Showing papers on "Longitude published in 1975"
TL;DR: In this paper, neutral atmospheric composition measurements were obtained by the Esro 4 gas analyzer during a series of geomagnetic storms in late February 1973 and combined with ground-based ionosonde data, these measurements show a complex latitudinal and longitudinal structure of the stormassociated disturbances in the upper atmosphere.
Abstract: Neutral atmospheric composition measurements were obtained by the Esro 4 gas analyzer during a series of geomagnetic storms in late February 1973. Complemented by ground-based ionosonde data, these measurements show a complex latitudinal and longitudinal structure of the storm-associated disturbances in the upper atmosphere. Specifically, a strong depression of the O/N2 ratio developed and persisted for several consecutive days above the Australian-African area. It was distinguished by a fairly sharp eastward boundary near 180°E longitude. This mid-latitude disturbance zone was distinctly separated from strongly disturbed regions at higher latitudes. It is suggested that the energy causing this mid-latitude disturbance was deposited primarily at altitudes below 150 km. Because of the long diffusion time constants in the lower thermosphere this can account for the persistence of the phenomena observed at F2 layer heights.
39 citations
TL;DR: The longitude distribution of X-ray bright points shows very strong variations when plotted in a heliocentric (Carrington) coordinate system as mentioned in this paper, and can be interpreted as having two components : a uniformly distributed component and one having a distribution similar to that of active regions, occurring mostly within ±30° of the equator.
Abstract: The longitude distribution of X-ray bright points shows very strong variations when plotted in a heliocentric (Carrington) coordinate system In addition, the latitude distribution can be interpreted as having two components : a uniformly distributed component and one having a distribution similar to that of active regions, occurring mostly within ±30° of the equator
35 citations
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: In this article, the trade wind field over the Pacific Ocean between 30N and 30S has been studied on the basis of five million wind observations made by ships and mean monthly maps of wind vector and of the wind stress vector were produced.
Abstract: : The trade wind field over the Pacific Ocean between 30N and 30S has been studied on the basis of five million wind observations made by ships. Data were averaged for areas of 2 degrees latitude and 10 degrees longitude to resolve northsouth gradients in the wind field adequately. Mean monthly maps of the wind vector and of the wind stress vector were produced and the development of the trade wind field throughout the year is discussed. Either trade wind system is largest and strongest during the winter of the respective hemisphere. It is shown that the area covered by the northeast trades is smaller than the area covered by the southeast trades, but the northeast trades have a stronger mean wind stress and a larger seasonal variation both in area and mean stress. Bimonthly mean maps of the divergence of the wind and of the wind stress curl are also produced. The wind divergence shows clear relations to cloud cover; the maps of wind stress curl show considerable detail and more structure and seasonal variation than expected.
32 citations
TL;DR: The relationship between modulation of the intensity and energy spectrum of relativistic interplanetary electrons originating from Jupiter's magnetosphere and longitudinal asymmetry in decametric radio emissions from the surface is discussed in this article.
Abstract: The relationship between modulation of the intensity and energy spectrum of relativistic interplanetary electrons originating from Jupiter's magnetosphere and longitudinal asymmetry in decametric radio emissions from the surface is discussed. Modulation minima are correlated with the time when the subsolar point on Jupiter is near the longitude of the most frequent non-Io-related decametric emissions. The probability of observing such emissions is graphed as a function of the System III central meridian longitude of an observer and the angle of Io past superior conjunction. It is suggested that the modulation of interplanetary electrons and the longitudinal asymmetry of decametric emissions may be due to the same unknown longitudinally asymmetric feature on Jupiter.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a three-dimensional theory of the steady wind-driven flow in a homogeneous circumpolar ocean is presented, where the bottom topography is a function of longitude and may consist of a series of ridges.
24 citations
01 Apr 1975
TL;DR: In this article, the trade wind field over the Pacific Ocean between 30N and 30S has been studied on the basis of five million wind observations taken from ships, and data were averaged for areas of 2 degrees latitude and 10 degrees longitude to resolve the north-south gradients in the wind field.
Abstract: : The trade wind field over the Pacific Ocean between 30N and 30S has been studied on the basis of five million wind observations taken from ships. Data were averaged for areas of 2 degrees latitude and 10 degrees longitude to resolve adequately the north-south gradients in the wind field. Bimonthly mean maps of the wind stress vector were produced for the period from 1950 to 1972. Indices of the size and overall strength of the northeast and the southeast trades are defined, and time series of these indices are presented for the period from 1948 to 1972. Interannual variations and the most outstanding seasonal anomalies in the trade wind field are discussed briefly.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of long distance received daytime VLF phase data over three transmission paths spanning a total of 160° of longitude, and from lower stratospheric radiance data from the SIRS instrument on the Nimbus IV weather satellite, traveling planetary scale waves are shown to exist at about 70 km for the 1970/1971 winter.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, ship drift reports from 1900 through 1972 have been summarized in squares of 5° latitude × 10° longitude for the oceans of the world and separately in 5° × 5° squares for the North Pacific.
Abstract: Nearly 4 million ship drift reports from 1900 through 1972 have been summarized in squares of 5° latitude × 10° longitude for the oceans of the world and separately in 5° × 5° squares for the North Pacific. The averages for the squares have themselves been averaged to provide mean latitudinal values of the components and their standard deviations. This has been done for each of the four seasons and for the year. The resulting profiles of these values reveal such features as the equatorial countercurrent and show how it changes with season. Profiles of the first differences of the v component reveal the latitudes of up-welling and downwelling.
12 citations
01 Aug 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed monthly chart for sea surface temperature, salinity, evaporation and precipitation, based on climatological averages for 2 degrees squares betweem 10N and 10 degrees S, is presented.
Abstract: : An attempt is made to construct more detailed monthly charts for sea surface temperature, salinity, evaporation and precipitation, based on climatological averages for 2 degrees squares betweem 10N and 10 degrees S. This space and time resolution, at least, is required to study the complex climatological and mean oceanographic conditions, and their interrelationships, in an ocean area where significant local differences can occur at distances of a degree or two of longitude or latitude apart, and where semi-annual periodic changes may dominate the seasonal pattern. Of special interest are the relationships between sea surface salinity variations during the year and the differences between evaporation and precipitation. Special attention is given to seasonal variations of sea surface temperature anomalies, surface salinities and precipitation in the 5N to 10 degrees N latitudinal belt. This zonal belt is, essentially, dominated by the Equatorial Countercurrent.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the diurnal and semidiurnal tidal constituents are calculated at Cobb seamount, latitude 46°46.4′N and longitude 130°48.8′W.
Abstract: The diurnal and semidiurnal tidal constituents are calculated at Cobb seamount, latitude 46°46.4′N and longitude 130°48.8′W. The semidiurnal constituents agree with a model of Kelvin wave propagation north along the Pacific coast. The diurnal constituents do not agree with the Kelvin wave model. We also illustrate the application of an optimal interpolating formula to a time series consisting of the value and trend at each data point.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors generalized the results of the previous work to the case where the plane of incidence is not in the magnetic meridian and applied them to stations widely separated in longitude.
TL;DR: In this paper, the linear polarization properties of the decimetric radio emission of Jupiter were measured with a NASA 64-m parabolic antenna operating at a wavelength of 13.1 cm.
Abstract: Observations of the linear polarization properties of Jupiter's decimetric radioemission showed the planet's total intensity to increase between late summer 1973 and July 1974. Measurements were made with the NASA 64-m parabolic antenna operating at a wavelength of 13.1 cm. Data were plotted as a function of the longitude of the central meridian. Both data sets showed similar periodic intensity variation with longitude. However, the 1974 data points were consistently above the corresponding 1973 values. The flux density difference was attributed to the increase in the planet's decimetric radio emission. Measured at wavelengths of 21 cm and 11 to 13 cm the average peak flux densities were plotted as a function of the epoch of each observation.
[...]
TL;DR: The radio source W 49 consists of: (1) an H II region, W 49A, at galactic longitude l = 43.2° and galactic latitude b = 0.00, and (2) a supernova remnant W 49B, at l =43.3°, b =-0.2
Abstract: The radio source W 49 consists of: (1) an H II region, W 49A, at galactic longitude l =43.2° and galactic latitude b = 0.00, and(2) a supernova remnant W 49B, at l =43.3°, b =-0.2°. Mezger, Schraml and Terzian (1967) have summarized the observations of these sources made before 1967. This review emphasizes data taken since that time.
TL;DR: The mean 200mb vertical velocity field in south temperate latitudes during 1971-1972 has been estimated through 6200 evaluations of 24-hour temperature changes along 46 EOLE constant level balloon flights, and use of the adiabatic method as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The mean 200mb vertical-velocity field in south temperate latitudes during 1971-1972 has been estimated through 6200 evaluations of 24-hour temperature changes along 46 EOLE constant level balloon flights, and use of the adiabatic method. There is a significant tendency for ascending motion to occur over the western hemisphere and descending motion over the eastern hemisphere in winter and in the mean for the year. In winter the average maximum ascending motion of more than 2mm s−1 occurs about 30 degrees longitude west of the Andes Mountains, and the maximum descending motion of 2mm s−1 occurs over Australia. It is suggested that the Andes Mountains are basically responsible for the observed longitudinal variation in 200mb vertical velocity, both because they act as a barrier to the strong westerly flow, and also because they serve to anchor the long waves and the vertical-velocity patterns associated therewith.
26 Nov 1975
TL;DR: The location of the cosmic-ray equator for two different epochs has been determined by calculating the vertical cutoff rigidities in the equatorial region using geomagnetic field models appropriate for 1965 and 1975.
Abstract: The location of the cosmic-ray equator for two different epochs has been determined by calculating the vertical cutoff rigidities in the equatorial region using geomagnetic field models appropriate for 1965 and 1975. A comparison of these results with the cosmic-ray equator determined for Epoch 1955 shows that, whereas no significant changes for this 20-year interval are found in the longitudes between 0 degrees and 270 degrees E, the theoretical equator has shifted slightly northward in the longitude range 280 degrees to 350 degrees E. (GRA)
26 Nov 1975
TL;DR: The location of the cosmic-ray equator for two different epochs has been determined by calculating the vertical cutoff rigidities in the equatorial region using geomagnetic field models appropriate for 1965 and 1975 as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: : The location of the cosmic-ray equator for two different epochs has been determined by calculating the vertical cutoff rigidities in the equatorial region using geomagnetic field models appropriate for 1965 and 1975. A comparison of these results with the cosmic-ray equator determined for Epoch 1955 shows that whereas no significant changes for this 20-year interval are found in the longitudes between 0 degrees and 270 degrees E, the theoretical equator has shifted slightly northward in the longitude range 280 degrees to 350 degrees E.
Journal Article•
07 Aug 1975
TL;DR: In this article, a grid of degrees and tens of minutes in both longitude and latitude in the margins and within the map as intersection crosses is used to locate the universal transverse mercator (UTM) grid at 10 km intervals.
Abstract: Each county highway map has a geographic grid of degrees and tens of minutes in both longitude and latitude in the margins and within the map as intersection crosses. These will be used to locate the universal transverse mercator (UTM) grid at 10 km intervals. Since the maps used may have stretched or shrunk in height and/or width, interpolation should be done between the 10 min intersections when possible. A table of UTM coordinates of 10 min intersections is required and included. In Alabama, all eastings are referred to a false easting of 500,000 m at 87 deg W longitude (central meridian, CM).