Showing papers in "Food and Chemical Toxicology in 2013"

TL;DR: The present review tries to shed some light on research on antioxidants (natural and synthetic) and prooxidants, showing the potential benefits and adverse effects of these opposing events, as well as their mechanisms of action and detection methodologies.

TL;DR: In this review, occurrence and toxicology of the main mycotoxins are summarised, and methodological approaches for exposure assessment are described.

TL;DR: The current review points out several research needs in order to address important questions on AGEs in foods and health.

TL;DR: Silver migration was observed for all samples studied, with the total silver migration values ranging between 1.66 and 31.46 ng/cm(2) (lower than the permissible limits), and size and morphology of the silver nanoparticles changed for the different samples and migration of other nanosized materials was also confirmed.

TL;DR: The results indicated that low and environmentally relevant concentrations of glyphosate possessed estrogenic activity and there was an additive estrogenic effect between glyphosate and genistein, a phytoestrogen in soybeans, however, these additive effects of glyphosate contamination in soybean cultivation need further animal study.

TL;DR: Arsenic target hazard quotient (THQ) values, suggest that human should minimizing meals/week of analyzed species to avoid deleterious effect during lifetime, and with As cancer risk assessment, for most of the fish, the risk for cancer is greater than the acceptable lifetime risk of 10(-5).

TL;DR: Ethanolic extract of A. bisporus had potent antioxidant activity and could be explored as a novel natural antioxidant, according to results suggested.

TL;DR: The health risk assessment revealed that there was no health risk for most of the heavy metals except Cd, which showed a high level of health risk index (HRI⩾10E-1) that would pose a potential health risk to the consumers.

TL;DR: The results indicated that SCPE has strong antioxidant activities and significant protective effect against acute hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4, and have been supported by the evaluation of liver histopathology in mice.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the Brazilian red propolis is capable of inhibiting cancer cell growth and constitutes an excellent source of antioxidant and antitumor natural agent.

TL;DR: Although the exposures assessed were generally lower than the previous French TDS, the results indicated a health concern for trichothecenes and a need to reduce dietary exposure as well as analytical limits.

TL;DR: A differential hepatic response to distinct profiles of hepatic cellular GSH concentration is revealed and transgenic mouse models with genetic deficiencies in glutamate-cysteine ligase provide interesting new insights regarding pathophysiological functions of GSH in the liver.

TL;DR: The growth-inhibitory and proapoptotic effects of the eighteen sage essential oils were evaluated in three human melanoma cell lines, A375, M14, and A2058, and show that the main components were α-thujone, camphor, borneol, γ-muurolene and sclareol for all the samples, but the percentages varied depending on environmental factors such as altitude, water availability and pedo-climatic conditions.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that Centaurea species could be an anticholinesterase agent and antioxidant resource in some industries, such as food, pharmacology, and cosmetics.

TL;DR: A database was created with person-oriented information regarding usage patterns and circumstances of use for 32 different PCPs that yields important personalized exposure factors which can be used in aggregate consumer exposure assessment for substances that are components of PCPs.

TL;DR: Results indicate that E. bicyclis and its constituents exhibited anti-inflammatory activity which might attribute to inhibition of NO and ROS generation and suppression of the NF-κB pathway and can therefore be considered as a useful therapeutic and preventive approach to various inflammatory and oxidative stress-related diseases.

TL;DR: The overall aim of this review is to discuss the frontiers in the field of resveratrol's mechanisms, bioactivity, biology, and health-related use.

TL;DR: This mini-review aspires to account and present the literature reports published on research concerning various natural and synthetic stilbenes, such as trans-resveratrol, with special focus on most recent research findings.

TL;DR: The cytotoxicity of four common Fusarium mycotoxins is investigated on a normal porcine jejunal epithelial cell line, IPEC-J2, and suggests that the effects of multiple complex mixtures need to be better understood to assess health risks.

TL;DR: The results showed the nephroprotective activity of berberine against CP-induced renal injury, which could be attributed to the inhibition of oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis.

TL;DR: Findings demonstrate the remarkable potential of these plants as valuable source of antioxidants with exhibit original and interesting anti-inflammatory and anticancer capacities.

TL;DR: These important biological activities showed that P. granatum leaves could be a potential source of the active molecules intended for applications in pharmaceutical industry, but only after additional in vivo experiments.

TL;DR: Short-term HIT attenuates oxidative stress and up-regulates antioxidant activity after only nine training sessions totaling 22 min of high intensity exercise, further supporting its positive effect not only on physical conditioning but also on health promotion.

TL;DR: Assessment in stem extracts from Greek Vitis vinifera varieties of the total polyphenolic content (TPC), the identification of the polyphenols present in them, and the evaluation of their antioxidant activity, protection against ROS-induced DNA damage and inhibition of liver (HepG2) and cervical cancer cell growth were comparable to those of seed extracts.

TL;DR: Observations indicate that phenolic ChL compounds may exert a chemopreventive and anticarcinogenic effect on oxidative stress and ROS-dependent intracellular signaling via synergic effects, and demonstrates the suitability of ChL for dietary supplementation.

TL;DR: Oral administration of TEO for 13 weeks did not alter total cholesterol, triglycerides, markers of renal function, serum electrolyte parameters and histopathology of tissues, and there were no mortality, adverse clinical signs or changes in body weight; water and food consumption during acute as well as subchronic toxicity studies.

TL;DR: Levels of Cu, Mn, Se and Zn have been determined in fresh, canned and frozen fish and shellfish products and all the species analyzed showed beneficial Hg:Se ratios and Se-HBVs, except for the shark species because of their high Hg levels and low Se content.

TL;DR: Results suggest that selenium has an ability to inhibit mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in oxidative stress mediated kidney dysfunction caused by cadmium.

TL;DR: This study confirmed the antagonistic roles of curcumin to counteract inorganic arsenic-induced hepatic toxicity in vivo, and suggested that the potent Nrf2 activation capability might be valuable for the protective effects ofCurcumin against arsenic intoxication.

TL;DR: The first finding of urinary deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, their conjugates, ochratoxin A and zear alenols in Transkei is found, demonstrating the value of multi-biomarker methods in measuring exposures in populations exposed to multiple mycotoxins.