Showing papers on "Newcastle disease published in 1996"
TL;DR: The results of the study indicate that rHVT is safe for both ED18 and posthatch vaccination for ND and MD, and because the vaccine persists, it may induce longer lasting immunity than conventional live NDV vaccines.
119 citations
TL;DR: Results demonstrate that the DNA vaccine conferred efficient protection against the Newcastle disease virus F protein and protected chickens that had the antibody against NDV-F from lethal NDV challenge.
109 citations
TL;DR: The onset of protective immunity from lethal Newcastle disease virus challenge of chicks was determined after vaccination with a recombinant herpes virus of turkeys (HVT) expressing the fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase proteins of NDV.
Abstract: The onset of protective immunity from lethal Newcastle disease virus (NDV) challenge of chicks was determined after vaccination with a recombinant herpes virus of turkeys (HVT) expressing the fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase proteins of NDV. One-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks devoid of maternal antibodies to NDV were vaccinated with 130 to 3300 plaque forming units of HVT (depending on the trial) and then challenged at 4, 7, 10, and 14 days postvaccination (DPV) with a neurotropic velogenic strain of NDV (GB Texas). The recombinant vaccine afforded 0%, 35-75%, 85%, and 94-100% protection when the vaccinated birds were challenged at 4, 7, 10, and 14 DPV, respectively. In all trials, challenge caused 100% mortality in unvaccinated control chicks. Newcastle disease virus was reisolated from the lung, liver, spleen, and brain of birds dying in all trials regardless of vaccine dosage or time of challenge, except when challenge occurred at 14 DPV.
64 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that the pathogenicity of Newcastle disease virus was enhanced when occurring in combination with O. rhinotracheale in 28-day-old broilers, leading to more severe respiratory lesions and higher mortality rates than in birds with only Newcastle disease.
Abstract: Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale was first isolated from broilers in South Africa in 1991. The importance of O. rhinotracheale infections has been established, with growth suppression, respiratory symptoms, and arthritis commonly seen as complications. Dual infection with Newcastle disease and O. rhinotracheale in 28-day-old broilers led to more severe respiratory lesions and higher mortality rates than in birds with only Newcastle disease. It was concluded that the pathogenicity of Newcastle disease virus was enhanced when occurring in combination with O. rhinotracheale. Also of interest was the first isolation of O. rhinotracheale from the liver.
62 citations
TL;DR: The present results indicate that secretory antibodies induced on the respiratory mucosal surface by intranasal vaccination with inactivated NDV protected chickens from lethal infection by inhibiting virus replication at the portal of entry for the virus.
61 citations
TL;DR: Nine pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 isolates from the United States and Canada were characterized and three of the isolates were pathotyped before and after passage in chickens and serial passage in chicken embryos, finding properties that prevent characterization within a single NDV pathotype.
Abstract: Nine pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 isolates from the United States and Canada were characterized and three of the isolates were pathotyped before and after passage in chickens and serial passage in chicken embryos. One isolate previously passaged in Madin Darby bovine kidney cells was also pathotyped after chicken and embryo passage. Hemagglutination (HA) titers of all isolates were low when tested by microtiter procedures and all were negative by rapid-plate HA. The HA titers were increased by a factor of 8 to 32 by Tween-ether treatment, and treated antigen had the same reactivity as untreated antigen in hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests. All isolates had a slow elution rate and an HA thermostability equal to or greater than 60 minutes. Mean death times in embryos were 99 hours or greater, except for one isolate with a mean death time of 81 hours, and intracerebral pathogenicity indices of all isolates were greater than 1. Antigenic differences among the pigeon isolates were identified by three different binding patterns in HI tests against a battery of five Newcastle disease virus (NDV) monoclonal antibodies. Pathogenicity enhancement by bird, embryo, or cell passage was limited to an intravenous pathogenicity index increase for one of three viruses passaged in embryonated eggs. Cloacal samples collected during chicken passage contained higher virus titers than did oral samples. The pigeon isolates reported here, like those of earlier reports, have properties that prevent characterization within a single NDV pathotype. Finally, there was no evidence that any of these isolates was highly virulent for chickens.
56 citations
Journal Article•
54 citations
Patent•
15 Oct 1996TL;DR: In this article, a combination vaccine for use in the protection of poultry against ND comprising an expression system, such as a virus vector, expressing a NDV immunogenic protein, and a live NDV vaccine strain is presented.
Abstract: The present invention provides a combination vaccine for use in the protection of poultry against ND comprising an expression system, such as a virus vector, expressing a NDV immunogenic protein, and a live NDV vaccine strain It is demonstrated that such a combination vaccine affords good local and systemic protection
50 citations
TL;DR: Lead decreased the mitogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) in birds vaccinated with NDVV and decreased the weights of the bursa of Fabricius, the thymus glands and the spleen relative to bodyweight.
47 citations
TL;DR: Three isolates of Newcastle disease virus from cormorants and turkeys were classified as velogenic neurotropic NDV (VNNDV) by standard pathotyping procedures in specific-pathogen-free white leghorn and white rock chickens, but the breed of chicken used in standard procedures did influence the numerical values of pathotype determinations.
Abstract: SUMMARY. Three isolates of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from cormorants and turkeys were classified as velogenic neurotropic NDV (VNNDV) by standard pathotyping procedures in specific-pathogen-free white leghorn and white rock chickens. White leghorns inoculated by eye drop, cloaca, intravenous, or intracerebral routes had a higher frequency of nervous signs and mortality than was observed in similarly inoculated white rocks. Two backpassages in white rocks increased the intravenous pathogenicity index of all three isolates, but none had a value after backpassage that was as high as the classical VNNDV strain Texas GB. The breed of chicken used in standard procedures did influence the numerical values of pathotyping determinations, but the differences between breeds were not large enough to change the pathotype assigned to these isolates.
46 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Newcastle disease virus caused preferential damage to lymphoma cells as compared to non-cancerous normal cells.
Abstract: Susceptibility of lymphoma cells (Daudi, HD-Mar) to Newcastle disease virus toxicity was found to be higher than that of lymphoblastoid cells (Milstein) and of resting peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Phytohemagglutinin- and/or pokeweed-mitogen-activated PBL however, exhibited, elevated sensitivity, similar to that of lymphoma cells. The level of cytotoxicity was monitored by cell viability, inhibition of DNA synthesis and release of51Cr. When Daudi cells were mixed with PBL they were significantly more sensitive to the killing effect of the virus (70% mortality compared to 30% 30 h after infection,P<0.05). The degree of sensitivity to viral cytotoxicity was unrelated to the efficacy of adsorption, which was similar for all cell lines as shown by immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. Also an influenza strain A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) adsorbed but did not affect the viability of any of the cells tested. Our results demonstrate that Newcastle disease virus caused preferential damage to lymphoma cells as compared to non-cancerous normal cells.
TL;DR: In commercial broiler chickens that were inoculated in the presence of maternally derived NDV immunity, the level of the NDV-specific humoral response was dampened, but significant levels of protection against both a lethal intramuscular NDV challenge and a fowl poxvirus challenge were obtained.
Abstract: A fowl pox-based recombinant virus TROVAC-NDV (vFP96.5) was developed expressing the fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoproteins from a velogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Studies in specific-pathogen-free birds indicated that inoculation of a single dose of the recombinant led to the induction of significant levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody that were maintained to 8 wk postinoculation. Further, the recombinant induced protective immunity against a combined intramuscular velogenic NDV challenge and respiratory NDV challenge. In commercial broiler chickens that were inoculated in the presence of maternally derived NDV immunity, the level of the NDV-specific humoral response was dampened, but significant levels of protection against both a lethal intramuscular NDV challenge and a fowl poxvirus challenge were obtained.
TL;DR: The MHC genotypes differed in mortality following exposure to both organisms but the rankings of the genotypes were not the same for P. multocida and NDV.
TL;DR: The commercially produced NDV vaccines reported here appear relatively stable when mass produced in avian embryonated eggs, and phylogenetic classification of commercial vaccine types correlated with their respective parent virus.
TL;DR: By gross and histological examination, the most severe damage detected was found to occur in lymphoid areas in a number of tissues, and the greatest amounts of viral antigen detected occurred in the proventriculus, small intestine, spleen, thymus and eyelid.
TL;DR: PBMCs of chickens exhibit typical signs of apoptosis after infection by the Newcastle disease virus, with a concomitant increase of apoptotic cells.
TL;DR: Newcastle disease virus infection of chicken macrophages causesChicken macrophage to undergo apoptosis as determined by agarose gel electrophoresis, thymidine release assays and flow cytometry.
TL;DR: A highly significant positive correlation between the number of infectious agents encountered during primary exposure and the incidence of colibacillosis after EC challenge was demonstrated.
Abstract: SUMMARY. Female large white turkeys were intranasally inoculated with either Newcastle disease virus (ND) or Bordetella avium (BA) at 4 weeks of age. This was followed by oral inoculation with an avirulent (vaccine) strain of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HE) at 5 weeks and intravenous inoculation with Escherichia coli (EC) at 6 weeks. Control birds received ND, BA, or HE followed by EC; EC alone; or nothing at all. Turkeys receiving one agent prior to EC challenge did not experience a significant increase in mortality or pericarditis. Those exposed to ND or BA followed by HE and EC experienced a significant elevation in mortality and pericarditis. A highly significant positive correlation between the number of infectious agents encountered during primary exposure and the incidence of colibacillosis after EC challenge was demonstrated.
TL;DR: Esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) and its diacetate exhibited a marked inhibitory effect on Newcastle disease virus replication in cell cultures at concentrations of 36 jam and 62 jam, respectively.
Abstract: Esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) and its diacetate exhibited a marked inhibitory effect on Newcastle disease virus replication in cell cultures at concentrations of 36 microM and 62 microM, respectively. These compounds were selected from ten hydroxycoumarin derivatives through an in vitro antiviral screen involving viruses of the picorna-, orthomyxo-, paramyxo-, and herpes virus families.
TL;DR: Immunogenicity tests performed in 1-week-old SPF leghorn chickens demonstrated that Ca B-1 induced complete protection when administered intraocularly as a single entity, however, when CaB-1 was given in combination with a modified live infectious bronchitis virus vaccine, chickens were only partially protected against Texas GB strain-induced neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease.
Abstract: The Hitchner B-1 strain of Newcastle disease virus was plaque-cloned and then serially passaged 36 times in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos incubated at two different temperatures. Virus passaged at a reduced temperature (29 C) was identified as cold-adapted (Ca) and virus passaged at the normal temperature (37 C) was designated non-cold-adapted (non-Ca). The Ca and non-Ca B-1 viruses were compared with the parent B-1 and a commercial B-1 vaccine. In vitro Ca B-1 characteristics included adaptation for more rapid growth at 29 C and the aquisition of temperature sensitivity indicated by substantially reduced growth at 41 C, properties not seen with non-Ca B-1. Embryo mean death times for the Ca virus (140 hr) were longer than for non-Ca B-1 (107 hr) and parent B-1 (121 hr) viruses. The Ca virus retained a rapid (< 2 hr) hemagglutination (HA) elution rate but lost the property of binding the monoclonal antibody AVS-I typical of other B-1 strains. The pathogenicity of the Ca B-1 strain was compared to the non-Ca B-1, parent B-1 strain, and a commercial B-1 strain vaccine in 1-day-old broiler-type chickens. Pathogenicity was evaluated by assessing the severity of respiratory disease signs and the incidence of airsacculitis, perihepatitis, and pericarditis lesions in inoculated chicks. A respiratory disease index was calculated for each B-1 strain based on daily observation scores that determined the presence or absence of disease signs (coughing, rales, labored breathing, death) from 1 to 14 days following intratracheal inoculation with 10(6) 50% egg infective doses of virus per chick. The lower respiratory disease index obtained for the Ca B-1 strain (0.075) indicated it was less pathogenic than the commercial B-1 vaccine (0.296) and the non-Ca (0.478) and parent (0.521) B-1 strains. Ca B-1-infected chicks had only a 5% incidence of air sac lesions, compared to chicks given non-Ca (65%), Hitchner B-1 (65%), or a commercial B-1 vaccine (30%). Immunogenicity tests performed in 1-week-old SPF leghorn chickens demonstrated that Ca B-1 induced complete protection when administered intraocularly as a single entity. However, when Ca B-1 was given in combination with a modified live infectious bronchitis virus vaccine, chickens were only partially protected (60-75%) against Texas GB strain-induced neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The average molecular mass of the released antigenic subunits was 307 kD and the oil-to-aqueous ratio was 1:2 as mentioned in this paper, which was the best known ratio.
Abstract: The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was solubilized with 10% w/v Tween 80 and inactivated with 0.05% v/v formalin. The average molecular mass of the released antigenic subunits was 307 kD. The tested vaccine was prepared in the form of a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion (WOWE) vaccine. The oil-to-aqueous ratio was 1:2. The solubilized NDV was administered alone or built in a tetravalent WOWE vaccine. A dose of the monovalent vaccine containing an equivalent of 44.7 microliters of detergent-treated NDV-allantoic fluid (NDV-AF) was sufficient for the complete protection of the commercially available chickens vaccinated at the age of 5 wk and challenged 7 wk later. The anti-NDV-free chickens, vaccinated at 4 wk of age and challenged 2 wk postvaccination, were 100% and 73% protected by a vaccinal dose containing 178.6 and 89.3 microliters of detergent-treated NDV-AF, respectively. Commercially available light pullets, primary vaccinated with live lentogenic NDV vaccine, generated a protective level of NDV antibodies after revaccination with WOWE vaccine containing 89.3 microliters of detergent treated NDV-AF. Laying hens were revaccinated under field conditions at the beginning of the laying cycle by the tetravalent vaccine. A vaccinal dose/bird containing 11.2 microliters of detergent-treated NDV-AF elicited a long-lasting high level of NDV neutralizing antibodies.
Patent•
10 Jan 1996
TL;DR: The findings of the present study indicate that delivering of NDV 4 HR vaccine on feed could provide a practical method of protecting indigenous chickens against Newcastle disease in rural Bangladesh.
TL;DR: The present invention provides the novel Newcastle disease virus strain C2 which is able to induce a solid immune response in poultry without adverse vaccination reactions.
TL;DR: In this paper, a case-control study was conducted to determine which primary infectious agents, either alone or in combination, may be associated with the development of secondary Escherichia coli infections in 6- to 12-week-old turkeys.
Abstract: This investigation sought to determine which primary infectious agents, either alone or in combination, may be associated with the development of secondary Escherichia coli infections in 6- to 12-wk-old turkeys. In a preliminary assessment, 20 turkey flocks experiencing clinical signs and mortality consistent with colibacillosis were sampled to ascertain whether, in addition to E. coli, evidence of previous or concurrent infection with hemorrhagic enteritis virus, Newcastle disease virus, and/or Bordetella avium was present. Results suggested that all three agents, either individually or collectively, were associated with the development of colibacillosis in turkeys. Using the above information, we designed a case-control study that used serological evidence to evaluate the association of these and several other infectious agents with the occurrence of colibacillosis. Ten turkey flocks experiencing a peak in mortality between 6 and 12 wk of age were compared with 10 healthy flocks of the same age and sex distribution. Statistical analysis of the data suggested a strong association between the occurrence of colibacillosis and the appearance of antibodies to hemorrhagic enteritis virus, Newcastle disease virus, Bordetella avium, and Mycoplasma meleagridis in the flock serological profiles.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: RT-PCR was applied to the detection of Newcastle disease virus, using two primer pairs spanning the cleavage site of the FO fusion protein coding sequence, demonstrating the applicability of the method for the control of poultry vaccines by ensuring the absence of extraneous agents.
Abstract: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in poultry vaccine was applied to the detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), using two primer pairs spanning the cleavage site of the FO fusion protein coding sequence. Amplification of a specific cDNA segment was possible from live and inactivated, oil-adjuvanted NDV vaccines without previous treatment. The RT-PCR was able to detect between 5 x 10(2) EID50 (in live vaccine preparations) and 10(5) EID(50) or 0.056 haemagglutinating units of NDV (in inactivated vaccine preparations). In addition, live vaccine preparations were inactivated with beta-propiolactone (beta-PL). Amplified cDNA was obtained after treatment with 0.1% beta-PL, whereas at a concentration of 1% or 10% no specific bands were visible in the agarose gel. These results demonstrate the applicability of the method for the control of poultry vaccines by ensuring the absence of extraneous agents.
TL;DR: The level of HI antibodies in the tears during the acute phase was very high and persisted at the same level for 14 days and in the face of an outbreak of Newcastle disease, there was a 1·4 fold difference between the maternal IgG concentration in the serum and tears.
Abstract: Micro-haemagglutination inhibition tests (Micro-HI) were used to measure the level of maternal IgG in the tears of chicks and also to measure the levels of HI antibodies in the tears and serum after vaccination with “F” strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and in the face of an outbreak of Newcastle disease. There was a 1·4 fold difference between the maternal IgG concentration in the serum and tears. The ratio of serum IgG to lachrymal IgG after maternal transfer was 4 to 5 : 1 on day 4 to 9 and decreased to 2·6 : 1 on day 12 post-hatch. The intra-ocular vaccination of chicks with “F” strain of NDV resulted in the highest titre of HI antibodies in the tears though there was no significant difference in the response of chicks vaccinated through intranasal, oral and intravenous routes. In the face of an ND outbreak, the level of HI antibodies in the tears during the acute phase was very high and persisted at the same level for 14 days.
01 Jan 1996