Showing papers on "Potassium dichromate published in 2013"

Curcumin Pretreatment Prevents Potassium Dichromate-Induced Hepatotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, Decreased Respiratory Complex I Activity, and Membrane Permeability Transition Pore Opening

Abstract: Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from turmeric with recognized antioxidant properties. Hexavalent chromium is an environmental toxic and carcinogen compound that induces oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of curcumin on the hepatic damage generated by potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in rats. Animals were pretreated daily by 9-10 days with curcumin (400 mg/kg b.w.) before the injection of a single intraperitoneal of K2Cr2O7 (15 mg/kg b.w.). Groups of animals were sacrificed 24 and 48 h later. K2Cr2O7-induced damage to the liver was evident by histological alterations and increase in the liver weight and in the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase in plasma. In addition, K2Cr2O7 induced oxidative damage in liver and isolated mitochondria, which was evident by the increase in the content of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl and decrease in the glutathione content and in the activity of several antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, K2Cr2O7 induced decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption, in the activity of respiratory complex I, and permeability transition pore opening. All the above-mentioned alterations were prevented by curcumin pretreatment. The beneficial effects of curcumin against K2Cr2O7-induced liver oxidative damage were associated with prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction.

A comparative study on chemical treatment of jute fiber: potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate and sodium perborate trihydrate

Abstract: Studies have been carried out on chemical treatments of jute fibers in order to hinder moisture absorption, which causes incompatibility with a non-polar polymer, and to increase the surface roughness for mechanical interlocking. The objective of this research is to improve the interfacial adhesion between jute fibers and polypropylene by oxidative treatments. On this basis, jute fibers were treated with potassium dichromate (PD), potassium permanganate (PM) and sodium perborate trihydrate (SP). Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize jute fibers. The effects of chemical treatments were also revealed by assessment of moisture absorbability, yarn tensile properties and interfacial shear strength with polypropylene. FTIR and XPS analyses confirmed oxidative modification of jute fibers using any of the surface treatments. It was observed that the proportion of O=C groups increased, whereas that of O–H groups decreased after oxidative modifications. Tensile strength and elasticity modulus results decreased after oxidative treatments, whereas PD, PM and SP enhanced the interfacial shear strength values by 25, 61 and 71 %, respectively. Only SP treatment influenced moisture absorbability results significantly. The surface roughness of untreated jute fibers shows increments after chemical treatments due to partial removal of surface cementings. According to the findings obtained from surface characterization methods and physical tests, the highest interfacial adhesion with better compatibility with polypropylene was achieved after SP treatment by providing the highest surface roughness values and hydrophobic character of jute fiber.

Genotoxicity and antioxidant enzyme activity induced by hexavalent chromium in Cyprinus carpio after in vivo exposure.

Abstract: Fish, being an important native of the aquatic ecosystem, are exposed to multipollution states and are therefore considered as model organisms for ecotoxicological studies of aquatic pollutants, including metal toxicity. We investigated oxidative stress (OS) in liver, kidney and gill tissues through antioxidant enzyme activities and genotoxicity induced in whole blood and gill tissues through comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test in Cyprinus carpio after 96-hour in vivo static exposure to potassium dichromate at three sublethal (SL) test concentrations, including SL-I [93.95 mg/L, i.e. one quarter of half-maximal lethal concentration (LC50)], SL-II (187.9 mg/L, i.e. one half of LC50), and SL-III (281.85 mg/L, i.e. three quarters of LC50), along with a control. The 96-hour LC50 value for potassium dichromate was estimated to be 375.8 mg/L in a static system in the test species. Tissues samples were collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours postexposure. Results indicated that the exposed fish experienced OS as characterized by significant (p < 0.05) variation in antioxidant enzyme activities, as compared to the control. Activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase increased, whereas activity of catalase decreased with the progression of the experiment. The mean percent DNA damage in comet tail and MN induction in gills and whole blood showed a concentration-dependent increase up to 96-hour exposure. The findings of this study would be helpful in organ-specific risk assessment of Cr(VI)-induced OS and genotoxicity in fishes.

Protective effect of ginger against toxicity induced by chromate in rats

Abstract: The evaluation of the effect of ginger on the modulation of toxic effects induced by chromate is the objective of our study 50 male rats Albinos Wistar were divided to five groups as follow: group I (T) is served as control, received a mineral water by gavage (per os); group II (G) received an experimental diet with 2% of ginger; group III (Cr) received an oral dose of potassium dichromate (15 mg/kg) and normal diet; group IV (CrG): received an oral dose of potassium dichromate (15 mg/kg) and an experimental diet containing 2% ginger; and group V (Cr(+)G) received an oral dose of potassium dichromate (25 mg/kg) and an experimental diet with 2% of ginger The results of this study indicate that the chromate provoked a haematoxic effect (anemia), nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and also a perturbation in lipids profile In addition, chromate has a pro-oxidant effect, which was indicated by decrease of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in different tissues However, the administration of ginger revealed a reduction of the intensity of oxidative stress induced by the chromate resulting in the decrease of the majority of the previous parameters concentrations In conclusion we demonstrated that ginger has potent antioxidants activity, revealed by the amelioration of chromate's toxic effects We can say that ginger has a protective effect towards damages induced by the chromate

Stainless steel passivation water solution and preparation method thereof

Abstract: The invention provides a stainless steel passivation water solution. The solution comprises the components of: molybdate, sulfamic acid, organic phosphoric acid, sodium citrate, benzotriazole, thiosemicarbazide, and a PH adjusting agent. The invention also provides a preparation method of the stainless steel passivation water solution. The stainless steel passivation water solution provided by the invention does not contain harmful components of nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and potassium dichromate. The solution is an environment-friendly novel alkaline passivation solution. A stainless steel passivation layer processed by the passivation of the passivation solution is compact and has good corrosion resistance.

EIS evolution of anodised aluminium by cerium salt sealing in NaCl solution with exposure time

Abstract: The sealing of porous anodic oxide film on aluminium 2024 involving immersion of the anodised aluminium in an aerated solution containing cerium salt under the application of pulse power at room temperature has been proposed as an alternative to dichromate sealing method. The sealing process shows some advantages. The corrosion behaviours of the anodised aluminium unsealed or sealed by dichromate and cerium salt respectively were investigated at different exposure times up to 30 days in 1M NaCl solution by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the damage functions were calculated in this work. The results show that the damage functions of anodised aluminium sealed with cerium salt are lower than those unsealed or sealed with potassium dichromate. Cerium salt sealing provides a better corrosion resistance of anodised aluminium in NaCl solution for long exposure time than dichromate sealing.

Nephroprotective effects of methanolic extract of peucedanum grande against acute renal failure induced by potassium dichromate in rats

Abstract: Peucedanum grande has been found to be associated with the several therapeutic properties. In the current study, we have used P. grande as an ameliorating agent against nephrotoxic effects of Potassium dichromate. Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) is a soluble hexavalent chromium compound that is extensively used in several industries. The rats were given pretreatment of P. grande orally at a dose of (60 and 120 mg/kg body weight) for five consecutive days 10 mg/kg b.wt was used as renal toxicant, and injected subcutaneously in the neck region in a volume of 1 ml/kg. The modulatory effects of P. grande on Potassium dichromate induced nephrotoxicity was investigated by assaying oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid peroxidation, serum kidney toxicity markers and by histopathological examination of kidney. P. grande pretreatment prevented deteriorative effects induced by Potassium dichromate through a protective mechanism that involved reduction of increased oxidative stress as well as by restoration of histopathological change against Potassium dichromate administration.

Secondary crosslinking, profile modification and profile control agent, and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract: The invention provides a secondary crosslinking, profile modification and profile control agent, and a preparation method and an application thereof. A formula of the secondary crosslinking, profile modification and profile control agent comprises, by weight, 0.3-0.5 parts of polyacrylamide, 0.08-0.12 parts of potassium dichromate, 0.15-0.20 parts of sodium hydrosulphite, 0.182-0.273 parts of resorcinol, 0.018-0.0273 parts of formaldehyde, 0.15-0.25 parts of ammonium nitrate and 100 parts of water. The 2h viscosity and 24h viscosity of the secondary crosslinking, profile modification and profile control agent at 40DEG C can reach 500-1500mPa.s and above 5000mPa.s respectively, and the viscosity loss of a gelatinized gel placed in closed water environment having a salinity of 100000ppm and a temperature of 120DEG for 15d is less than 5%.

Effect of Chlorine Concentration on Determining COD by Acid and Alkaline Potassium Permanganate

Abstract: In water monitoring, effect of chloride ion in water body on determining COD can not be ignored. Potassium dichromate has a strong oxidizing, and it can oxidize most of the organic in matter. But it generally is used to determine the water body which COD is larger than 30mg/L, and easily influenced by Chloride ion. So we often use alkaline potassium permanganate method which has weak impact by Chloride ion in high chlorine concentration wastewater. For the tidal estuary, we often use acidic potassium permanganate method in upstream and alkaline potassium permanganate method in downstream. The different detection methods cause the disagreement of water quality evaluation. This paper describes the influence of chlorine level on the COD standard solution prepared by laboratory and river freshwater sample from Qiantang River upstream in detail, and analyses the difference between the acid potassium permanganate method and alkaline potassium permanganate by comparing the COD standard solution prepared by laboratory and the freshwater sample. Last, this paper discusses the variation of COD during a tidal period.

Method for detecting organic matters in soil through potassium dichromate oxidation process

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting organic matters in soil through a potassium dichromate oxidation process, which comprises the steps of weighing a test sample, adding 5mL of 0.9 to 1.1mol/L of potassium dichromate standard solution and 5mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, and heating the test sample in a boiling water bath for 35 to 40 min; completely absorbing the cooled mixture into a conical flask with 250mL, adding a phenanthroline hydrate indicator, and using a ferrous sulfate solution to titrate to an end point. The method for detecting the organic matters in the soil through the potassium dichromate oxidation process optimizes the concentration of the potassium dichromate standard solution and the influence of the heating temperature and time on a detection result. The method provided by the invention is adopted to detect the content of the organic matters in the soil accurately and reliably, and the relative mean variation is less than 10%. Thus, according to the method provided by the invention for detecting the contents of the organic maters in the soil, a method which is reliable and convenient to realize is provided to meet the requirements in research and production.

Spectral Analysis of Catalytic Oxidation and Degradation of Bromophenol Blue at Low pH with Potassium Dichromate

Abstract: This research investigated the efficacy of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), ultraviolet (UV) solar irradiation and UV in combination with two diprotic acid i-e sulphuric and oxalic acid (UV chromate/carbonate), for decolorizing bromophenol blue (BPB). The results suggested that alone UV and solar exposure was the poor decolorizer of the dye waste water. Up to 10% color removal with alone UV and solar treatment were achieved which indicated that, only solar and UV were not effective for dye removal even though UV was slightly more effective as compared to solar one. The decline reaction rate was observed as a result of increased concentration of dye. Increase in concentration of dichromate showed two peaks at 592 and 515 which showed that bromophenol degraded into two smaller components through complex formation. Addition of sodium carbonate as a catalyst in dye chromate-oxalate system found to be effective in degradation of BPB with reduced time period. The reaction was rapid and almost maximum of the dye converted into CO2. Research outcome suggests that chromate-oxalate system is very effective techniques for reducing color of dye waste water for safety of aquatic environment. Reaction pathway of oxidation of BPB is discussed in the relevant section of the paper.

Understanding the gum dichromate process in pictorialist photographs: A literature review and technical study

Abstract: In the late 1800s, pictorialist photographers favored a diversity of photographic techniques, including the gum dichromate process. Sometimes superimposed over other photographic images such as platinum and silver prints, the gum dichromate process utilizes a light-sensitive mixture of gum arabic, pigment, and a potassium dichromate solution hand-applied onto a sheet of paper and exposed to light while in direct contact with a negative. The definitive identification of this process has proven to be a challenge due to many variations and intermingling of techniques used by photographers of this period. This research began with a search through the historic literature, followed by the creation of test samples based on historic recipes, and the X-ray fluorescence analysis of these tests. The identification of pigments and the presence of chromium have been associated with the gum dichromate or other dichromated colloid processes in the past. Research results reveal that the presence of chromium may h...

Inorganic aqueous solution (IAS) for phase-change heat transfer medium

Abstract: An inorganic aqueous solution for use in a phase-change heat transfer device comprises an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ), potassium dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ), chromium trioxide (CrO 3 ), silver chromate (Ag 2 CrO 4 ), strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH) 2 ), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) 2 ) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

Effect of pH Control at the Cathode for the Electrokinetic Remediation Efficiency

Abstract: Electro kinetic remediation, variably named as electrochemical soil processing, electro migration, ectrokinetic decontamination or electro reclamation, uses electric currents to extract radio nuclides, heavy metals, certain organic compounds, or mixed inorganic species and some organic wastes from soils and slurries. This paper presents the experimental study on the effect of control at the cathode for the electro kinetic remediation efficiency of the chromium polluted soils at laboratory scale. Potassium dichromate was chosen as the pollutant and its initial concentration was 100mg·kg-1 soil and 500mg·kg-1 soil. 1 DCV/cm voltage was applied, and the experiments were operated for 48h. The results indicate that pH control at the cathode can improve the removal efficiency of hexavalent chromium from kaolin significantly, and the electric energy consumption changed slightly. Neutralizing the OH result from the electro analysis of cathode with hydrochloric acid is the most effective method out of the several methods investigated, and the removal efficiency of hexavalent chromium reaches up to 90.8%, but it is necessary to do more research to prevent the acidification of soils. Also, the movement and transformation of hexavalent chromium in soils should be studied thoroughly.

Method for detecting hexavalent chromium in water sample

Abstract: The invention provides a method for detecting hexavalent chromium in a water sample, which comprises the following steps: (A1) heating a silver nitrate solution, adding a sodium citrate water solution and a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution, and cooling to obtain a silver colloid; centrifuging the prepared solution, and removing the supernatant for later use; (A2) by using the silver colloid as an active substrate, detecting potassium dichromate with a Raman spectrometer to obtain a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy fingerprint spectrum; establishing the relationship between Raman spectrum strength and concentration by using the spectrum; and (A3) adding the silver colloid into a concentrated solution of a water sample to be detected, detecting the Raman spectrum with a Raman spectrometer, and comparing the Raman spectrum with the fingerprint spectrum, thereby acquiring whether the water sample to be detected contains hexavalent chromium The invention can accurately, quickly and effectively analyze hexavalent chromium and the like in the water sample

Protective Effect of SnCl2 on K2Cr2O7-Induced Toxicity in LLC-PK1 Cells

Abstract: The exposure to hexavalent chromium is often known to cause acute renal failure. It has been found that nonenzymatic antioxidants and the induction of heme oxygenase 1 have protective effects against nephrotoxicity induced by potassium dichromate in vivo. In this work, the effect of stannous chloride, an inducer of heme oxygenase 1, on potassium dichromate-induced toxicity in proximal tubular epithelial cells was studied. Hexavalent chromium levels, peroxynitrite content, reduced thiol content, heme oxygenase activity, reactive oxygen species production, and stannous chloride scavenging capacity were measured. It was found that stannous chloride protects proximal tubular epithelial cells from potassium dichromate-induced cell death. The decrease in extracellular and intracellular hexavalent chromium concentration, the induction of heme oxygenase 1, and the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species and peroxynitrite are involved in the mechanism by which stannous chloride protects proximal tubular epithe...

Non-toxic environment-friendly normal temperature steel nigrescence treating agent and preparation method thereof

Abstract: The invention discloses a non-toxic environment-friendly normal temperature steel nigrescence treating agent, which consists of the following components by mass percent: 1-5% of blue copperas, 1-4% of zinc dihydrogen phosphate, 1-6% of zinc nitrate, 01-03% of citric acid, 1-2% of EDTA(ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid)-disodium, 1-6% of sodium thiosulfate, 1-4% of ammonium molybdate, 05-15% of nickel sulfate hexahydrate, 01-06% of hydroquinone, 05-15% of potassium dichromate and the balance of water The steps of the preparation method is as follows in sequence: firstly adding water calculated and weighted into a reaction kettle, starting a stirrer, controlling the rotated speed within 60 turns per minute, then sequentially and slowly adding the blue copperas, nickel sulfate hexahydrate, citric acid, zinc dihydrogen phosphate, zinc nitrate, EDTA-disodium, sodium thiosulfate, ammonium molybdate, hydroquinone, and potassium dichromate that are calculated and weighted into the reaction kettle, wherein each raw material added into the reaction kettle needs to be stirred for complete dissolution so as to obtain yellowgreen white out uniform liquid finally

Method for determining content of iron in Fe-Ce intermediate alloy

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining content of iron in Fe-Ce intermediate alloy, belonging to the technical field of analytical chemistry. The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of dissolving a test sample by using hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide solution, determining the content of the iron through a potassium dichromate volumetric method. The method can be used for accurately and rapidly determining the content of the iron in the Fe-Ce intermediate alloy.

Studies on Some Hematologic Values of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) Following its Sudden Transfer to Various Concentrations of Potassium Chlorate and Potassium Dichromate

Abstract: 2 Abstract: Occurring huge number of fireworks, match factories, printing and large number of cottage industries are in Sivakasi (Lat 9° 27' N, Long 77° 49' E). The number of match factories is higher than other factories and they were expelling varies chemical compounds such as Sulphur, potassium chlorate, ferric oxide and potassium dichromate, among them potassium chlorate and potassium dichromate are used in greater quantities then directly mixed with near bond water hence affect aquatic fishes were affected y these chemical compounds. So there is no provision for the treatment of effluents from the match and firework industries. The various chemicals are discharged into the neighboring drains. During the showers these effluents are washed into water bodies posing problems to aquatic animals such as Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters). The present study is an attempt towards the analysis of the effects of these chemicals on the blood parameters of a fish.

Method for measuring total iron content in fly ash

Abstract: The invention provides a method for measuring total iron content in fly ash. The method comprises the steps that 1) a sample to be measured is weighed, concentrated hydrochloric acid, a sodium fluoride solution and a stannous chloride solution are added into the sample to be measured and are heated to dissolve the sample; 2) the stannous chloride solution is continuously dripped into the sample in the sample dissolving process until the test solution is faint yellow or colorless; 3) after the sample is dissolved completely, solid potassium permanganate is added into the sample, and the solution is boiled until the solution is reddish; 4) the stannous chloride solution is dripped into the test solution again to enable the test solution to return to be faint yellow, the volume of the solution is concentrated to be about 20mL, then 100mL of water is added into the solution, and the solution is cooled down; 5) sodium tungstate is used as an indicator, a titanium trichloride solution is dripped into the test solution to enable the test solution to return to be light blue, titration is immediately conducted by a potassium dichromate standard titration solution after the test solution is faded to be colorless from light blue, and the total iron content is computed according to the volume of wasted potassium dichromate standard titration solution. The method for measuring the total iron content in the fly ash eliminates interference of reducibility ions in the test solution, and improves accuracy.

Quantitative method study on easily oxidized part of biochar during its degradation

Abstract: The determination of organic soil matter,in which potassium permanganate or potassium dichromate is used as oxidant,was employed to quantify the easily oxidized part of biochar during its degradation.The results showed that antioxidant activity of biochar was uneven.It might be due to the generation of small molecules via pyrolysis during preparation of biochar or the easily oxidized part in the degradation of biochar.Potassium dichromate was further used to determine the oxidation condition,and oxidized biochar was incubated in different ways.The oxidation results of original biochar and degraded biochar displayed the occurrence of easily oxidized part during degradation.It was found that the degree of degradation of natural biochar was relatively high,and active organics could indicate the degradation of biochar.Thus,the oxidization with potassium dichromate could be used to quantify the easily oxidized part of biochar.It is suggested that the easily oxidized part could be formed during the degradation of biochar,and natural degradation could produce oxidized part more easily than laboratory incubation;Quantitative detection of easily oxidized part by potassium dichromate can be used to determine the degree of degradation of biochar.It should be noted that oxidization conditions should be paid attention when the method is applied to different kinds of biochar.

Graphite oxide preparation method

Abstract: The invention relates to a graphite oxide preparation method, which comprises the following steps: setting a reaction container at a temperature of 3 DEG C, adding 150-250 g of concentrated sulfuric acid to the reaction container, and uniformly stirring; adding 5-8 g of graphite flakes to the reaction container, adding 6-8 g of magnesium nitrate, adding 5-10 g of potassium dichromate, and uniformly stirring; setting the reaction container at a temperature of 20 DEG C, wherein a reaction time is 40-70 min; setting a temperature to 60 DEG C, adding 250-350 g of purified water, and adding 8-18 g of sodium hypochlorite, wherein a reaction time is 50-70 min; after completing the reaction, centrifugating the reactant, wherein a centrifugation rotation speed is 8000 rpm, and a time is 15-25 min; and washing the precipitate three times with purified water to obtain the graphite oxide. The prepared graphite oxide has a high carbon-oxygen ratio.

Effectiveness of laccase in the oxidation and recovery of sulfur dyes

Abstract: Dyeing of cotton with sulfur dyes is preferred to develop deep shades at low cost with all-round good fastness, except to chlorine. Sulfur dye is water insoluble; dyeing of cotton with this dye necessitates reduction and solubilization of dye with sodium sulfide at boil followed by oxidation with acidic potassium dichromate. Application of dichromate develops stiffness on dyed cotton due to the precipitation of chromium compounds, causing occasional change in tone and increasing the solid content of the discharged waste water. In this work, the feasibility of laccase as a potential oxidizing catalyst was studied for the oxidation of sulfur-dyed cotton in an attempt to substitute toxic dichromate. Attempts were also made to precipitate unused sulfur dye from the exhausted dyebath using laccase and reuse of the precipitated dye for the fresh dyeing of cotton.

Volumetric analysis method adopting mercury-free titration of iron

Abstract: The invention discloses a volumetric analysis method adopting mercury-free titration of iron. The method is characterized by dissolving an iron-containing sample by a conventional method, quantitatively reducing Fe to Fe with stannous chloride, then oxidizing excessive stannous chloride with a methylene blue solution, in a sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid mixed environment, adding sulfanilic acid to remove light blue of methylene blue, taking sodium diphenylaminesulfonate as an indicator and titrating Fe with a potassium dichromate standard solution until stable purple red appears to be the end point and computing the mass fraction of iron in the iron-containing sample. The method has the beneficial effects that a highly toxic mercuric chloride reagent is avoided and pollution is reduced; and the analysis method is easy to operate, has high accuracy and is suitable for determining the content of the major component iron in iron ores and iron powder.

Potassium Dichromate-DNS Colorimetric Determination of the Content of Ethanol in the Fermentation Broth

Abstract: Because the fermentation broth often contains some reducing substances,for example glucose,when we use the classic potassium dichromate oxidation colorimetric determination of the content of ethanol in the fermentation broth,the result is often too large.In order to determine the content of ethanol in the fermentation broth,using DNS oxidation colorimetric to measure the glucose content on the basis of the clas-sic potassium dichromate oxidation colorimetric can correct the ethanol content of the measured results.The statistical analysis shows the relative average error of the improved potassium dichromate-DNS colorimetric measurement of glucose-containing ethanol standard solution is 0.95%,much smaller than 18.07%,the rela-tive average error of the conventional potassium dichromate oxidation colorimetric.It improves the accuracy in the case of similar precision,so it's more suitable for the determination of the ethanol content in the fer-mentation broth containing glucose and other reducing ingredients.

Effect of the Protonation and Chemical Doping of Poly(o-toludine) with Copper Sulfate on the Spectral and Electrical Properties of the Host Polymer

Abstract: Poly(o-toluidine) (POT) and its samples doped with copper sulfate, a transition metal salt, were synthesized by a chemical oxidative polymerization technique using potassium dichromate as oxidant i...