. The acquisition of a conventional means of expression is therefore paramount. The research presents three sets of corpus studies based on 22,000 infant utterances, and includes exemplification from diary evidence, to show the inevitable bootstrapping effect of such intentional utterances. Complex Events require a predicate that describes an intentional state change and also a means to refer to a theme object that ‘measures out’ the change. In effect, it requires the use of Verbs and DPs. In contrast to other theories I show that it is only Complex Events that are the locus for the advent of grammatical categories [V] and [DP] and that a surprisingly simple, minimalist Merge process licensed by a selectional feature afforded by ‘it’, effectively bootstraps the syntactic system for English.

The Turkish clarinet: Its history, an exemplification of its practice by Serkan Cagri, and a single case study.

Abstract: The document provides a glimpse into the world of Turkish performance for a Western audience, including a history of the Turkish clarinet, a description of the instrument as exemplified by Serkan Cagri's career, and a single case study of the author's lessons with Cagri. Audio and video supplemental materials are included

The Faculty of Feeling

Abstract: The paper attempts to elucidate the nature and action of feeling: a subject corresponding to the original conception of aesthetics by Baumgarten. It analyzes several different uses of the verb "to feel" in order to bring out the difference between simple perception and feeling. Feeling, it emerges, is an overtone given to a perception that has something particular, or ineffable, about it. With reference to Nelson Goodman's notion of exemplification, and the Kantian conception of reflective judgment, feeling is defined as a resonance that arises spontaneously in us, in response to the perceptive stimuli of an object, from the depth of our memory as the store of past experience. Lastly, the paper explains the basis of freshness of feeling, and the individuality and universality of feeling.

"How pleasant to watch Nothing": Narrativity and Desire in V.

Abstract: Pynchon's seriously playful manipulation of narrative makes the reading of his first novel V. an exploration of V. not only as literary experience but also as psychoanalytic quest into the self of the reader. Like the detective genre that he parodies, V. is a novel that invites the reader to follow along in the process of investigating V. and in so doing of asking the question of what is V., but more importantly of what is my V.? The course of the present investigation will be one of going beyond the multiplicity of possible V.s in order to determine the essence of V, insofar as this may be a vehicle for analyzing the manner in which Pynchon utilizes narrative in order to formally exemplify the content of his novel. What will then be important to look at is not the particular manner(s) in which V. appears in the novel and to try and prioritize one over the others or rule some out; what must be determined in order to comprehend the essence of V. is that which supplies the relation between all the various manifestations of V. in the novel. This process entails an articulation of the relation in question in the sense of an examination of both the links and those things which are linked in such an articulation so that the totality may be glimpsed and thus the essence of V. understood. What this points toward is the necessity of an emphasis of focus upon the formal dimension of the text and concomitantly the formal nature of V. In order to facilitate this inquiry, special attention is given to the third chapter, “In which Stencil, a quick change artist, does eight impersonations.” By analyzing the narrative stylistics utilized by Pynchon in this section, the formal exemplification of the novel’s content may be revealed in its multi-dimensional structure, thus opening up the subtle ways in which Pynchon uses narrative form to invoke his subject matter and accentuate it. Because of Stencil’s role in the novel as a major narrative figure and chief pursuer of V., he is the perfect entry point into an analysis of the form-content relationship of V. The essence of V. may be discovered ultimately through Stencil’s narrativity rather than his narrative, from the way he tells his stories and recreates events rather than from the stories and events themselves.

Why a Diachronic View of Base Property Exemplification is Necessary in Metaethics

Abstract: In a recent issue of this journal, Jorn Sonderholm presents two main criticisms of my 2008 case for a diachronic view of base property exemplification in metaethics. This essay contends that neither of Sonderholm’s criticisms hit their mark, and that there are additional reasons to adopt a diachronic view of base property exemplification. Thus, the case for a diachronic view of base property exemplification in metaethics is stronger than previously thought.

Exemplification and Argument

Abstract: ‘Grass is red’ is the only premise and is obviously false, so (X) should convince you that there are arguments with merely obviously false premises. On the face of it, there is nothing irrational about being so convinced by (X). But then (X) is a rationally persuasive argument with merely obviously false premises. A cheap trick you say? Not so, say I — a trick yes, but, I shall argue, far from cheap. In ‘ ‘P, Therefore, P’ Without Circularity,’ Roy Sorensen uses numerous examples like these to suggest, among other things, that there is a missing parameter to argument evaluation, viz. exemplification. I shall argue, however, that understanding these sorts of cases in the way that motivates Sorensen to recommend adding the extra parameter has extremely unpalatable consequences. I shall propose an alternative account that avoids these consequences.

ISSN 2278 -1366 Original Article Exemplification of the Concept of Diffusivity in Mass Transfer

Abstract: Mass transfer is a fundamental topic in chemical engineering education. The concept of diffusivity is thus important for students to learn. In this short communication, the concept is exemplified to the student via drawing an analogy between the world of gases (or, liquids) and our social life so that the student will grab the topic. It was found that by drawing such an analogy, the barrier to understand the topic will be reduced and the concept will last longer in a student’s memory. The discussion handled how each pertinent variable affects the diffusivity both in gases and liquids.

Exemplifying constructions with for example and for instance as markers: A historical account

Abstract: Exemplification entails explaining something through the citing of an example. Prototypical exemplifying constructions consist of two units: the first unit is a general description of the phenomenon in question, and the second a specific example of it. The present paper explores the origin and development of for example and for instance as markers used to link these two typical units in exemplification. Several British English corpora will be used as sources of data. The acquisition of the exemplifying function has led to the fossilization of for+instance/example as invariable prepositional phrases, which may suggest that they have undergone a process of grammaticalization (cf. Heine et al. 1991; Hopper and Traugott 2003; Fischer et al. 2004). Material from the corpora will be analysed as a means of discovering whether the form and function of these two phrases has been stable over time, or if they have shown variations at some point in the history of the language, such as the use of prepositions other than for or the insertion of a determiner between the preposition and the substantive. Cases of exemplification in which the first unit is omitted will also be considered.