Showing papers on "Remanufacturing published in 2014"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored a range of product life extension strategies and concluded that tailored approaches are needed to determine when to apply which product life-extension strategy and how to apply them.
495 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate the successful repair of defective voids in turbine airfoils based on a new semi-automated geometric reconstruction algorithm and a laser direct deposition process.
330 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) who faces competition from an independent remanufacturer (IR), and show that the OEM relies more on quality as a strategic lever when it has a stronger competitive position, and in contrast it relies more heavily on limiting quantity of cores when it had a weaker competitive position.
Abstract: We consider an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) who faces competition from an independent remanufacturer (IR). The OEM decides the quality of the new product, which also determines the quality of the competing remanufactured product. The OEM and the IR then competitively determine their production quantities. We explicitly characterize how the OEM competes with the IR in equilibrium. Specifically, we show that the OEM relies more on quality as a strategic lever when it has a stronger competitive position (determined by the relative cost and value of new and remanufactured products), and in contrast it relies more heavily on limiting quantity of cores when it has a weaker competitive position. The IR's entry threat as well as its successful entry can decrease the consumer surplus. Furthermore, our results illustrate that ignoring the competition or the OEM's quality choice leads to overestimating benefits of remanufacturing for consumer and social welfare. In addition, we show an IR with either a sufficiently weak competitive position (so the OEM deters entry) or a sufficiently strong one (so the OEM is forced to limit quantity of cores) is desirable for reducing the environmental impact. Comparing our results with the benchmark in which the OEM remanufactures suggests that encouraging IRs to remanufacture in lieu of the OEMs may not benefit the environment. Furthermore, the benchmark illustrates that making remanufacturing more attractive improves the environmental impact when the remanufacturer is the OEM, while worsening it when remanufacturing is done by the IR.
301 citations
TL;DR: An analytical model is defined used to explore the implications of recycling on the reverse supply chain from an efficiency perspective for all participants in the process and shows that performance measures and total supply chain profits improve through coordination with revenue sharing contracts on both two- and three-echelon reverse supply chains.
240 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantified environmental and economic benefits of the Integrated Product Service Offering (IPSO) in real practice from a life cycle perspective, in comparison with its corresponding product-sales type business as a reference.
219 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the impact of subsidy policies on the development of the recycling and remanufacturing industry in China using system dynamics methodology and by simulating Chinese auto parts industry.
161 citations
TL;DR: It is found that when the cost benefits of remanufacturing diminishes and the IO has more chance to collect the available cores, the OEM manufactures less in the first period as the market in the second period gets larger to protect its market share.
157 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that green advertising should aim to increase customers’ knowledge and awareness about the return policy because collaboration is successful only when the returns’ residual value is large while the sharing parameter is not too high.
Abstract: We consider a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) with a single manufacturer and a single retailer who invest in green advertising to build up the goodwill dynamic The latter has a dual purpose On one hand, it leads to higher sales and plays the traditional role of marketing tool On the other hand, it increases the return rate, playing the role of an operational tool The players evaluate the convenience of collaborating in a CLSC (collaborative remanufacturing) by pursuing both marketing and operational targets implementing a Reverse Revenue Sharing Contract (RRSC) Our findings suggest that green advertising should aim to increase customers’ knowledge and awareness about the return policy because collaboration is successful only when the returns’ residual value is large while the sharing parameter is not too high Moreover, the inefficiencies that RRSC carries out limit substantially its adoption A RRSC is payoff-Pareto-improving only in few cases Finally, we highlight the limitations of previous research in supply chain contracting, which has disregarded the administrative costs of using a two-parameter contract; this lack of consideration leads to imprecise findings and managerial prescriptions
151 citations
TL;DR: Close-loop supply chain models for a high-tech product which is featured with a short life-cycle and volatile demand are studied and the impacts of collection cost structures and implementations of product take-back laws are investigated.
147 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a probabilistic mixed integer linear programming model for the design of a reverse logistic network is proposed, which is first converted into an equivalent deterministic model. And then, a priority based genetic algorithm is proposed to find reverse logistics network to satisfy the demand imposed by manufacturing centers and recycling centers with minimum total cost under uncertainty condition.
136 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify tools and methods which have been developed within academia to support the decision process of assessing and evaluating the viability of conducting remanufacturing, and evaluate how they have met the requirements of the decision stage.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an analytical model and a behavioral study which together incorporate demand cannibalization from multiple customer segments across the firm's product line, and perform a series of numerical simulations with realistic problem parameters obtained from both the literature and discussions with industry executives.
Abstract: This article provides a data-driven assessment of economic and environmental aspects of remanufacturing for product + service firms. A critical component of such an assessment is the issue of demand cannibalization. We therefore present an analytical model and a behavioral study which together incorporate demand cannibalization from multiple customer segments across the firm's product line. We then perform a series of numerical simulations with realistic problem parameters obtained from both the literature and discussions with industry executives. Our findings show that remanufacturing frequently aligns firms' economic and environmental goals by increasing profits and decreasing the total environmental impact. We show that in some cases, an introduction of a remanufactured product leads to no changes in the new products' prices (positioning within the product line), implying a positive demand cannibalization and a decrease in the environmental impact; this provides support for a heuristic approach commonly used in practice. Yet in other cases, the firm can increase profits by decreasing the new product's prices and increasing sales�a negative effective cannibalization. With negative cannibalization the firm's total environmental impact often increases due to the growth in new production. However, we illustrate that this growth is nearly always sustainable, as the relative environmental impacts per unit and per dollar rarely increase.
TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical analysis was conducted of the key variables underlying the purchase intentions of potential consumers in order to gain insight into the key drivers of that behavior and provide managers of firms interested in implementing green initiatives in their supply chain with useful information for their consideration of closed-loop supply chains and for integrating marketing decisions concerning remanufactured products into the development of end-of-use strategies.
TL;DR: In this article, a closed-loop supply chain consisting of two manufacturers who compete for selling their new product as well as for collection of the used-products for remanufacturing through a common retailer is analyzed.
TL;DR: A novel service-oriented remanufacturing platform is proposed based on the cloud manufacturing concept for recycling, reuse and remanufacture WEEE products by setting up a cloud-based information system.
Abstract: The modern manufacturing industry calls for a new generation of integration models that are more interoperable, intelligent, adaptable and distributed. Evolved from service-oriented architecture, web-based manufacturing and cloud computing, cloud manufacturing is considered worldwide a new enabling technology for manufacturing enterprises to respond quickly and effectively to the changing global market. For Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) in particular, it is a critical necessity to recycle, reuse and remanufacture WEEE products by setting up a cloud-based information system. In this paper, a novel service-oriented remanufacturing platform is proposed based on the cloud manufacturing concept.
TL;DR: The optimal remanufacturing/manufacturing policy follows a base-on-stock pattern, which is characterized by some crucial parameters dependent on these cost differences.
TL;DR: A two phase fuzzy mixed integer optimisation algorithm is developed to provide a solution to the inventory control and production planning problem and to better understand the effects of quality of returns and RL network parameters on the network performance.
TL;DR: In this article, a grey-based decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method is applied to examine the cause-effect relationships among various implementation barriers in a remanufacturing supply chain.
Abstract: This paper introduces a research framework to identify barriers from a remanufacturing supply chain perspective including strategic (governmental) and operational dimensions. Using responses from expert practitioners in a truck engine remanufacturer in China, a grey-based Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method is applied to examine the cause-effect relationships among various implementation barriers. The results identify that lack of strong financial support for remanufacturing technologies or equipment updates and innovation are key implementation barriers. Lack of quality standards of remanufactured products, adequate availability of used truck engines, and quality guarantee marketing of remanufactured engines are also major barriers.
TL;DR: A multiple objective advanced remanufacturing- to-order and disassembly-to-order (ARTODTO) system is proposed as an order-driven component and product recovery (ODCPR) system to achieve multiple conflicting financial, environmental and quality-based goals.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors introduced some basic concepts on automotive components remanufacturing (ACR) in China and analyzed its roles, according to different ACR production types, characteristics of their operation modes are summarized and compared.
TL;DR: In this paper, a mathematical model for determining the optimal recovery plan for any given product is presented, based on an evaluation and optimization of the economics of remanufacturing consumer products versus demanufacturing in the context of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR).
Abstract: Environmental and economic evidence is increasingly supporting the need for better analytical tools for evaluating the recovery of consumer products. In response, we present a novel mathematical model for determining what we call the Optimal Recovery Plan (ORP) for any given product. The ORP is based on an evaluation and optimization of the economics of remanufacturing consumer products versus demanufacturing in the context of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) legislation, a driving force behind the adoption remanufacturing initiatives by firms. We provide an illustrative application of the model and then discuss its implications for scholars and practitioners concerned with sustainable business development.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an economic analysis of the use of end-of-vehicle-life lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and plug-in electric hybrid vehicles.
Abstract: Purpose: Lithium-ion batteries that are commonly used in electric vehicles and plug-in electric hybrid vehicles cannot be simply discarded at the end of vehicle application due to the materials of which they are composed. In addition the US Department of Energy has estimated that the cost per kWh of new lithium-ion batteries for vehicle applications is four times too high, creating an economic barrier to the widespread commercialization of plug-in electric vehicles. (USDOE 2014). Thus, reducing this cost by extending the application life of these batteries appears to be necessary. Even with an extension of application life, all batteries will eventually fail to hold a charge and thus become unusable. Thus environmentally safe disposition must be accomplished. Addressing these cost and environmental issues can be accomplished by remanufacturing end of vehicle life lithium ion batteries for return to vehicle applications as well as repurposing them for stationary applications such as energy storage systems supporting the electric grid. In addition, environmental safe, “green” disposal processes are required that include disassembly of batteries into component materials for recycling. The hypotheses that end of vehicle application remanufacturing, repurposing, and recycling are each economic are examined. This assessment includes a forecast of the number of such batteries to ensure sufficient volume for conducting these activities. Design/methodology/approach: The hypotheses that end of vehicle application remanufacturing, repurposing, and recycling are economic are addressed using cost-benefit analysis applied independently to each. Uncertainty is associated with all future costs and benefits. Data from a variety of sources are combined and reasonable assumptions are made. The robustness of the results is confirmed by sensitivity analysis regarding each key parameter. Determining that a sufficient volume of end of vehicle application lithium-ion batteries will exist to support remanufacturing, repurposing, and recycling involves estimating a lower bound for the number of such batteries. Based on a variety of forecasts for electric vehicle and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle production, a distribution of life for use in a vehicle, and the percent recoverable for further use, three projections of the number of end of vehicle applications batteries for the time period 2010 to 2050 are developed. The lower bound is then the minimum of these three forecasts. Multiple forecasts based on multiple sources of information are used to help reduce uncertainty associated with finding the lower bound, which is particularly important given the short time such vehicles have been in use. Findings: The number of lithium-ion batteries becoming available annually for remanufacturing, recycling and repurposing is likely to exceed 3,000,000 between 2029 and 2032 as well as reaching 50% of new vehicle demand between 2020 and 2033. Thus, a sufficient number of batteries will be available. Cost benefit analysis shows that remanufacturing is economically feasible, saving approximately 40% over new battery use. Repurposing is likewise economically feasible if research and development costs for new applications are less than $82.65 per kWh for upper bound sales price of $150.00 per kWh. For a lower bound in R&D expenses of $50 per kWh, the lowest economic sales price is $114.05 per kWh. Recycling becomes economically feasible only if the price of lithium salts increases to $98.60 per kg due to a shortage of new lithium, which is possible but perhaps not likely, with increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries. Research limitations/implications: The demand for lithium-ion batteries for vehicle applications through 2050 has a high degree of uncertainty. Repurposing applications are currently not fully developed and recycling processes are still evolving. There is a high degree of uncertainty associated with the cost-benefit analysis. Practical implications: Lithium-ion batteries are a major cost component of an electric vehicle and a plug-in electric hybrid vehicle. One way of reducing this cost is to develop additional uses for such batteries at the end of vehicle application as well as an environmentally friendly method for recycling battery components as an alternative to destruction and disposal. Social implications: The use of lithium-ion batteries in vehicles as opposed to fossil fuels is consistent with the guiding principles of sustainability in helping to meet current needs without compromising the needs and resources of future generations. Reusing entire lithium-ion batteries or recycling the materials of which they are composed further reinforces the sustainability of the use of lithium-ion batteries. Originality/value: The results show that a sufficient number of batteries to support remanufacturing, repurposing, and recycling will be available. Remanufacturing is shown to be economically feasible. Repurposing is shown to be feasible under reasonable conditions on design and development. Recycling will likely not be economically feasible in isolation but will eventually be necessary for all batteries. Thus, the costs of recycling must be assigned to original vehicle use, remanufacturing and repurposing applications Furthermore, this effort integrates information from a wide variety of sources to show the economic feasibility of end of vehicle application uses for lithium-ion batteries.
TL;DR: In this article, the benefits of introducing remanufacture into the die and mould industry are firstly discussed, followed by a summary of the unique characteristics of remanufacturing of dies and moulds compared to those of other products.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider a remanufacturer who has two options for selling the products: (1) providing the remanufactured products to a manufacturer, then the manufacturer sells both new products and the re-manufactured items to customers, and (2) selling the re manufactured products directly to customers.
Abstract: In this paper, we address the problem of choosing an appropriate channel for the marketing channel structure of remanufactured fashion products. To be specific, we consider a remanufacturer who has two options for selling the products: (1) provide the remanufactured products to a manufacturer, then the manufacturer sells both new products and the remanufactured products to customers, and (2) sell the remanufactured products directly to customers. Because of the relatively low acceptance of remanufactured products and environment consciousness of customers in developing countries like China, we model the two scenarios as decentralized remanufacturing supply chains, with the manufacturer being the Stackelberg leader and the government offering subsidy to the remanufacturer to incentivize remanufacturing activities. We find that the subsidy can incentivize remanufacturing activity regardless of the remanufacturer’s channel choice. A “too high” or “too low” subsidy makes the remanufacturer compete with the manufacturer, and an intermediate subsidy results in cooperation between the two members of the remanufacturing supply chain. Meanwhile, if the customers’ acceptance for remanufactured products is higher, the remanufacturer will be more likely to compete with the manufacturer. However, the remanufacturer’s optimal channel choice may be inefficient in the sense of social welfare and environmental protection.
01 Dec 2014
TL;DR: A Kano model, fuzzy-AHP, and M-TOPSIS-based technique is shown to successfully find the optimal order of component removal using AND/OR precedence relation, and the results show improvements in the performance in comparison with other techniques.
Abstract: Recovery, recycling or remanufacturing of post-consumed products are viable alternatives for reducing the environmental problems resulting from the huge amounts of waste currently arriving at landfills. Disassembly operations are inevitable for product recovery therefore the disassembly line is an appropriate choice to carry out the same. A disassembly line balancing problem is how to streamline the disassembly activities, so that the total disassembly time required at each workstation is approximately the same. The assignment of jobs to workstations in a disassembly environment has been the matter of concern to researchers because the product, which has to be disassembled, have different types of materials. The main aim of a disassembly process is to reuse components and reduce undesirable impact on the environment. This paper applies a Kano model, fuzzy-AHP, and M-TOPSIS-based technique, shown to successfully find the optimal order of component removal using AND/OR precedence relation. The tasks are assigned to the disassembly workstations according to their priority rank and precedence relations. The proposed technique has been illustrated with an example and the results show improvements in the performance in comparison with other techniques.
TL;DR: In this paper, an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) decides on the acquisition prices offered for returns from different quality types and on selling prices of new and remanufactured products, in a single period setting.
Abstract: In this study, we combine two aspects of remanufacturing, namely product acquisition management and marketing (pricing) of the remanufactured products. We consider an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) who decides on the acquisition prices offered for returns from different quality types and on selling prices of new and remanufactured products, in a single period setting. We develop a procedure for determining the optimal prices and corresponding profit of the OEM, and conduct a sensitivity analysis to understand the effect of different model parameters on the optimal strategies and profit. An important managerial insight is that the optimal solution is not to have the same profit per remanufactured item for all return types, but to if the minimum cost for acquisition and remanufacturing of some core type is lower.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the energy consumption and environmental emissions of the entire life cycle of an originally manufactured diesel engine compared with its remanufactured counterpart, and found that diesel engine remanufacturing could reduce 66% of energy consumption, compared to original manufacturing.
Abstract: Life cycle assessment (LCA) enables us to estimate potential resource and energy consumption as well as environmental emissions resulting from various activities within our economy. The present LCA intends to analyze the energy consumption and environmental emissions of the entire life cycle of an originally manufactured diesel engine compared with its remanufactured counterpart. Further, the article attempts to identify the processes in diesel engine manufacturing and remanufacturing life cycles that contribute most to energy consumption and environmental impacts. Six environmental impacts were assessed in this study: global warming potential (GWP); acidification potential (AP); eutrophication potential (EP); ozone depletion potential (ODP); photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP); and abiotic depletion potential (ADP). The results show that diesel engine remanufacturing could reduce 66% of energy consumption, compared to original manufacturing. The greatest benefit related to environmental impact is with regard to ODP, which is reduced by 97%, followed by EP, GWP, POCP, AP, and ADP, which can be reduced by 79%, 67%, 32%, 32%, and 25%, respectively. In the life cycle of diesel engine manufacturing, production of materials brings about larger environmental impacts, especially with regard to EP and ODP, whereas transportation of materials contributes most to POCP. The situation is similar for diesel engine remanufacturing. Production of materials brings about larger environmental impacts with regard to AP, EP, and ODP, whereas components remanufacturing and production of materials exhibit the same amount of GWP impact. Further, in remanufacturing, the reverse logistics of old diesel engines brings about lesser environmental impacts than the other life cycle stages, except with regard to POCP.
31 Dec 2014
TL;DR: The authors investigated the impact of product category, perceived risk, and brand name on consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for greener (recycled/remanufactured) products.
Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of product category, perceived risk, and brand name on consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for greener (recycled/remanufactured) products. Results provide an understanding on how consumers differentiate between types of products when stating their WTP. The findings suggest that WTP for greener versus branded greener or new products varies with product category. For paper, toner cartridges, and cell phones, brand effects are apparent. However, for cameras and printers brand does not appear to counterbalance perceived risk. As the importance of brand is a function of product category and is significantly related to WTP, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) should carefully consider this relationship for their products before making decisions on the use of brand as a part of remanufacturing/recycling strategy.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the remanufacturing problem of pricing single-class used products (cores) in the face of random price-dependent returns and random demand, and propose a dynamic pricing policy for the cores and then model the problem as a continuous time Markov decision process.
TL;DR: In this article, a survey has been conducted with 800 large European companies, of which half are in the manufacturing sector and half in the service sector, and the hypotheses within the survey are related to strategies for developing an environmental supply chain.
Abstract: This research illuminates the debate on whether there are differences between the manufacturing and service sectors in the matter of developing a sustainable environmental supply chain. Over the past 5 years a survey has been conducted with 800 large European companies, of which half are in the manufacturing sector and half in the service sector. The hypotheses within the survey are related to strategies for developing an environmental supply chain. They were derived from a literature review and were tested by means of a chi-square test. The survey questionnaire enabled the respondents to give some viewpoints about the hypotheses. In this way, strategies for developing the supply chain such as ISO 14001, the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), auditing, waste management systems, reverse logistics, environmental indicators, remanufacturing and reuse have been investigated. Results show interesting and unexpected differences between manufacturing and service sectors that can lead to further research, practical implications and even suggestions for the surveyed companies. For instance, the viewpoints of manufacturing and service industries differ over ISO 14001 and EMAS implementation in the supply chain. In addition, service industries approach the implementation of auditing, reverse logistics, reuse and remanufacturing in a way different from that of manufacturing. Other strategies are considered essential by both sectors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.