Showing papers on "Identity (social science) published in 1970"

The Identity of Women's Clothing Fashion Opinion Leaders:

Abstract: This article analyses the characteristics of women's clothing fashion opinion leaders. The data suggest that substantial differences exist between fashion opinion leaders and non-leaders on a wide ...

Ego identity status in college women.

Abstract: Summary Ego-identity status was determined for 49 college women and related to difficulty of college major, self-esteem, authoritarianism, and Welsh Anxiety Scale (WAS) scores The modified identity status interview for women included “attitudes toward premarital intercourse” Identity achievements had more difficult majors than identity diffusions Foreclosures were highest in self-esteem and lowest in WAS scores–interpreted either as approval-seeking or as this status's adaptive value for women. They were also highest in authoritarianism Moratoriums were lowest in authoritarianism. Identity diffusions obtained the highest WAS scores Failure to find differences on the Luchins Water Jars task was seen as limiting the range of the identity status constructs.

Persons and their pasts

Abstract: PERSONS have, in memory, a special access to facts about their own past histories and th ir own identities, a kind of access they do not have to the histories and identities of other persons and other things. John Locke thought this special access important enough to warrant a special mention in his definition of \"person,\" viz., \"a thinking, intelligent being, that has reason and reflection, and can consider itself as itself, the same thinking thing, in different times and places. . . .\"x In this paper I shall attempt to explain the nature and status of this special access and to defend Locke's view of its con ceptual importance. I shall also attempt to correct what now seem to me to be errors and oversights in my own previous writings on this topic. I

Referential Ambiguity in the Calculus of Brazilian Racial Identity

Abstract: Categorizations elicited from 100 Brazilian informants through the use of a standardized deck of facial drawings suggests that the cognitive domain of racial identity in Brazil is characterized by a high degree of referential ambiguity. The Brazilian calculus of racial identity departs from the model of other cognitive domains in which a finite shared code, complementary distribution, and intersubjectivity are assumed. Structurally adaptive consequences adhere to the maximization of noise and ambiguity as well as to the maximization of shared cognitive order.

Nostalgia as enabler of self continuity.

Abstract: In 1969, Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young released their self-titled album containing the classic song "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" A particularly striking lyric from this song recommended: "Don't let the past remind us of what we are not now" This evocative line suggests a question with far-reaching social psychological implications How does a person's sense of the past contribute to (or detract from) the perceived continuity of his or her identity? This chapter entertains that question We are concerned with the continuity within or between two fundamental sources of identity: the individual and collective selves In particular, we focus on the temporal continuity between individual selves, between individual and collective selves, and between collective selves We begin by defining the two types of self, specifying their possible relations, and asking how the seeming continuity within or between them is maintained We proceed to argue that nostalgia is an important mechanism that enables this continuity, and we support our argument with a review of the empirical literature

Coefficients of Relationship and the Identity of Genes by Descent in the Hymenoptera

Abstract: Hamilton (1964a) has pointed out that social behavior can evolve through kinship selection, wherein the probability of an altruistic act is proportional to the probable genetic relationship between altruist and recipient. Therefore, to calculate likelihoods of altruistic behavior being evolved in certain situations, the probable proportions of genes identical by descent in the individuals involved must be known. Haplodiploidy, the basic genetic system in Hymenoptera, is particularly favorable for the evolution of altruistic behavior, since full sisters have three-fourths of their genes identical by descent (Hamilton 1964b). This is because they each receive the same haploid set of chromosomes from their father, making up half their genotypes, while genes from their mother, being the products of a normal meiosis, are identical by descent half of the time. Full sisters under normal autosomal inheritance, where both sexes are diploid, have only half their genes identical by descent. When I compared a number of other coefficients of relationship calculated by Hamilton (1964b) with those given by Li (1955), however, I observed several discrepancies. In some cases it was also clear that Hamilton's values must be in error. For example, since brothers, being haploid and impaternate, are the equivalents of gametes produced by the meiosis of one individual, they clearly have half their genes in common; yet Hamilton (1964b) gives a coefficient of relationship of r 1/4 for this relationship. This erroneous result is due to Hamilton 's treatment of males in calculating coefficients of relationship: each male is artificially \"made diploid\" by the addition of a \"cipher \" gene that is unique to it. Although Hamilton 's calculations are in error for some relationships involving males, the coefficients of relationship given by Wright (1922; see Li 1955) are also inadequate for determining the optimum strategy of an individual based on the probable degree of relatedness of another to it. This is because the coefficient of relationship as usually employed is actually a measure of phenotypic correlation assuming simple additive gene effects, rather than an estimate of the proportion of genes held in common through identical descent, although in normal autosomal inheritance the values obtained are correct for either purpose. Another failing of the coefficient of relationship is that it makes no distinction between the relationship of a given male to a given female and the converse female-male relationship. Thus the value r = 1/2 is obtained for the father-daughter relationship (Li 1955), whereas in fact all the father's genes are identical by descent with genes present in the daughter, while only half the daughter's genes are identical by descent with genes present in the father. The situation is, however, clearly indicated by Lji's diagrams (1955, p. 182). Letting GA(B) be the proportion of individual A's

Autobiographic notes on the identity crisis.

Abstract: I have been encouraged to put the concept of "identity crisis" in the center of an autobiographic essay. This, quite fittingly, raises the question as to what kind of identity this concept can claim in a discussion of transforming conceptions of modern science. Whether ornot identity crisis is itself such a conception in my own field, psychoanalysis, is difficult to decide in the absence of a representative of my profession who might well assert that the concept is not, strictly speaking, psychoanalytic, because it deals with matters too close to the "social surface" to preserve the essence of depth psychology. I would, at any rate, prefer the more modest assumption that I have been invited to write this essay because Daedalus, on the basis of some related past symposia,1 takes it for granted that the problem of psychosocial identity is relevant to the motivational nature of innovation and builds a bridge between psychoanalytic and other approaches to it. That I have attempted to demonstrate this bridge in two studies deal ing with the interrelation of the life histories and the historical period of great innovators2 also seems to suggest to some that I should be willing to confess some of the possible reasons for my having been the person who, at a given time in his life and in the history of psychoanalysis, came to observe and to name something by now so self-evident as the identity crisis and to explain, in fact, why it now seems so self-evident. For identity concepts have immediately secured for themselves, if not the clear status of scientific innovation, yet the onus of a certain novelty in the thinking or, at any rate, the vocabulary, of a wide range of persons in many countries. In my recent collection of essays on the subject3 I reported fondly that not long ago a Catholic student organization at Harvard announced in the paper that it would "hold an identity crisis" in a givert place on a certain evening at 8:00 p.m. sharp. More recently, it was reported that President Nixon's son-in-law, being also President Eisenhower s grandson, on that very score felt an identity crisis coming on, whereupon he consulted his father-in-law who in turn asked a 730

Islamic Family Law in a Changing World: A Global Resource Book

Abstract: By Abdullahi A. An-Na'im, ed. London: Zed Books, 2002As the quintessential identity battleground, family law in Muslim countries and communities is one of the hottest political and developmental topics. Those situated within these contexts constantly find themselves struggling for progressive or (more often than not) against regressive reform, while for those with the outsider's gaze, 'understanding' Muslim communities is currently a major preoccupation.

Development of an Objective Measure of Identity Achievement Status

Abstract: Summary A 24-item, objectively scorable scale for assessing identity achievement status (the IAS Scale) was developed through a modification of Marcia's Ego Identity Incomplete Sentence Blank. The IAS Scale revealed a one week test-retest reliability coefficient of .76, was significantly related to interview based rating of identity crisis-plus-identity commitment, correlates positively with the n Endurance scale and negatively with the n Succorance scale of the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, and is significantly related to 7 of 12 scales in Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory. Discussion touches on future research use as well as the relationship of the identity construct to self-actualization.

Personnel identification apparatus

Abstract: Apparatus is provided to electrooptically gauge predetermined dimensions of a human hand, circuit means are provided which automatically compare the gauged hand dimensions with the same selected hand dimensions that have been previously recorded and the person''s identity is either verified or rejected.

The identity of juvenile hormone produced by Corpora allata in vitro

Abstract: mit Diazo-lH-tetrazol erfaBt. Nur Strukturanaloge der Fumarsgure oder Apfels~iure, die mindestens noch eine Carboxylgruppe enthalten, erreichen die im aktiven Zentrum vorhandenen Histidin-Reste, wobei die DL-Brombernsteins~iure eine Ansnahme macht [3]. Erst mit einem 10000fachen {JberschuB an Diazo-lH-tetraz0i werden 2Hist idinund 3 Tyrosin-Reste erfaBt. Der mit steigendem Reagenz~berschuB zu beobachtende kontinuierliche Aktivitgtsabfall mul3 auf die Reaktion anderer im Enzym vorhandener Iunktioneiler Gruppen zuriickgeffihrt werden, die fiir die Erhaltung der aktiven I~onformation erforderlich sind; es ist unwahrscheinlich, dab das SH-Gruppen sind, da diese nach vorliegenden Untersuchungen E7] auch mit sehr reaktiven Sulfhydryl-Reagenzien nur sehr langsam reagieren. Die InaktiVierung der Fumarase durch Diazo-lH-tetrazol wird m6glicherweise durch Reaktion mit Lysin, Arginin, Serin oder Threonin hervorgerufen, die unter best immten Bedingungen farblose Kupplungsprodukte bilden kSnnen. Die Umsetzung der Fumarase mit einem 60bis 120fachen molaren {Jberschul3 an Acetylimidazol, das zur Acylierung yon OH-Gruppen des Tyrosins besonders geeignet ist [8], verursacht keinen AktivitXtsverlust. Auf die Kupplnng mit Diazo-lH-tetrazol hat die Vorbehandlung des Enzyms mit Acetylimidazol keinen Einflug.

The Sociology of Industry

Abstract: Industrial Sociology, M.A. Smith Part 1: Institutions and Models 2. The Economy: Structure and change, S.R. Parker 3. Industry and Education, S.R. Parker 4. Industry and the Family, S.R. Parker 5. Industry and Social Stratification, S.R. Parker 6. Industry, the Community and the Polity, S.R. Parker Part 2: Organisations and Roles 7. Organisations, M.A. Smith 8. Approaches to Workplace Behaviour, R.K. Brown 9. Shop Floor Strategies and Reactions to Change, R.K. Brown 10. Management, J. Child 11. Organised Interest Groups, S.R. Parker Part 3: Aspects of Occupations 12. Occupations, Changes and their Consequences, S.R. Parker 13. Work Involvement and its Alternatives, S.R. Parker 14. The Subjective Experiences of Work, S.R. Parker 15. Questions of Procedure and Identity, J. Child 16. Industrial Sociology and Industrial Society, J. Child

In Defense of Eliminative Materialism

Abstract: An this brief note, I should like to comment on two replies to my "Mind-Body Identity, Privacy, and Categories" x?one by James Cornman 2 and the other by Richard Bernstein.3 I shall concentrate upon a single point which is made by both critics. In my article, I attempted to work out an analogy between talking about demons and talking about sensations, urging that sensation-discourse might go the way of demon-discourse, given the proper neurological discoveries and resulting neurological ways of explaining behavior. More specifically, I argued that "sensa tion" might lose its reporting role as well as its explanatory role, just as "demon" had lost both its roles, and that both of these roles might be takt.a over by reference to brain-processes. In response to this strategy, Cornman argues that

Frederick Taylor: A Study in Personality and Innovation

Abstract: Using psychoanalytic concepts in an area previously untouched by psychohistorical research, this study explores the fateful coincidence of Frederick Taylor's conflicted life history with the needs of industrial management at a time when traditional ways were rapidly becoming obsolete. Although the ideas of "Scientific Management" have had an enormous influence on the industrial life of almost all countries, the development of these ideas in relation to Taylor's personality and to the particular needs of his era has been for the most part ignored. The book traces Taylor's inner conflicts beginning with the crisis at Exeter and continuing with his typical attachments and difficulties in work associations, which, on some occasions, were followed by nervous breakdowns. Concurrent with this theme, the study also reveals how a method and an idea survived because of Taylor's genius and persistence.To Frederick Taylor the concept of "Scientific Management" was simply the extension of scientific method to include the organization of human work. Kakar points out, however, that this was a totally new idea, one which had a radical impact on the field of management and on his formation, in history, of a technological identity. Efficiency was the core of this identity; put into practice from the standardization of tools to complete automation for the precise and effective functioning of a plant system, it affected the very quality of human life. The book examines Taylor's contributions to the areas of work motivation and restriction and notes the paradox of his industrial utopia: that a managerial system directed towards reducing conflict in the interest of increased productivity generated both conflict and tension.The material is presented against a broad humanistic canvas, making the book of specific value to those interested in the philosophy of management, the relationship between personality and innovation, and the impact of technology on society, especially in the areas of work and control.

Prophetic Failure and Chiliastic Identity The Case of Jehovah's Witnesses

Abstract: Since its inception almost a century ago, the Jehovah's Witness movement has been prophesying the impending disintegration of the established social order and its replacement by a millennial kingdom under theocratic rule. This paper presents a longitudinal analysis of the impact of the group's millenarian orientation upon its development career. Attention is focused upon long-term modes of adjustment to recurrent prophetic failures, examining the ways in which the sect has adapted its collective identity to meet such crises. In this perspectives, the sect is seen as an informative case of the process of "self-fulfilling prophecy," operating as a source of both identity confirmation and identity change.

Eight types of bisalbuminaemia.

Abstract: As our knowledge of human albumin variants increases, their description as electrophoretically “slow”, “faster” and so on is becoming inadequate for classification. The largest comparative series1 found five different migration rates in sera from nineteen families. Electrophoretic mobility is not the only criterion, and an earlier classification2 used eight, variations of mobility in different electro-phoretic media and dye-binding properties among them. Such observations will not establish the identity of two albumins but may prove their non-identity.

Social Media and Cultural Interactive Experiences in Museums

Abstract: Social media such as blogs, wikis and digital stories facilitate knowled- ge exchange through social networking. Such media create a new forum within which dispersed audiences - including youth, regional and rural communities - can engage with museums to actively debate notions of identity, and voice these re- flections online. Social media can impact on formal and informal learning within the museum and the effect that this may have on notions of cultural identity. This represents a shift in the ways in which museums: ● act as trusted cultural online networks; ● distribute community knowledge; and ● view their role as custodians of cultural content. Museum communication systems such as exhibitions, public programs, outreach and education seek to provide complex cultural interactive experiences. Social me- dia challenge existing communication models, and few museums have clear strate- gies for engaging communities in content creation. This paper will investigate some of the issues surrounding the use of social media in museum programs and will argue that there are strong epistemological reasons for using social media to add value to museum programs. Keywords: Social media, museum communication, web 2.0, museum learn- ing.

La Educación Social Penitenciaria: ¿De dónde venimos y hacia dónde vamos?

Abstract: The Prison Social Education, opened a way as a domain of study and action by identity and unquestionable strengths, not only for its urgency and its need, its indispensability, but for the evolution and revolution that it has generated in the prison Spanish ennvironment; in spite of the survival of traditional approaches orientated towards the punishment and the therapy like intervention forms in the social- educational field This paper analyzes the evolution of the action and conditions of the question in contexts of confinement and privation of freedom, it studies the practice of the programs called “social- educational” and it offers basic limits for the intervention In the same times, it presents contributions in the identification, definition and classification of the theories and interventions in the field and; specially, it bases a newly "emergent social- educational model" (ESM) of thought and action in the prison environment