Showing papers on "Nozzle published in 1979"

Preventing apparatus for freezing of fountain nozzle

Abstract: PURPOSE: To prevent the freezing of fountain nozzle, by arranging one end of a heat pipe in the periphery of a nozzle case, and by allowing the other end to contact with a heat source. CONSTITUTION: When a fountain is stopped, fall of the open air temp. lowers the temp. of hydraulic fluid vapor in the heat pipe 21. When the temp. of the hydraulic fluid is lowered to a temp. not higher than that of soil, the part 21b, which is laid in the soil, of the heat pipe 21 is heated, and the hydraulic fluid is evaporated by the heat of the soil and flows to the other end 21a which is in contact with the nozzle case 1. At that time, the fluid vapor condenses to form liquid because the nozzle case is at a lower temp. than the soil, at the same time it releases condensing heat to the nozzle case 1. The condensed hydraulic fluid penetrates into a capillary material and is refluxed to the part 21b in the soil. Said circulation of the hydraulic fluid allows to heat the water contained in the nozzle case 1 with the heat held in the soil. Utilization of a main water pipe 4 as a heat source exerts the same effect. COPYRIGHT: (C)1981,JPO&Japio

Attenuation of Sound in a Low Mach Number Nozzle Flow

Abstract: This paper examines the energy conversion mechanisms which govern the emission of low frequency sound from an axisymmetric jet pipe of arbitrary nozzle contraction ratio in the case of low Mach number nozzle flow. The incident acoustic energy which escapes from the nozzle is partitioned between two distinct disturbances in the exterior fluid. The first of these is the free-space radiation, whose directivity is equivalent to that produced by monopole and dipole sources. Second, essentially incompressible vortex waves are excited by the shedding of vorticity from the nozzle lip, and may be associated with the large-scale instabilities of the jet. Two linearized theoretical models are discussed. One of these is an exact linear theory in which the boundary of the jet is treated as an unstable vortex sheet. The second assumes that the finite width of the mean shear layer of the real jet cannot be neglected. The analytical results are shown to compare favourably with recent attenuation measurements.

Emergency oil/mist system

Abstract: An emergency oil/mist system is embodied in the main lubrication system for a bearing or gear box assembly of a gas turbine engine, and includes an auxiliary reservoir interconnected between the main source of pressurized lubricant and an air aspirating nozzle which is capable of either providing a stream of oil to the bearing, or a mist of lubricant to the bearing. A source of pressurized air is connected to the air aspirating nozzle through a control piston valve, and the latter also is provided in a vent line extending between the auxiliary reservoir and the atmosphere. During normal operation of the main lubrication system, the source of pressurized oil is connected through the auxiliary reservoir to the nozzle for providing a stream of lubricant to the bearing. Upon failure of the source of pressurized lubricant, the control piston valve is actuated so as to connect the auxiliary or emergency lubricant reservoir to the atmosphere by the vent conduit, and simultaneously connect the source of pressurized air to the air aspirating nozzle. The pressurized air passing through the nozzle aspirates or draws oil from the emergency reservoir to provide a spray or mist of lubricant to the bearing. The vent assures that the oil in the auxiliary reservoir is withdrawn at a controlled rate, thereby providing a spray of lubricant to the bearing for a limited period of time to enable the engine to maintain its operation. The emergency system produces an ultrasonic impingement of the oil as it leaves the air aspirating nozzle so as to create extremely small droplets of uniform distribution of oil on the bearing.

Experiments of shock associated noise of supersonic jets

Abstract: The paper examines the aeroacoustics associated with model nozzles operating supersonically. In particular, the shock structure and radiated shock noise of Mach 1.5 and 2.0 nozzles are compared with those of a convergent nozzle over a wide nozzle pressure ratio range corresponding to a fully expanded Mach number between unity and 2.37. The nozzles were operated unheated both with and without a tab for screech tone suppression. The measurements show differences between the shock cell spacing of convergent and convergent-divergent nozzles, and the scaling relation appears to be a function of the exit-to-throat velocity ratio of each nozzle type. The acoustic measurements indicate the extent of the pressure ratio range where a C-D nozzle achieves a noise reduction benefit. At the design point of the Mach 1.5 nozzle, the total integrated sound power from this nozzle is 6 dB less than a convergent nozzle operating at the same pressure ratio and thrust

Centrifuge apparatus and method for producing hollow microspheres

Abstract: The hollow glass vacuum microspheres are made by forming a liquid film of molten glass across the coaxial blowing nozzles, applying the metal vapor blowing gas at a positive pressure on the inner surface of the glass film to blow the film which combines with the centrifugal force to form an elongated cylinder shaped liquid film of molten glass A transverse jet is used to direct the inert entraining fluid over and around the blowing nozzle at an angle to the axis of the blowing nozzle The entraining fluid as it passes over and around the blowing nozzle fluid dynmically induces a pulsating or fluctuating pressure field at the opposite or lee side of the blowing nozzle in the wake or shadow of the coaxial blowing nozzle The continued movement of the entraining fluid over the elongated cylinder produces asymmetric fluid drag forces on the cylinder and closes and detaches the elongated cylinder from the coaxial blowing nozzle and the detached cylinder by the action of surface tension forms into a spherical shape Quench nozzles are disposed radially away from the rotor and direct cooling fluid downwardly at and into contact with the hollow glass amicrospheres to rapidly cool and solidify the molten glass to form a hard, smooth hollow glass microsphere and where metal vapor blowing gas is used to cool and condense the metal vapor and to deposit the metal vapor on the inner wall surface of the microsphere as a thin metal coating

Multiple flavor post-mix beverage dispensing head

Abstract: A multiple flavor post-mix beverage dispensing head has a nozzle, a diluent outlet in the nozzle, a plurality of discrete concentrate outlets in the nozzle, a spout under the nozzle, an outlet from the spout for discharge of beverage from the head, and the improvements of a downward facing open concavity in the center of the nozzle and bounded by a downward facing sharp edge forming the lowest part of the nozzle, a convex bottom nozzle surface extending upwardly from the concavity sharp edge, a sharp edged and squared counterbore between the convex bottom nozzle surface and a restrictor bore in each of the concentrate outlets, sharp edges on all surface intersections on the nozzle bottom surface and rounded intersections between all surfaces in the interior of the spout, an included angle between the bottom surface of the nozzle and inner surface of the spout which is divergent toward the centerline of the spout and which turns into the spout outlet, and a toroidal diluent flooding chamber between the nozzle and the spout and outside of the concentrate outlets.

Well perforating apparatus and method

Abstract: A method and apparatus for perforating a well casing and surrounding formation are disclosed. The perforating apparatus includes a laser source for projecting a high intensity laser beam transversely through the well bore and surrounding formation and a nozzle assembly for injecting exothermically reactive gas along the path of the laser beam. The gas stream shields the output lens of the laser while accelerating the rate of laser beam penetration. The laser beam is actuated as the exothermic gas is discharged through the nozzle during a penetrating cycle, and the laser beam is interrupted while the exothermic gas is discharged during a melt ejection cycle following the penetrating cycle. When the laser tool is used for perforating materials such as concrete, stone and sand which do not react exothermically with the gas, a fluxing agent is discharged into the flow path of the nozzle and is entrained by the exothermically reactive gas during the penetrating cycle.

Purification of water through the use of ozone and ultraviolet light

Abstract: Water may be treated so as to oxidize organic contaminants and so as to kill microbiological contaminants through the utilization of ultraviolet light and ozone so as to obtain some residual ozone in the water treated by passing a mixture of water and air or air and ozone through a nozzle which concurrently compresses the mixture and breaks up any gas bubbles within the mixture into what may be loosely referred to as a radiation housing or chamber. The housing is a hollow, cylindrical chamber located around an elongated tubular lamp for producing actinic light such as ultraviolet light. The mixture is introduced into this chamber in a substantially tangential manner so as to swirl around the interior chamber in passing from the inlet of the chamber where the nozzle is located to the outlet of the chamber at the other end of the chamber.

Method and apparatus for extracting crude oil from previously tapped deposits

Abstract: A device for extracting crude oil out of an extraction bore of a previously tapped deposit, comprises, a combustion chamber having at least one reaction chamber portion and an evaporation chamber portion arranged in axial relationship with a constricted nozzle portion therebetween. Advantageously, an additional constricted nozzle portion separates a turbulence chamber from a front reaction chamber and the second constriction separates the front reaction chamber from a rear evaporation chamber. The evaporation chamber in turn feeds through a nozzle section to a narrow discharge into the extraction bore. A fuel and chemical oxygen or an oxygen carrier are directed into the combustion chamber preferably in front of the first constriction and forms high temperature combustion gases into which the water is directed in a manner to intermix the water with the combustion gases and to form superheated steam which is then discharged into the extraction bore. The steam causes the oil in the previously tapped deposit to become less viscous and to flow out of the extraction bore.

Dual fluid fuel nozzle

Abstract: A fuel nozzle (18) for a gas turbine engine (10) permits alternate use of different fluid fuels such as gaseous or liquid fuels without intermixing until delivery of the fuel to the combustion chamber (16). The nozzle provides concentric fuel delivery passages (28, 60) and allows for differing rates of expansion between the two passages.

Process for the production of fuel gas from coal

Abstract: An improved apparatus and process for the conversion of hydrocarbonaceous materials, such as coal, to more valuable gaseous products in a fluidized bed gasification reaction and efficient withdrawal of agglomerated ash from the fluidized bed is disclosed. The improvements are obtained by introducing an oxygen containing gas into the bottom of the fluidized bed through a separate conduit positioned within the center of a nozzle adapted to agglomerate and withdraw the ash from the bottom of the fluidized bed. The conduit extends above the constricted center portion of the nozzle and preferably terminates within and does not extend from the nozzle. In addition to improving ash agglomeration and withdrawal, the present invention prevents sintering and clinkering of the ash in the fluidized bed and permits the efficient recycle of fine material recovered from the product gases by contacting the fines in the fluidized bed with the oxygen as it emanates from the conduit positioned within the withdrawal nozzle. Finally, the present method of oxygen introduction permits the efficient recycle of a portion of the product gases to the reaction zone to increase the reducing properties of the hot product gas.

Fluid unit dispensing device

Abstract: A flexible unit dispensing device for a fluid comprising a squeezable hollow bulb portion and a cylindrical nozzle. The internal diameter of the nozzle is no smaller than 0.120 inches and the length of nozzle being such as to reach to the area of the rectal columns when the device is inserted in the anal canal.

Nozzle head of an ink-jet printing apparatus with built-in fluid diodes

Abstract: A nozzle head of an ink-jet printing apparatus according to the present invention comprises an ink reservoir for storing the ink supplied from an ink tank, a pump chamber provided between said ink reservoir and a nozzle for injecting ink particles, and a fluid diode provided between said ink reservoir and said pump chamber, which are all formed in a same substrate, wherein said pump chamber is caused to change its volume responsive to electric signals so that the ink stored therein is injected from said nozzle, and the ink is prevented from reversely flowing from said pump chamber to said ink reservoir when the volume of the pump chamber is changed, thereby to improve the frequency response of ink particles injected from the nozzle.

Voltage modulated drop-on-demand ink jet method and apparatus

Abstract: A drop-on-demand ink jet printer in which the print head includes a cavity having a nozzle portion at one end and a transducer mounted to contract a wall portion of the cavity when energized by a suitable voltage drive pulse. The drive pulses are produced at a predetermined rate but at a selectively controlled amplitude in response to the print data. In cases where no drop is required to print the data, the drive pulse is at a lower amplitude than the threshold voltage level, and for the first drop to be formed following a time at which no drop was formed, the amplitude of the drive pulse is greater than the threshold voltage level. At steady state operation of producing drops in sequence, the amplitude of the drive pulses equals the threshold voltage level.

Method and apparatus for producing hollow plastic microspheres

Abstract: Hollow plastic microspheres made from thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic compositions are described. The hollow plastic microspheres are made by forming a liquid film of thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic composition across a coaxial blowing nozzle, applying a blowing gas at a positive pressure to the inner surface of the plastic film to blow the film and form an elongated cylinder shaped liquid film of plastic. A transverse jet is used to direct an entraining fluid over and around the blowing nozzle at an angle to the axis of the blowing nozzle. The entraining fluid as it passes over and around the blowing nozzle fluid dynamically induces a pulsating or fluctuating pressure field at the opposite or lee side of the blowing nozzle in the wake or shadow of the coaxial blowing nozzle. The continued movement of the entraining fluid over the elongated cylinder produces asymmetric fluid drag forces on the cylinder and closes and detaches the elongated cylinder from the coaxial blowing nozzle and the detached cylinder by the action of surface tension forms into a spherical shape. Quench nozzles where the plastic is thermoplastic and heating nozzles where the plastic is thermosetting are disposed below and on either side of the blowing nozzle and direct cooling fluid or heating fluid at and into contact with the plastic microspheres to rapidly cool or heat and cure, solidify and harden the plastic to form hard, smooth hollow plastic microspheres. The hollow plastic microspheres can be used as filler materials in plastics, in plastic foam compositions and in concrete and asphalt compositions. The hollow plastic microspheres can be made from low heat conductivity plastic compositions and blown with a low heat conductivity gas and used to make improved insulation materials and composites and insulating systems. The hollow plastic microspheres can be made to contain a thin transparent or reflective metal coating deposited on the inner wall surface of the microspheres by adding to the blowing gas small dispersed metal particles and/or gases or organo metal compounds and decomposing the organo metal compounds. The hollow plastic microspheres can also be made in the form of filamented plastic microspheres with a thin plastic filament connecting adjacent plastic microspheres.

Fundamental study of bubble formation in dissolved air pressure flotation

Abstract: This paper deals with the hydrodynamic performance of very fine gas bubbles required for dissolved air pressure flotation, which are produced by dissolving air in water under pressure and subsequent flashing to normal pressure. Experiments were carried out on generated air flow rate and bubble diameter when air was dissolved in water under 1-5 Kg/cm2 gauge and flashed to normal pressure through a nozzle. The results clarify the effects of dissolved pressure, liquid flow rate and nozzle geometry, and the empirical equations for the number of generated bubbles are obtained. Also, some theoretical considerations on the generated air flow rate and diameter of generated bubbles are discussed.

Ink jet recorder

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent intrusion of foam into an ink jet head by forming a side section of an ink preparation chamber and a side section on the opposite side thereof such that they incline toward the side where a plurality of ink supply paths are formed as they go upward. CONSTITUTION:A foam flow-out path 22 is formed between a pair of substrates such that it is communicated from the upper portion of an ink preparation chamber 12 to a hole 15 formed at an upper portion than a nozzle group 10 and opened to the atmosphere. The side section formed at an ink supply path 21 of the ink preparation chamber 12 and the opposite side section are inclined toward the ink supply path side as they go upward. Consequently, even if form is mixed in the ink preparation chamber 12 when an ink jet head moves during printing, the foam which has raised through the ink preparation chamber 12 rises along the side section opposite to the side where the ink supply path 21 is formed, and is discharged through a flow-out path 22 and the hole 15 opened to the atmosphere, thereby it does not enter into the ink supply path arranged above the ink preparation chamber 12 to cause on injection failure.

Child-resistant dispensing nozzle assembly

Abstract: A child-resistant nozzle connectable to a spray dispensing device The child-resistant nozzle assembly of the present invention includes a nozzle having a slot in the upstream end for receipt of a lug connected to the pump body The lug may be depressed by the fingers of the user to selectively engage or disengage the slot in the nozzle When the lug is engaged in the slot in the nozzle, no liquids can leak or be dispensed from the nozzle

Spray application of coating compositions utilizing induction and corona charging means

Abstract: Disclosed is a spray gun having a gas nozzle and a fluid nozzle, each of the nozzles being in cooperative spatial relationship with the other to cause a fluid stream issuing from the fluid nozzle to be atomized and sprayed as fluid particles by gas issuing from the gas nozzle. In a preferred embodiment the fluid nozzle orifice has therein an axially disposed rod to increase surface area from which the fluid particles can be found, the rod being a corona discharge electrode of a first polarity. The spray gun additionally has an induction charging electrode of a second polarity opposite the first polarity and disposed adjacent the gas and fluid nozzles, the induction charging electrode defining a charging zone wherein an electrostatic charge is imparted to atomized electrically-chargeable fluid particles. Relatedly disclosed is a method of applying a liquid coating composition having an electrical conductivity of less than about 0.06 μmho/cm to a workpiece through utilization of both corona and induction charging in a spray gun.

Electric heater-blower apparatus for removing frost and snow from vehicle windows

Abstract: A portable frost and snow removing appliance for use in removing ice and snow from the surfaces of vehicle windows includes an elongated housing having a pistol handgrip at one end and containing an electrically operated two-speed blower and a resistance heater arranged to produce a high speed jet of unheated air or a slower stream of heated air through a discharge nozzle shiftably mounted on the other end of the housing and movable between first and second positions. The housing includes a lateral air outlet in a side wall between the heater and nozzle. The nozzle includes as a unitary one-piece structure therewith valve members within the housing and nozzle and cooperatively associated with the housing other end and the lateral air outlet to inversely open and close the lateral outlet and housing other end in response to shifting of the nozzle to its first and second positions, respectively, to permit air to be selectively discharged from either the nozzle or lateral air outlet. The housing is capable of being placed on its side upon the upper surface of a vehicle dash and operated in a manner to discharge heated air through the lateral air outlet upwardly along the inner windshield surface.

Gas turbine cooling systems

Abstract: A gas turbine engine having a turbine with internally cooled, stationary nozzles incorporated into first and second stage nozzle segments and a system for supplying air to the nozzles, for effecting a flow of cooling air into impingement and film cooling relationships with a tip shoe mounted in the nozzle case, and for generating a flow of air which first impingement cools a nozzle case lip supporting the upstream ends of the second stage nozzle segments and then acts as a buffer, keeping hot gases from entering the space between the nozzles and the nozzle case.

Process and apparatus for adding liquid components to pourable powdered or granular materials

Abstract: A vessel is described for the continuous mixing of pourable powdered or granular materials with liquid components, the pourable material being supplied to the vessel at the top. A deflector deflects the still dry material so that it trickles down inside the vessel in a hollow cylindrical stream. As it falls down freely it is subjected to spray from one or more nozzles of the liquid which is to be mixed with it. One nozzle is provided beneath the deflector and can spray the downwardly trickling stream from the inside. In the wall of the vessel several circles of nozzles are provided at various levels their spraying direction being directed radially inwards onto the downwardly trickling material

Ultra-high-speed filming of atomizing jets

Abstract: In the atomization regime, a liquid jet breaks up into droplets of diameter much smaller than the nozzle exit diameter, within the nozzle or immediately upon entering the chamber gas. The mechanism of atomization is currently unknown. The initial emergence and breakup details of liquid jets at the onset of injection were recorded, apparently for the first time, by an ultra‐high‐speed framing camera (up to 106 frames/sec). Liquid pressure and viscosity, gas pressure and density, and the nozzle internal geometry were varied. The nozzle exit diameter, the liquid surface tension and density, and the gas and liquid temperatures were not varied significantly. Intact length, spray angle, penetration rate, and quasi‐steadiness of the breaking jet are discussed. It is concluded that within the tested range, liquid cavitation or aerodynamic surface wave growth, augmented by liquid cavitation and/or boundary layer velocity profile relaxation phenomena, could explain the observed experimental trends adequately.

Tumbler washing and drying machine

Abstract: An improved cloth-handling machine in which the energy input necessary for evaporating and conducting away water from clothes being dried is minimized. The machine is a tumbler drying or a combination washing/drying machine and includes a casing having a radiant heater disposed adjacent a reflector in its upper portion adapted to heat a tumbler drum rotatably mounted within the casing. Air is withdrawn from the drum and moisture is condensed from the air which is then recirculated back to the interior of the drum. A condenser arrangement, positioned outside the casing, is comprised of an air turbulator portion connected to a drain opening at the bottom of the casing. A spray or mist of cooling water is supplied by way of a nozzle 22 mounted between the turbulator and the drain opening. The turbulator is followed by a filter and a tranquillizing duct leading through a sump to a pump having a syphon-type outlet. From the tranquillizing duct recirculated air is drawn by an impeller and is moved through an air passage between the radiant heater and reflector, so as to be heated and is thence supplied to the interior of the drum by a nozzle projecting through the usual charging opening of the drum.

Jet with variable throat areas using a deflector

Abstract: A downhole pump of the jet type for use in a borehole in order to produce fluid from the wellbore by employment of a power fluid source located above the surface of the ground. The power fluid flows through the jet pump assembly to cause a pumping action. The jet pump includes a suction chamber formed about a nozzle assembly. The nozzle is spaced from a venturi throat. The venturi throat diverges in a direction away from the nozzle. A deflector device is arranged concentrically with the nozzle and venturi. One end of the deflector is supported by the pump body, and a reduced convergent marginal free end is received within the divergent venturi throat, thereby forming an annulus between the throat and the deflector. The annular area increases in a downstream direction respective to the nozzle. The power fluid exits from the nozzle and enters the inlet of the venturi, causing produced fluid to be pulled into the throat entrance. The mixed fluids continue to flow through the throat and about the deflector and out of the venturi as the fluids are forced to continue through the pump and then to the surface of the earth. The deflector causes the power fluid to act against a greater surface area thereby utilizing all of the power fluid to its maximum advantage.

Combined pilot and main burner

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel system for a gas turbine engine wherein an annular combustion chamber 10 has an annular series of pairs of first and second nozzles 15,16. In one mode of operation fuel is supplied only to the first nozzles 15. In another mode, fuel is supplied also to the second nozzles. The change has to be made during operation of the engine. If the first and second nozzles had separate supply manifolds, the manifold pertaining to the second nozzles would have to be primed and purged respectively when initiating and terminating the use of the second nozzles. To avoid this difficulty the first and second nozzles are supplied by a single manifold 12 and the second nozzles are controlled by individual valves 21 situated close to the latter nozzles and operated collectively by a fluid pressure supply 26,27.