Showing papers on "Resource management published in 1993"

Mathematical Bioeconomics: The Optimal Management of Renewable Resources.

Abstract: Introduction. 1. Elementary Dynamics of Exploited Populations. 1.1 The Logistic Growth Model. 1.2 Generalized Logistic Models: Depensation. 1.3 Summary and Critique. 2. Economic Models of Renewable-Resource Harvesting. 2.1 The Open-Access Fishery. 2.2 Economic Overfishing. 2.3 Biological Overfishing. 2.4 Optimal Fishery Management. 2.5 The Optimal Harvest Policy. 2.6 Examples Based on the Schaefer Model. 2.7 Linear Variational Problems. 2.8 The Possibility of Extinction. 2.9 Summary and Critique. 3. Capital-Theoretic Aspects of Resource Management. 3.1 Interest and Discount Rates. 3.2 Capital Theory and Renewable Resources. 3.3 Nonautonomous Models. 3.4 Applications to Policy Problems: Labor Mobility in the Fishery. 4. Optimal Control Theory. 4.1 One-Dimensional Control Problems. 4.2 A Nonlinear Fishery Model. 4.3 Economic Interpretation of the Maximum Principle. 4.4 Multidimensional Optimal Control Problem. 4.5 Optimal Investment in Renewable-Resource Harvesting. 5. Supply and Demand: Nonlinear Models. 5.1 The Elementary Theory of Supply and Demand. 5.2 Supply and Demand in Fisheries. 5.3 Nonlinear Cost Effects: Pulse Fishing. 5.4 Game-Theoretic Models. 5.5 Transboundary Fishery Resources: A Further Application of the Theory. 5.6 Summary and Critique. 6. Dynamical Systems. 6.1 Basic Theory. 6.2 Dynamical Systems in the Plane: Linear Theory. 6.3 Isoclines. 6.4 Nonlinear Plane-Autonomous Systems. 6.5 Limit Cycles. 6.6 Gause's Model of Interspecific Competition. 7. Discrete-Time and Metered Models. 7.1 A General Metered Stock-Recruitment Model. 7.2 The Beverton-Holt Stock-Recruitment Model. 7.3 Depensation Models. 7.4 Overcompensation. 7.5 A Simple Cohort Model. 7.6 The Production Function of a Fishery. 7.7 Optimal Harvest Policies. 7.8 The Discrete Maximum Principle. 7.9 Dynamic Programming. 8. The Theory of Resource Regulation. 8.1 A Behavioral Model. 8.2 Optimization Analysis. 8.3 Limited Entry. 8.4 Taxes and Allocated Transferable Quotas. 8.5 Total Catch Quotas. 8.6 Summary and Critique. 9. Growth and Aging. 9.1 Forestry Management: The Faustmann Model. 9.2 The Beverton-Holt Fisheries Model. 9.3 Dynamic Optimization in the Beverton-Holt Model. 9.4 The Case of Bounded F. 9.5 Multiple, Cohorts: Nonselective Gear. 9.6 Pulse Fishing. 9.7 Multiple Cohorts: Selective Gear. 9.8 Regulation. 9.9 Summary and Critique. 10. Multispecies Models. 10.1 Differential Productivity. 10.2 Harvesting Competing Populations. 10.3 Selective Harvesting. 10.4 A Diffusion Model: The Inshore-Offshore Fishery. 10.5 Summary and Critique. 11. Stochastic Resource Models. 11.1 Stochastic Dynamic Programming. 11.2 A Stochastic Forest Rotation Model. 11.3 Uncertainty and Learning. 11.4 Searching for Fish. 11.5 Summary and Critique. Supplementary Reading. References. Index.

Coercing conservation?: The politics of state resource control

Abstract: International environmental agreements assume that nation-states have the capacity, Internal legitimacy, and the will to manage resources within their territorial boundaries. Although many state agencies or factions may be interested in joining international conservation interests to preserve threatened resources and habitats, some state interests appropriate the ideology, legitimacy, and technology of conservation as a means of increasing or appropriating their control over valuable resources and recalcitrant populations. While international conservation groups may have no direct agenda for using violence to protect biological resources, their support of states which either lack the capacity to manage resources or intend to control ‘national’ resources at any price, contributes to the disenfranchisement of indigenous people with resource claims. This paper compares two examples of state efforts to control valuable resources in Kenya and Indonesia. In both cases, the maintenance of state control has led to a militarization of the resource ‘conservation’ process. International conservation interests either directly or indirectly legitimate the states' use of force in resource management.

Cockpit resource management

Abstract: The Nature of CRM: R.L. Helmreich and H.C. Foushee, Why Cockpit Resource Management? Empirical and Theoretical Bases of Human Factors Training in Aviation. J.R. Hackman, Teams, Leaders, and Organizations: New Directions for Crew-oriented Flight Training. R.C. Ginnett, Crews as Groups: Their Formation and Their Leadership. B.G. Kanki and M.T. Palmer, Communication and Crew Resource Management. J.M. Orasanu, Decision-making in the Cockpit. S.E. Gregorich and J.A. Wilhelm, Crew Resource Management Training Assessment. E.L. Wiener, Crew Coordination and Training in the Advanced-Technology Cockpit. R.E. Butler, LOFT: Full-Mission Simulation as Crew Resource Management Training. Perspectives: R.A. Birnbach and T.M. Longridge, The Regulatory Perspective. P.J. Kayten, The Accident Investigator's Perspective. T.R. Chidester, Critical Issues for CRM Training and Research. C. Prince and E. Salas, Training and Research for Teamwork in the Military Aircrew. N. Johnston, CRM: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. H. Yamamori and T. Mito, Keeping CRM Is Keeping the Flight Safe. R.E. Byrnes and R. Black, Developing and Implementing CRM Programs: The Delta Experience. Conclusions: H.W. Orlady, Airline Pilot Training Today and Tomorrow. R.L. Helmreich, E.L. Wiener, and B.G. Kanki, The Future of Crew Resource Management in the Cockpit and Elsewhere. Notes on Contributors. Index.

Auction-based control system for energy resource management in a building

Abstract: An auction-based apparatus and method for supplying temperature conditioned air. Each room in an office building makes a bid based on a difference between an actual temperature of the room and a desired temperature of the room. Each room submits the respective bid to a centralized computer that consummates sales based on an auction price. The centralized computer controls the amount of temperature conditioned air supplied to each of the respective rooms based on the consummated sales.

The Role of Project Completion Information in Resource Allocation Decisions

Abstract: Prior studies have suggested that "sunk costs," the amount of money already invested in a project, influence resource allocation decisions but have often confounded sunk costs with the degree to which a project is completed. To address this issue, we varied information about both sunk costs and project completion in two experiments. Our results suggest that degree of project completion may dominate any sunk cost effects that are present in resource allocation decisions. An expanding literature from a variety of theoretical paradigms suggests that, contrary to normative models of decision making, consideration of sunk costs-the amount of a budget invested in a project-may enter into resource allocation decisions. In the reported study, we focused on situations in which a decision maker faces a choice between continued investment in a project or withdrawal with certain loss of some or all prior investments. According to traditional economic theory, a rational decision maker in the situation just described would consider only incremental costs and benefits. However, a growing body of research suggests that sunk costs may influence the decision to continue investment in an ongoing project. For example, Arkes and Blumer (1985) found that subjects faced with a decision to invest more funds in an ongoing research and development project were more willing to make the investment than those asked if they would invest the same amount of funds to start up the same R&D project. In a replication study using five levels of prior investment, Garland (1990) found a linear relationship between the amount of sunk costs and willingness to continue investment in the project. Faced with mounting evidence for the existence of irrational sunk cost effects on resource allocation decisions, we examined the studies in which such effects have been observed. Such an examination revealed that at least two variables are in need of closer scrutiny. First, a number of studies have used decision scenarios in which sunk costs have been confounded with the degree of project completion. Second, most studies have included negative information about project success as a constant condition.

Agricultural and environmental resource economics.

Abstract: 1. Agriculture Resource Economics: An Overview 2. Some Microeconomics of Agricultural Resource Use 3. The Economics of Nonrenewable Resources 4. Aggregate Evaluation Concepts and Models 5. Technological Innovation, Agricultural Productivity,and Environmental Quality 6. Agricultural Externalities 7. Pesticides and Pest Management 8. Economics of Water Use in Agriculture 9. Economics of Land Use in Agriculture 10. Agricultural Resource Policy 11. Emerging Resource Issues in World Agriculture

Forest Resource Policy

Abstract: Many of the issues and problems facing resource professionals today are related to public opinions about and demands for use of natural resources. Increasingly, resource professionals must have knowledge of policy as well as science. This new textbook provides a synthesis of policy analysis frameworks, civics, and forest resource programs to teach resource professionals about political processes and resource management. By discussing current programs and politics, the authors hope students will learn to anticipate and respond better to future issues. The book is also a standard reference for forest resource laws and programs.

Impact Assessment and Sustainable Resource Management

Abstract: 1.The need for redefinition 2.Impact assessment methods and methodology 3.Institutional arrangements for impact assessment 4.Public policy and interest representation 5.Planning and the role of impact assessment 6.Impact assessment redefined 7.Frontier developments 8.Linear facilities 9.Waste management 10.Implications for sustainable resource management Conclusions References

Application of the theory of reasoned action to the National Park Service's controlled burn policy.

Abstract: The theory of reasoned action was examined as a model of attitude and behavior change based on public perceptions of the National Park Service's controlled burn policy. Also, effects of belief-targ...

Symposium on Management of Local Commons

Abstract: In the public image of industrially advanced countries, the commons problem relates to global warming, acid rain, depletion of the ozone layer and the like. In the developing countries, the daily livelihood of the poor depends more substantially and directly on the local commons: irrigation, forestry, grazing, in-shore fisheries and so on. These (restricted-access) common property resources usually involve small local communities, which opens the possibility for local-level community organizations to manage resources and resolve conflicts, as an alternative to the polar opposites of private and state control which usually hog the limelight in public policy discussion. In fact, many developing countries have a long history of balanced resource management under highly informal local community institutions. In these countries, the erosion of the local commons set in only with major demographic and institutional changes in recent years, often accelerated by private commercialization or bureaucratic appropriation of the traditional historical rights of local communities over these resources.

Resource Allocation as an Outcropping of Strategic Consistency: Performance Implications

Abstract: Similarities in financial resource allocations across the lines of business of diversified firms may indicate corporate strategic consistency, which may lead to superior corporate performance. In s...

A model for R&D project selection with combined benefit, outcome and resource interactions

Abstract: Capital budgeting of R&D projects is complicated by several types of interactions. Three types of interactions are generally recognized to occur within a set of projects: benefit interactions, resource interactions, and outcome interactions. The author presents a model that accounts for the combined effect of benefit, outcome, and resource interactions within a single set of projects. The model also allows for the allocation of several different resources. A branch and bound algorithm is presented to solve the resulting nonlinear integer program with multiple quadratic constraints. >

Human Resource Management: Key Concepts and Skills

Abstract: Introduction Competitive Strategy and Human Resource Management Organizational Culture and Change The Selection Decision Appraising Employees Reward and Compensation Systems Career Management and Development Employee-Management Communications Employee Participation, Small Group Activities and Team Working Squaring the Circle? Appendix Teaching Material

Establishing management standards: Selected examples of the normative approach

Abstract: The importance of developing evaluative standards for judging the acceptability of impacts caused by recreation is common to all recent natural resource management frameworks. A normative model has been advanced as a useful way to conceptualize, collect, and organize empirical data representing standards for resource management issues. This article summarizes the findings from social and ecological research to illustrate the utility of the normative approach from a manager's perspective. The social data (e.g., encounter norms, proximity norms, and tolerances for launch wait times) were obtained from 13 different study sites, while the ecological data (e.g., tolerances for the amount of bare ground, size of fire rings, instream flows, and wildlife management practices) were collected at three specific sites and from one statewide survey, Findings from the social research indicated that encounter norms exist for particular types of contacts with certain types of visitors at particular places and for certain types of experiences. The recreationists reported norms for acceptable distances between individuals, encounters with others at campsites or attractions, and waiting times to run rapids. These social norm evaluation techniques were also shown to be transferable to normative evaluations of ecological impacts. The users had opinions about ecological impacts and were willing to express them. In addition, the ecological norms were of moderate to high intensity. It is argued that the usefulness of normative approaches lies in their ability to characterize group agreement about appropriate use conditions or impact levels for a particular recreation experience, thus providing the evaluative information needed to establish management standards.

Learning to Enhance Salmon Production: Lessons from the Salmonid Enhancement Program

Abstract: We evaluate the Salmonid Enhancement Program (SEP) to determine its effectiveness at producing adult fish in the catch and its ability to learn from experience. The original goal of SEP was to prod...

Wildlife and fisheries.

Abstract: LAW ENFORCEMENT CONSERVATION Resource/range management Wildlife/fisheries biology Education/interpretation State/Federal wildlife agencies Wildlife refuges Federal land management agencies Environmental Protection Agency National and international environmental/ conservation agencies Zoos, aquariums and other collections of animals Universities and colleges Non-governmental organizations, e.g. Trout Unlimited, Wild Turkey Foundation Practice excellent communication skills. Develop physical stamina, outdoor skills and comfort being in close proximity with large and small animals. Advanced degrees are often required in these positions, especially for research and teaching. Gain extensive laboratory and research experience. Supplement curriculum with additional science courses in relevant areas (e.g. genetics, animal behavior, microbiology) Become familiar with federal job application procedure for government work. Gain work experience in area of interest through internships, summer jobs, or part-time work

The Management of High Seas Fisheries

Abstract: A new and acute management problem, now the focus of a major U.N. conference, has arisen in recent years in international fisheries. The problem concerns the management of transboundary fishery resources, in the form of resources to be found in both the coastal state EEZ and the adjacent high seas. The resources are commonly referred to as "straddling" stocks. This article provides a preliminary exploration of the management issue. It reviews the historical and legal background and asks how far the now well developed economic analysis of the management of transboundary fishery resources in the form of resources "shared" by two or more coastal states will take us in examining this second and more recent transboundary fishery management problem. The answer is a very limited distance only. The article concludes by pointing to questions arising from this resource management issue demanding further research.

Controlling Common Property: Regulating Canada's East Coast Fishery

Abstract: Ralph Matthew's main argument is that the much-heralded 'tragedy of the commons' thesis is premised on faulty assumptions. Nevertheless, it became the operative paradigm for fisheries economists and consequently the policy-makers at the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO). The main faulty assumption is the belief that fishers will not manage ocean resources on their own. Matthews points out, correctly, that the self-regulating practices of fisheries are done at the community level. It is not individual fishermen who limit their

Integrated Resource Planning

Abstract: This article presents the essential features of an integrated resource planning (IRP) process designed to provide energy for societal and industrial needs at least cost. Use of renewable energy sources and energy conservation measures, as well as consideration of social costs, are described. Available data of social costs, are described. Available data of social costs and estimates for energy cost of conservation measures and renewable energy systems are included.

Agricultural and Resource Economics

Abstract: A growing concern for environmental quality and resource scarcity has led to numerous policy debates regarding resource utilization around the world. This is especially true when it comes to agriculture. This textbook brings together economic theory and resource-specific problems of agriculture, and includes aggregate- and micro-level models and examples for most resource and environmental issues. Although the book's emphasis is on cropland agriculture, there are also examples from livestock, poultry, grazing, fisheries, orchards, and forestry. Students and professionals in resource economics, management, and policy as well as economists and planners in government agencies will benefit from the valuable lessons presented here.

Financial management: Development of scales

Abstract: This study is a contribution to the development of family resource management scales, specifically financial management scales. Principal axis factor analysis, with varimax rotation, is used to assess underlying relationships in 23 family resource management variables related to time and money resources. Reliability and content, construct, and criterion-related validity of the scales are assessed. Two scales that are reliable and have some degree of validity are developed: frequency of financial problems and frequency of financial management. The scales could be used in future research, teaching, or counseling to organize financial management concepts.

HeiRAT: The Heidelberg Resource Administration Technique Design Philosophy and Goals

Abstract: HeiRAT, the Heidelberg Resource Administration Technique, is a resource management subsystem being developed and implemented as part of a distributed multimedia platform for networked workstations.