Showing papers on "Methacrylic acid published in 1981"

Polymer compositions and laminates produced by bonding or coextrusion

Abstract: Compatible blends of polymers are disclosed which contain (a) a low density ethylene polymer, (b) a copolymer of ethylene and an alkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid or vinyl acetate, (c) an ionomer resin, and (4) optionally a tackifying resin such as a glyceryl ester of a rosin acid.

Acrylic polymer emulsion

Abstract: Aqueous acrylic polymer emulsions containing as a first polymeric component a core-shell polymer having a core formed from one or more monomers selected from styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl toluene and acrylic or methacrylic acid esters of alcohols of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a shell formed of the above monomers in conjunction with one or more monomers selected from acrylic acid or methacrylic acid esters of alcohols of 1 to 8 carbon atoms and a minor amount of acrylic or methacrylic acid and as a second polymeric component a polymer composed of a major amount of one or more monomers selected from styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl toluene and acrylic or methacrylic acid esters of alcohols of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a minor portion of one or more acrylic acid esters of alcohols of 1 to 8 carbon atoms with acrylic and/or methacrylic acid.

Process for the preparation of polyesters modified by (meth)acrylic acid

Abstract: 1. Process for producing (meth)acrylic acid esters modified polyesters, curable by irradiation, characterised in that a saturated polyester, preferably carrying primary hydroxy groups and optionally polyether radicals and having an average molecular weight of between 500 and 3000, is mixed at from 80 to 140 degrees C, in the presence of at least one polymerisation inhibitor volatile with water vapour, with from 30 to 90 mole-% (calculated on the hydroxy groups of the polyester) with acrylic acid or a mixture of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and is reacted, in the presence of an esterification catalyst, to a ratio of at least 40%, preferably of from 50 to 70% (calculated on the acid used) subsequently the reaction water formed being distilled off, in the presence of an azeotropic esterification catalyst, with the aid of a hydrocarbon solvent with a boiling point of between 60 and 130 degrees C, and, subsequently to stripping the solvent, optionally by stripping the solvent by vacuum, or using a distillation column, the acrylic acid having remained free being reacted with a quantity of a mono- or diepoxy compound equivalent to the free acid, at from 80 to 120 degrees C, to an acid value of a maximum of 10 mg KOH/g, using triphenylphosphine as catalyst.

Aggregation of poly(methacrylic acid)-poly(ethylene oxide) complex in aqueous medium†

Abstract: It is known that poly(methacrylic acid) and poly(ethylene oxide) interact with each other through hydrogen bonds and form polymer complexes in an aqueous medium. The initially formed polymer complexes were considered to exist in a semi-stable state, and they aggregated through desolvation and hydrophobic interaction. A successive aggregation of polymer complexes was observed following the rapid initial complexation. The aggregation was affected by some chemical factors e.g., polymer concentration, temperature, pH and so on. These effects were measured as the changes of the molecular shape by means of laser-light scattering, turbidity measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that lower pH and higher temperature made the aggregation faster within such experimental conditions as pH 2–7, 20–50°C. The aggregates were nearly spherical with almost the same diameter (200 nm), and spontaneously grew larger with time.

Photochromic polymers: Photoinduced conformational changes and effect of polymeric matrix on the isomerization of photochromes

Abstract: Two types of photochromic polymers were prepared and studied: a copolymer of maleic anhydride with styrene containing aromatic azo groups P(MAH-STY-AAB) and a copolymer of methacrylic acid with methacryloylamidoazobenzene, P(MA-MAAB). The effects of the polymeric carrier, the solution viscosity, and the position of the photochrome in the chain on photochrome isomerization were determined. Investigation of the effect of radiation on the conformation of the polymer chain revealed that the copolymer P(MAH-STY-AAB) exhibited a pronounced photoviscosity effect in 1,4-dioxane solution, i.e., a reversible decrease by 24–30% in the reduced viscosity of the solution after irradiation. In the case of the copolymer P(MA-MAAB), radiation causes a destabilization of the compact conformation.

Purification of methacrylic acid

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the titled compound having high purity, excellent polymerizability and reduced coloring of the formed polymer, by using a specific extracting solvent and treating the titled compound with a hydrazine in obtaining the titled compound by catalytic vapor-phase oxidation of isobutylene, etc CONSTITUTION: Isobutylene, tert-butanol, methacrolein, or isobutyl aldehyde is catalytically oxidized in the vapor phase and the resultant methacrylic acid (MAA)-containing reaction product gas is cooled and condensed to give an aqueous solution of the MAA Light-boiling substances contained in the above- mentioned aqueous solution are then removed by distillation or stripping and the MAA is extracted from the resultant aqueous solution or the MAA using a 6W20C aliphatic chain saturated hydrocarbon as an extracting extracting solvent The resultant MAA-containing solution is then treated in steps of separating the solvent, the light-boiling substance and heavy substances, redistilling and purifying the resultant product In the steps, 0001W1wt%, particularly 001W05wt% hydrazine, eg hydrazine hydrate or phenylhydrazine, is added to any step thereof (preferably the redistillation and purification step) COPYRIGHT: (C)1988,JPO&Japio

Polymethacrylic acid Derivatives, 1. Preparation, Characterization, and Potentiometric study of poly(N-methacryloyl-L-alanine-co-N-phenylmethacrylamide)

Abstract: Poly(N-methacryloyl-L-alanine) and poly(N-methacryloyl-L-alanine-co-N-phenylmethacrylamide) containing up to 38 mole-% of N-phenylmethacrylamide were synthesized by radical copolymerization. These polymers were characterized by UV and IR spectroscopy and by conductimetric titrations. The samples were then studied by potentiometric titrations in pure water and in aqueous organic solvents, in the temperature range of 5 - 65°C. The experimental results show that, opposite to poly(methacrylic acid), poly(N-methacryloyl-L-alanine) takes no compact structure in water. The insertion of N-phenylmethacrylamide induces the appearance of this compact structure over 15 mole-% of this residue. Thereafter, the stability of the compact structure increases when increasing the amount of N-phenylmethacrylamide. Experimental results suggest that it is due to increasing Van der Waals interactions between the hydrophobic side chains.

Multicomponent polymer compositions

Abstract: Compatible blends of polymers are disclosed which contain (a) a high density ethylene polymer or an isotactic propylene polymer, (b) a copolymer of ethylene and an alkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid or vinyl acetate, (c) an ionomer resin, and (d) a tackifying resin such as a terpene resin.

Fluorine-containing hydrogel-forming polymeric materials

Abstract: Polymeric materials suitable for biomedical applications, particularly in making contact lenses, are formed by copolymerization and crosslinking of: (1) an amide of an unsaturated carboxylic acid such as acrylamide or methacrylamide; (2) an N-vinyl lactam such as N-vinyl pyrrolidone; (3) an ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid such as a hydroxy-substituted ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid; (4) an unsaturated carboxylic acid such as acrylic or methacrylic acid; and (5) a hydrophobic monomer component comprising: (a) a fluorine-containing polymerizable monomer having a fluoroaliphatic side chain, such as fluoroalkyl acrylate or methacrylate, and (b) a non-fluorine-containing polymerizable hydrophobic vinyl monomer such as styrene; crosslinking with a crosslinking agent either being carried out during copolymerization or subsequently. The resulting polymeric materials may be machined to produce a contact lens form and then hydrated to form a hydrogel which is suitable for use as an extended wear contact lens.

Composite material containing a thermoplastic synthetic resin layer

Abstract: A composite material, especially suitable for chemical apparatus construction is formed of a layer of a thermoplastic synthetic resin and a textile layer pressed onto the resin layer in the heated condition. The textile layer is a mechanically prestrengthened, polyester fiber mat bound chemically with a binder consisting of a synthetic resin dispersion of polymers and/or copolymers of esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid and of acrylonitrile. Needling is a preferred procedure for mechanically prestrengthening the mat.

Method for treating pelts and leather

Abstract: What is disclosed are a method for treating pelts or leather in the beamhouse, for tanning, or as an aftertreatment, which method comprises contacting said pelts or leather with an aqueous solution or dispersion of a copolymer comprising monomers of a nitrogenous ester of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid, a further different ester of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid, and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, whereby portions of said copolymer are deposited in the grain layer without formation of a superficial film, and pelts and leather treated by this method.

Synthesis of a polyamine macromer by cationic polymerization

Abstract: Desactivation of the active species (aziridinium ion) of living poly(1-tert.butyl aziridine) by methacrylic acid leads to the corresponding polyamine-methacrylate ester macromer. Macromers of different molecular weights were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and by 360 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy.

Method of producing a hydrophilic membrane from a polyethylene base film

Abstract: A method of producing a hydrophilic membrane from a polyethylene base film by first irradiating the film with ionizing radiation in air or an oxygen atmosphere and then grafting acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid onto the irradiated film at low temperatures.

Polyacetal resin composition excellent in heat stability and surface processability and process for surface treating same

Abstract: A polyacetal resin composition excellent in heat stability and surface processability which comprises (a) about 100 parts by weight of polyacetal resin, (b) about 2 to about 35 parts by weight of a carbonate, phosphate or acetate of a metal belonging to Group II of the Periodic Table or a mixture thereof and (c) about 0.01 to about 20 parts by weight of a polymer, a copolymer or a mixture thereof of a compound selected from the group consisting of unsaturated polyesters, alkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, amides of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, triallyl cyanurate, diallyl phthalate, vinyl acetate and divinylbenzene.

Waste water treatment in the production of methacrylic acid

Abstract: A process for separation of methacrylic acid from a methacrylic acid-containing, gaseous reaction mixture obtained by subjecting methacrolein or a compound which can afford methacrolein under reaction conditions and molecular oxygen to gas phase reaction in the presence of a catalyst for oxidation under the coexistence of an inert gas for dilution which comprises (a) cooling the gaseous reaction mixture from a reactor wherein the gas phase reaction has been effected to separate into condensable components including methacrylic acid, acetic acid and water vapor as a condensed liquor and non-condensable components including methacrolein as a non-condensed gaseous mixture, (b) eliminating contaminating methacrolein from the condensed liquor and (c) contacting the resulting condensed liquor with an organic solvent to extract methacrylic acid, followed by separation into an organic solvent solution including methacrylic acid and an aqueous solution as waste water, characterized in that (1) the inert gas for dilution is a non-condensable gas or its mixture with water vapor and (2) the aqueous solution ultimately separated is evaporated and the evolved vapor is subjected to catalytic combustion with molecular oxygen, whereby the amount of waste water to be discharged is much suppressed.

Rare Earth Metal Containing Polymers: Energy Transfer from Uranyl to Europium Ions in Ionomers

Abstract: Various ratios of Eu and UO2 acetates were prepared by dissolving Eu and UO2 acetates in acetic acid and removing acetic acid in vacuum. The fluorescence intensities at 616 nm of these mixed acetates were measured under excitation at wavelength of 429 nm. Strong energy transfer from UO 2 2+ to Eu3+ was observed. This result indicated that these ions were in very close contact in this system. Various concentrations of Eu3+ and UO 2 2+ salts of polymers containing carboxyl ligands were prepared and fluorescence properties of these polymers were investigated. The polymers investigated were poly (methacrylic acid) (PMA), and copolymers of styrene-acrylic acid (PSAA) and methyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid (PMM/MA). When Eu3+ and UO 2 2+ were introduced to the polymers of PSAA and PMM/MA, very effective energy transfer from UO 2 2+ to Eu3+ was observed because of the proximity of these metal ions in ionic aggregates of these ionomers. However, the PMA-UO2 and Eu salts did not show energy transfer even when a large excess of UO2+ 2 was added to the polymer. The PMA salts are reported to have no ion aggregate structure; it is concluded that Eu3+ and UO 2 2+ ions were uniformly dispersed throughout the polymer system so that the distances between these ions were far beyond the energy transfer range.

Radiation-hardenable acrylic acid esters containing urethane groups and their use

Abstract: A radiation-hardenable binder comprising a reaction product ester containing hydroxyl groups and hydroxyalkyl acrylates, which comprises: (A) 1 NCO gram equivalent of a polyisocyanate containing from 2 to 3 isocyanate groups per molecule; (B) from 0.4 to 1.2 OH gram equivalents of an ethylenically-unsaturated partial ester having an OH number of from 80 to 150 of an alkoxylated trimethylol propane having a degree of alkoxylation of 3 to 4.5 and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or a mixture thereof; and (C) from 0 to 0.6 OH gram equivalents of a hydroxy alkyl acrylate or hydroxy alkyl methacrylate or a mixture thereof containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, wherein the sum total of the OH-gram equivalents of B and C is between 1 and 1.2. Aqueous dispersions containing the binder are used for impregnating, coating, reinforcing or priming textile materials, wood, plastics, non-wovens or leather.

Hydrogel-forming polymeric materials

Abstract: Polymeric materials suitable for bio-medical applications, particularly in making contact lenses, are formed by copolymerization and crosslinking of: (1) an amide of an unsaturated carboxylic acid such as acrylamide or methacrylamide; (2) an N-vinyl lactam, such as N-vinyl pyrrolidone; (3) an ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as a hydroxy-substituted ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid; (4) an unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as acrylic or methacrylic acid; and (5) a polymerizable hydrophobic vinyl monomer, such as styrene; crosslinking with a crosslinking agent either being carried out during copolymerization or subsequently The resulting polymeric materials may be machined to produce a contact lens form and then hydrated to form a hydrogel which is suitable for use as an extended wear contact lens

Process for producing methacrylic acid by oxidative dehydration of isobutyric acid and catalyst therefor

Abstract: Isobutyric acid is oxidatively dehydrogenated to methacrylic acid by passing a gaseous mixture of isobutyric acid, oxygen, nitrogen and optionally water vapor at temperatures of 300°-450° C. and pressures of 0.5 to 5 bar over a catalyst comprising molybdenum oxide, which also contains vanadium, phosphorous and a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, zinc, silver, aluminum, titanium, lead, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and tin, preferably precipitated on a solid silica support and calcined at 200° to 400° C. At conversion levels of 80 to 100% of the isobutyric acid used, a methacrylic acid selectivity of 60 to 74% is attained.

Process for the production of a hydroxyl group containing ε-caprolactone modified (METH) acrylate resin

Abstract: Acrylate and methacrylate resins containing hydroxyl groups and modified by e-caprolactone are produced by producing an adduct of a hydroxyalkylacrylate or methacrylate and e-caprolactone in a first step and then in a second step radically copolymerizing this product with further acrylic acid or methacrylic acid esters and optionally vinyl aromatics in a suitable varnish solvent. The thus obtained copolymerizate solutions after addition of a polyvalent isocyanate are used to produce coatings on substrates and give a baked on lacquer coating with outstanding adhesion to the base.

Oxygen permeable contact lens material comprising copolymers of multifunctional siloxanyl alkylesters

Abstract: An oxygen permeable contact lens fabricated from a copolymer of a multifunctional siloxanyl alkylester a monomer selected from the group consisting of, an ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid and from an ester of itaconic acid or mixture thereof. The copolymer can be made either hard, soft, or elasticmeric with improved oxygen permeability.

Core-shell composite polymers having high amounts of carboxylic acid units in the shell

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of soft polymers, and particularly butadiene-styrene copolymers, containing high amounts of carboxylic acid units are prepared by a core-shell polymerization technique in which there is first polymerized around the soft polymer an inner shell layer of methylmethacrylate, thereby completely encasing the soft polymer particles. Then an outer layer of methlmethacrylate and methacrylic acid monomers is polymerized around the encased particles. The product contains up to about 40 mole percent of methacrylic acid units in the shell.

Process for producing unsaturated carboxylic esters

Abstract: A process for producing an ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid by oxidizing propylene or isobutylene in the liquid phase in the presence of a straight chain lower alcohol and molecular oxygen, characterized by carrying out the reaction in the presence of: (1) a catalyst consisting of palladium and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of lead, bismuth, thallium, tellurium and mercury, preferably an intermetallic compound of palladium and said metal; (2) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of mineral acids, heteropoly-acids, heteropoly-acid salts, molybdic acid and organic sulfonic acids, preferably heteropoly-acids or their salts; and (3) optionally, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal compounds and alkaline earth metal compounds. According to this process, the activity of catalyst is high even in a reaction at low temperatures, the amount of by-product is small and the objective ester can be produced with a high selectivity.

Blends of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers and ethylene/carboxylic acid copolymers.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polyurethanes lack melt strength in blow molding resulting in extrudate dripping off the nozzle. Blends of 85-99% thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers and 1-15% neutralized ethylene (/carboxylic)-acrylic acid or methacrylic acid copolymers containing 1.5 to 30 weight percent acid with 10 to 100% neutralization with an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or zinc ion (which) are useful for blow molding applications, (are disclosed) under ordinary processing conditions. In an example 90 parts polyurethane was blended with 10 parts of a copolymer of 95% ethylene and 5% methacrylic acid, 100% neutralized with sodium ions.