Showing papers on "Isopropyl alcohol published in 1993"

Olefin hydration process

Abstract: The invention is directed to improvements in the indirect hydration process for the production of alcohols that enable high alcohol yield by increasing ether recycle in an olefin hydration process, such as the hydration process to produce isopropyl alcohol (IPA) from propylene or the hydration process to produce sec-butyl alcohol (SBA) from butylene

Solvent effect on carboxymethylation of cellulose

Abstract: The relationship between the composition of the solvent (water/isopropyl alcohol) and the degree of substitution, viscosity and molecular weight of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is investigated. It is found that the alcohol facilitates the destruction of cellulose crystalline structure and the diffusion of the small reagent molecules into the cellulose, which elevates the availability of the reagent for etherification. Because of the weak polarizability of isopropyl alcohol, it helps to keep the the cellulose molecules to be less decomposed by alkali. This results in the increase of the degree of substitution for the CMC and effects the CMC's high resistance to alkali

Role of solvents in chemical vapor deposition: implications for copper thin-film growth

Abstract: Recent studies have shown that the rate of copper film growth from the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of solid Cu(II) β-diketonates is enhanced in the presence of selected solvents To shed light on the role of solvents in CVD processes, the vapor-phase, solution, and surface chemistries of bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonate)copper-(II) (Cu(hfac) 2 ) and (hexafluoroacetylacetonate)(trimethylphosphine)copper(I) (Cu(hfac)(PMe 3 )) dissolved in alcohol (methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol), acetone, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, and water were studied by molecular beam/mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopies We found that alcohols and water reversibly coordinate to Cu(hfac) 2 to form alcoholates and hydrates, respectively

Reactions of azolium cations. I. Kinetics and mechanism of alkylation of 5-phenyltetrazole with isopropyl alcohol in aqueous sulfuric acid media

Abstract: Alkylation of 5-phenyltetrazole with isopropyl alcohol in 84-99% sulfuric acid medium occurs regioselectively at N2 position of the heterocycle to produce 2-isopropyl-5-phenyltetrazole. The regioselectivity is conditioned by 1H, 4H-5-phenyltetrazolium cation being the alkylation substratum. The reaction mechanism is proved to be two-stage one. Its forst and rate-limiting stage is an interaction between the azolium cation and isopropyl cation generated from protonated isopropyl alcohol. The reaction rate constant was estimated as 0.47 L mol -1 s -1 at 25 o C

Spectroscopic characterization of CuTh oxide catalysts in decomposition of isopropyl alcohol

Abstract: Copper–thorium oxide catalysts prepared with different atomic ratios Cu : Th by coprecipitation of hydroxides and calcination in dry air at 1073 K, have been characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and UV–VIS spectroscopies before and after being tested as catalysts for the decomposition of isopropyl alcohol. The catalysts are selective for dehydrogenation to form acetone only. The simultaneous presence of Cu2+, Cu+ and/or Cu0 in the thoria with a ratio of (Cu0+ Cu+)/Cu2+≈ 2 is required for activity toward isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenation.

Spontaneously ignitable fire starter composition

Abstract: A new and improved fire starter composition includes a liquid fuel component, a solid oxidant component retained in separation from the liquid fuel component until ready for use, and a blend of the liquid fuel component and the solid oxidant component for starting a fire. The liquid fuel component is selected from the group consisting of glycerin, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and methanol, and mixtures thereof. The solid oxidant component is selected from the group consisting of potassium permanganate and potassium dichromate. More specifically, the solid oxidant component is powdered potassium permanganate. In addition, a method is provided for starting a fire, wherein the method includes the steps of: obtaining a quantity of a solid fuel material; adding a quantity of a powdered solid oxidant material to the solid fuel material to obtain a blend of solid fuel material and solid oxidant; adding a quantity of a liquid fuel material to the blend of solid fuel material and solid oxidant; and waiting for a fire to spontaneously burst into flame. In carrying out the method of the invention, the solid oxidant material is selected from the group consisting of potassium permanganate and potassium dichromate; and the liquid fuel material is selected from the group consisting of glycerin, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and methanol, and mixtures thereof.

Scattering properties of poly(vinyl acetate) gels in different solvents

Abstract: The thermodynamic properties of lightly cross-linked PVAc gels swollen in good solvents (acetone at 25°C, isopropyl alcohol at 70°C) and in a θ solvent (isopropyl alcohol at 52°) are investigated by osmotic and scattering techniques. The relaxation rates of the concentration fluctuations, measured by dynamic light scattering, are greater in the gels than in the corresponding solutions. In all cases, however, the longitudinal osmotic modulus M os is significantly smaller than the osmotic modulus K os of the corresponding solution. This change is related to the presence of large-scale static nonuniformities in the gels, which are revealed by small-angle neutron scattering

Deacidification of vegetable oils

Abstract: A chromatographic process for deacidification of vegetable oils at ambient temperature. According to the process, which can be retrofitted into deacidification operations using miscella refining or solvent extraction, crude vegetable oil is dissolved in a solvent such as isopropyl alcohol and passed through a column of activated alumina (aluminum oxide) at room temperature. The process, which eliminates physical contact between both oil and an alkaline reagent and oil and water, simplifies subsequent bleaching processes by also removing some color pigments. The spent alumina can be reactivated by washing it with a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.

Method for purifying lactide and method for polymerizing the same

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a refined lactide having a high purity, readily polymerizing, easily providing a polylactic acid having an extremely high molecular weight, by recrystallizing a lactide with a lower alcohol, then with benzene or an alkyl- substituted group-containing benzene CONSTITUTION: An unpurified lactide is added to a lower alcohol (eg isopropyl alcohol), heated to 70°C and completely dissolved When the solution is cooled to 30°C, a crystal is precipitated and filtered The prepared crystal is washed with water or isopropyl alcohol The prepared lactide is added to benzene or an alkyl-substituted benzene (eg toluene) and heated to 70°C to completely dissolve the lactide The solution is cooled to 30°C, a crystal is precipitated and filtered The prepared crystal is washed with a solvent and dried under reduced pressure to give the high-purity refined lactide providing a polylactic acid having an extremely high molecular weight COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO

Integrated process for producing diisopropyl ether from isopropyl alcohol

Abstract: The present invention is an integrated isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and diisopropyl ether (DIPE) process. In this process, IPA, substantially free of DIPE, is formed in a hydration reactor by reacting an olefinic feedstock with water in a hydration reactor. The effluent from the hydration reactor is then contacted in a first separation unit with DIPE which was made in an etherification reactor. The resulting mixture is then passed to a second separation unit to separate the IPA from the DIPE product. The IPA is then fed to the etherification reactor to produce DIPE.

Dimerization of lower alpha-olefins

Abstract: A process for preparing a dimer of a lower α-olefin in the presence of Catalyst (A) containing a nickel compond, a trialkylaluminum, a halogenated phenol, a phosphorous compound and a sulfur compound, Catalyst (B) containing a nickel compound, a trialkylaluminum, a fluorinated isopropyl alcohol, a phosphorous compound, a sulfonic acid and water, or Catalyst (C) containing a nickel compound, a trialkylaluminum, a halogenated phenol, a phosphorous compound, a sulfonic acid and water, by which method, the dimer of the lower α-olefin is prepared in a high yield and high selectivity.

Enzymes in polymer chemistry, 7. Lipase‐catalyzed esterification of carboxyl‐terminated methacrylic oligomers and copolymers with isopropyl alcohol and 9‐fluorenylmethanol

Abstract: The carboxylic group of the oligoester α-(11-methacryloylaminoundecanoyl)-ω-hydroxy-oligo(oxyundecamethylenecarbonyl) (1) was enzymatically esterified with isopropyl alcohol and 9-fluorenylmethanol, respectively, in the presence of the lipase from Candida cylindracea. Moreover, the oligoester 1 was copolymerized with styrene and subsequently esterified with isopropyl alcohol by the same lipase. The degree of esterification and transesterification was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Esterification occurred almost quantitatively, together with some transesterification, in the case of isopropyl alcohol, whereas with 9-fluorenylmethanol only a degree of esterification as low as 30% was achieved. The formation of the enzymatically esterified oligoester units was proved by FAB mass spectrometry.

Method of producing water-soluble sodium pheophorbide a

Abstract: A producing method of phosphoric a applied in medical treatment comprises dissolving sodium hydroxide in n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol or mixtures thereof so as to prepare a solution of the sodium hydroxide, dissolving the pheophorbide a in a solvent miscible with the sodium hydroxide solvent so as to prepare a solution of the pheophorbide a and dissolving the solution of the pheophorbide a in the solution of the sodium hydroxide so as to obtain sodium pheophorbide a. Thus, the water-soluble pheophorbide a can be safely used.

Thermochromic nail composition

Abstract: A thermochromic composition for application on a selected surface consists essentially of: an alcohol selected from the group consisting of isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, and mitures thereof; a solvent selected from the group consisting of butyl acetate, acetone, toluene, and mixtures thereof; a plasticizer present in an amount sufficient to impart flexibility and wear-resistance to the composition when applied to the selected surface, the plasticizer selected from the group consisting of dioctyl phthalate, dioctyl terephthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, and mixtures thereof; a cellulose derivative present in an amount to impart composition hardness upon solidification after the composition has been applied to the selected surface, and to impart resin medium to the composition during storage and application, the cellulose derivative selected from the group consisting of nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, and mixtures thereof; and a thermochromic pigment present in an amount sufficient to visibly change the color of the applied composition at and above a predetermined temperature, the thermochromic pigment consisting essentially of an electron-donating chromogenic material, a 1,2,3-triazole compound, a weakly basic, sparingly soluble azomethine or carboxylic acid primary amine salt, and an alcohol, amide or ester serving as a solvent.

Catalytic and physicochemical characterizations of novel oxide-supported copper catalysts. Part 1.—Hydrosol-prepared Cu/TiO2 and effects of prereduction on hydrogenation and oligomerization of acetone

Abstract: Catalytic conversions of acetone, allied to transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron spectroscopy for chemical applications (ESCA) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) techniques have been used to characterize titanium-dioxide-supported copper preformed by the reduction of aqueous copper malonate with hydrazine. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TEM showed aggregates of 30 ± 10 nm TiO2 particles edged by smaller copper particles (ca. 10 nm). The coexistence of copper and TiO2 in such aggregates was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). Comparisons of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Cu 2p3/2 and X-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES) Cu L3M4,5M4,5 features of the ‘as-stored’ materials with those after in situ reduction at 453, 503 and 548 K, confirmed that Cu2+ was converted to Cu + after reduction at 503 K. Significant amounts of Cu+ were also present after reduction at 503 K, but little or no Cu0. At 423 K < Trx < 453 K over samples prereduced at 473 K, only acetone hydrogenation to isopropyl alcohol was detected, with single-pass conversion increasing with Trx until approximating to the equilibrium-limited conversion at 453 K. A strong metal/support interaction (SMSI) type inhibition of this selective hydrogenation capability was observed after high-temperature reduction at 773 K (HTR773). At 483K < Trx < 513K further catalytic activity of the lowtemperature reduction (LTR) materials emerged, namely that for aldol-condensation-type conversions of the acetone and H2 reactants to yield mainly C(6) and C(9) saturated ketones. This was not inhibited by prior HTR.

Dimerization of low alpha olefins

Abstract: A process for preparing a dimer of a lower alpha -olefin in the presence of Catalyst (A) containing a nickel compound, a trialkylaluminum, a halogenated phenol, a phosphorus compound and a sulfur compound, Catalyst (B) containing a nickel compound, a trialkylaluminum, a fluorinated isopropyl alcohol, a phosphorus compound, a sulfonic acid and water, or Catalyst (C) containing a nickel compound, a trialkylaluminum, a halogenated phenol, a phosphorus compound, a sulfonic acid and water, by which method, the dimer of the lower alpha -olefin is prepared in a high yield and high selectivity.

Gelly formed alcohol fuel composition and process for preparation thereof

Abstract: The jelly alcohol fuel compsn. is composed of 83.2-95.47 wt.pts. C1-6 lower alcohol, 0.2-2.5 wt.pts. polyoxyethylene alkyl amine having C12-16 alkyl gp., 0.3-3.5 wt.pts. acrylic polymer of 4000- 5000 polymn. degree, 0.03-0.8 wt.pt silicate cpd. and 4.0- 10.0 wt.pts water. The lower alcohol is pref. a mixt. of methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol, the polyoxyethylene alkylamine is pref. polyoxyethylene laurylamine, stearylamine or oleylamine, and the silicate cpd. is pref. a mixt. of calcium silicate and silicate anhydride. The fuel compsn. has a good storage stability, and is free of the generation of a hazardous gas.

Role of the structure and electronic properties of Fe2O3-MoO3 catalyst on the dehydration of isopropyl alcohol

Abstract: Molybdenum oxide catalysts doped or mixed with (1–50) mol% Fe3+ ions were prepared. The structure of the original samples and calcined at 400 °C were characterized using DTA, X-ray diffraction, and IR spectra. The measurements of the electrical conductivity of calcined samples with and without isopropyl alcohol revealed that the conductance increases on increasing the content of Fe3+ ions up to 50 mol%. The activation energies of charge carriers were determined in presence and absence of alcohol. The catalytic dehydration of isopropyl alcohol was carried out at 250 °C using flow system. The results obtained showed that the doped or mixed catalysts are active and selective towards propene formation. However, the catalyst containing 40 mol% Fe3+ ions exhibited the highest activity and selectivity. Correlations were attempted between the catalyst composition and their electronic and catalytic properties. Probable mechanism for the dehydration process is proposed in terms of surface active sites.

Dimerization of low α-olefins

Abstract: A process for preparing a dimer of a lower α-olefin in the presence of Catalyst (A) containing a nickel compound, a trialkylaluminum, a halogenated phenol, a phosphorus compound and a sulfur compound, Catalyst (B) containing a nickel compound, a trialkylaluminum, a fluorinated isopropyl alcohol, a phosphorus compound, a sulfonic acid and water, or Catalyst (C) containing a nickel compound, a trialkylaluminum, a halogenated phenol, a phosphorus compound, a sulfonic acid and water, by which method, the dimer of the lower α-olefin is prepared in a high yield and high selectivity.

Fluid for shielding electric field

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the fluid which is excellent in transparency and film-forming properties and provides an electric conductivity enough to shield a leakage electric field from a cathode ray tube by dispersing a specific indium tin oxide powder and a specific binder in a specific polar solvent. CONSTITUTION: The fluid is obtd. by dispersing 1-15wt.% (based on the fluid) indium tin oxide powder having content of 1-10wt.% and an average particle size of 50nm or smaller and 0.1-6wt.% (based on the fluid) binder comprising a 1-4C alkyl silicate (e.g. orthoethoxy silicate) in a polar solvent contg. N- methylpyrrolidinone and at least one solvent selected from a group consisting of ethanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, isopropyl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, and dimethylformamide. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO

Rosin-free low-residue soldering flux based on mixture of dicarboxylic acids

Abstract: A low-residue soldering flux contains a non-subliming dibasic acid mixture of succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid dissolved in a volatilizable organic solvent and formed as a rosin-free flux. The solution contains 0.2 - 1% of the mixture, which preferably comprises 15 - 30% by weight succinic acid, 40 - 63% by weight glutaric acid and 10 - 30% adipic acid, and 99 - 99.8% of solvent, which is preferably an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohol e.g. isopropyl alcohol, or aliphatic carboxylic acid ester or mixtures thereof, e.g. a mixture of dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl adipate. The diabasic acid mixture is capable of volatilizing during heat-soldering to leave a soldered product (e.g., an electronic circuit board) essentially free from corrosion-promoting ionic residue. This eliminates the need for a residue-removing washing step.

Two-stage process for producing diisopropyl ether using hydration

Abstract: In process for the production of diisopropyl ether, a propylene-containing stream is contacted with isopropyl alcohol in a first stage in the presence of a catalyst under conditions to produce an effluent stream comprising diisopropyl ether. At least a portion of this effluent stream is recycled to a second stage where the diisopropyl ether is reacted with water to produce isopropyl alcohol. The isopropyl alcohol is then recycled to the first stage. The benefit of producing isopropyl alcohol by the hydration of diisopropyl ether is that it is an easier reaction than, for example, the hydration of propylene. As a result, the process of the present invention can operate under less severe conditions, i.e., less cost.

Additive for lithographic printing wetting water and its use

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain an additive for lithographic printing wetting water which is best suited for printing requirements and wetting water by using a suitable quantity of organic solvent which is not subjected to organic substance regulations. CONSTITUTION:The subject additive contains a chemical compound expressed by a formula (R is a methyl group, an ethyl group, n-propyl group or an isopropyl group; n is an integer of 1 to 4), and at least, one type of HLB which is selected from among primary or tertiary alcohol having a 1 to 6C alkoxy group, primary or tertiary alkanol, a 2 to 6C saturated linear polyhydric alcohol and monoalkyl ether of ethylene glycol, and to 15.0 alcohol. Subsequently, it is possible to reduce the quantity of isopropyl alcohol to be added to wetting water significantly or to the zero level. Thus printing workshop environmental condition is improved and the cost of wetting water is minimized.

Composition for percutaneous absorption preparation of ritodrine hydrochloride

Abstract: PURPOSE: To enable ritodrine hydrochloride that has been used only as injections or tablets to be used as a percutaneous absorption preparation. CONSTITUTION: This composition for a percutaneous absorption preparation of ritodrine hydrochloride is produced by adding an aliphatic alcohol of 10-20C or lactic acid ester of an aliphatic alcohol of 10-20C or isopropyl alcohol ester of an aliphatic acid of 10-20C as an accelerator for percutaneous absorption. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO&Japio

Anthranilic acid derivative

Abstract: PURPOSE:To safely and easily obtain the subject compound useful as a raw material for quinazoline derivatives and medicines at low cost and in high yield by reducing a nitrobenzoic acid derivative. CONSTITUTION:The objective compound of formula II can be obtained by reacting a compound of formula I (R is H, halogen or lower alkoxy) or its salt with a reducing agent (e.g. hydrazine) in the presence of a catalyst (e.g. ferric chloride-activated carbon) in a solvent (e.g. isopropyl alcohol) at room temperature to higher temperatures. The compound of the formula I can be prepared by oxidation of a compound of formula III.