Showing papers on "Sesbania rostrata published in 2003"
TL;DR: Pharmacological experiments showed that ethylene and reactive oxygen species mediate Nod factor responses and are required for nodule initiation, whereby induction of division and infection could not be uncoupled.
Abstract: Lateral root base nodulation on the tropical, semiaquatic legume Sesbania rostrata results from two coordinated, Nod factor-dependent processes: formation of intercellular infection pockets and induction of cell division. Infection pocket formation is associated with cell death and production of hydrogen peroxide. Pharmacological experiments showed that ethylene and reactive oxygen species mediate Nod factor responses and are required for nodule initiation, whereby induction of division and infection could not be uncoupled. Application of purified Nod factors triggered cell division, and both Nod factors and ethylene induced cavities and cell death features in the root cortex. Thus, in S. rostrata, ethylene and reactive oxygen species act downstream from the Nod factors in pathways that lead to formation of infection pockets and initiation of nodule primordia.
185 citations
TL;DR: It was revealed that domestic refuse alone and the combination of domestic refuse and artificial fertilizer significantly improved the survival rates and growth of V. zizanioides and two Sesbania species, especially the combination, however, artificial fertilizer alone did not improve both the survival rate and growth performance of the plants grown on tailings.
168 citations
TL;DR: A field experiment was conducted on rice ( Oryza sativa L.) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) during rainy and winter seasons of 1994-95 in a clay loam soil (Typic Ustochrept) at the experimental farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India as discussed by the authors.
164 citations
TL;DR: Tolerance to NaCl was clearly different between the two plants and the results strongly suggest that the salt tolerance of S. rostrata is associated with the ability of the plant to translocate and sequester Na+ and Cl– in the shoot cells.
Abstract: Sesbania rostrata (S. rostrata) Brem. & Oberm., a member of the Fabaceae family, has been used as a promising halophytic plant to ameliorate soil salinity in north-east Thailand. To obtain information regarding the mechanism of salt tolerance, the physiological responses of S. rostrata to NaCl was compared with those of the salt-susceptible species, kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Meal). Seedlings were grown hydroponically with 0, 50, 100 and 150 mm NaCl for 10 days and their effects on growth, chlorophyll content, fluorescence yield (Fv/Fm), inorganic elements and amino acid content were determined. The results showed that tolerance to NaCl was clearly different between the two plants. At the highest concentration (150 mm), the dry weight of S. rostrata was more than 50% greater than the control, whereas the kidney bean could not survive. Chlorophyll a content drastically reduced only in the kidney bean. The Fv/Fm of S. rostrata did not change with increasing concentrations of NaCl, but that of kidney bean decreased. Greater percentages (≥80%) of absorbed Na+ and Cl– were translocated and accumulated in the shoots of S. rostrata, but remained largely in the roots of kidney bean. The enhancement of contents of amino acids, including proline, with increasing NaCl was observed in both species. These results strongly suggest that the salt tolerance of S. rostrata is associated with the ability of the plant to translocate and sequester Na+ and Cl– in the shoot cells.
43 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of transgenic Lotus japonicus plants with the chimeric gene containing the alfalfa cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) indicates that overexpression of GS1 in reproductive organs critically affects their development and might be a reason for sterility of L. japonicas plants.
Abstract: Legumes can obtain nitrogen from symbiotic nitrogen fixation in root nodules. The glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase cycle is responsible for the initial nitrogen assimilation. This work reports the analysis of transgenic Lotus japonicus plants with the chimeric gene containing the alfalfa cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) (EC 6.3.1.2) gene controlled by the Sesbania rostrata leghemoglobin gene promoter (Srglb3p). Surprisingly, all of the transgenic primary transformants analysed were sterile. Two transformants designated GS39 and GS44 were further analysed. GS in nodules of GS39 and GS44 plants was upregulated, at the level of transcript and protein. The transgenic plants had 2-fold higher nodule GS activity and similar root GS activity compared to control plants. The GS39 and GS44 sterile plants showed morphological alterations in pollen grains and in ovules. An increase in GS transcript abundance and enzyme activity was measured during early and late stages of flower development of GS plants. Flowers of GS plants showed higher glutamine content, resulting in an increased glutamine/glutamate ratio. The GS transcript and protein were detected in ovules. These data indicate that overexpression of GS1 in reproductive organs critically affects their development and might be a reason for sterility of L. japonicus plants.
34 citations
TL;DR: In order to study the function of nodulin genes and the activity of their promoters, the Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation strategy was adopted for Sesbania rostrata to generate transgenic roots that can be nodulated efficiently after application of Azorhizobium caulinodans.
32 citations
TL;DR: The delayed response to flooding in aerenchyma production in S. rostrata was compensated by immediate development of adventitious roots on submerged parts of the hypocotyl, as well as the number of layers of cells originating in the pericycle increased slightly.
Abstract: The effect of up to 48 h of flooding on the development of roots of Sesbania cannabina an0d S. rostrata seedlings was examined in a pot experiment. Light microscopy revealed that the outermost cells of the phellogen of the taproot of S. cannabina expanded and elongated during the first 12 h of flooding. After 18 h, the outermost of these regions was composed of cells that had expanded radially direction to form a spongy zone inside the endodermis. These elongated cells were radially connected to each other and formed the secondary aerenchyma surrounding the stele of taproot. While those histological alterations were not observed in S. rostrata, the number of layers of cells originating in the pericycle increased slightly, but elongation of the cells was not found during the first 18 h of flooding. After 36 h of flooding, cell elongation was also detected as outer layers of the phellogen. The delayed response to flooding in aerenchyma production in S. rostrata was compensated by immediate development of adventitious roots on submerged parts of the hypocotyl.
29 citations
TL;DR: In situ expression patterns resembled those previously described for functions that may be implicated in delimiting infected nodule tissues from the rest of the plant, suggesting SrPI1 may be a component of a multi-layered barrier that restrains the invading rhizobia.
Abstract: A novel marker for the early stages of nodulation of Sesbania rostrata was found to encode a putative member of the Kunitz family of protease inhibitors (SrPI1). Its expression was enhanced during nodulation, and was not up-regulated by wounding or upon infection with wide host-range pathogens. In situ expression patterns resembled those previously described for functions that may be implicated in delimiting infected nodule tissues from the rest of the plant. Thus, SrPI1 may be a component of a multi-layered barrier that restrains the invading rhizobia.
24 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates from S. rostrata and strains from A. precatorius, were the members of the genus Sinorhizobium, which is proposed to be a new genus of root nodulating bacteria based on its phenotypic characteristics and cellular fatty acid compositions.
Abstract: Strains of root nodulating bacteria isolated from the leguminous plants Sesbania rostrata and Abrus precatorius growing in the sub Himalayan tract in the western Uttar Pradesh, a tropical region of India, were compared with the reference strains of Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium, Azorhizobium and Agrobacterium. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates from S. rostrata and strains from A. precatorius, were the members of the genus Sinorhizobium. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of representative strain Ra-3 (from S. rostrata) and HA-1 (from A. precatorius) showed low values in species level, namely those of 97.1% to Sinorhizobium arboris and 96.1% to S. fredii and S. xinjiangense, respectively. Similarity values of both strains and other Sinorhizobium spp. were mostly lower than those of the above species. On the basis of the results, with the data of phenotypic characteristics, cellular fatty acid compositions (major, 18:1 acid), ubiquinone system (major, Q-10) and DNA-DNA relatedness, we propose the name Sinorhizobium indiaense for strains from S. rostrata and S. abri for strains from A. precatorius.
22 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the growth, Nfixation and heavy metal accumulation of Sesbania rostrata transplanted on acidified Pb/Zn tailings in Lechang, Guangdo ng Province.
Abstract: Growth, N-fixation and heavy metal accumulation of Sesbania rostrata transplanted on acidified Pb/Zn tailings in Lechang, Guangdo ng Province, were investigated. Experiments were carried out by transplanting seed lings prepared with nutrition polybags of 9.5 cm in diameter and 10 cm heig ht co ntaining 1 kg soil (A), of 7.5 cm indiameter and 8 cm height containing 0.5 kg soil (B) and without polybag (C). The results showed that Sesbania rostrata succeeded to establish, g row and fix N on the tailings of pH 5-7, but failed to grow at pH3. After tr an splanting on tailings for 84 days, the plant height (140-144 cm), basal diam ete r of stem (1.59-1.68 cm), individual biomass (36.6-38.8 g DW), dry matter prod uction (5 124-5 432 kg hm-2) and nitrogen accumulation (77-107 kg hm-2) i n tre atments A and B were significantly higher than those in treatment C which were 1 17 cm, 1.35 cm, 20.2 g, 2 828 kg hm-2, and 40 kg hm-2, respectively. The content s of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd were highest in the roots followed by stems and l eaves, a nd the amounts of the 4 heavy metals in whole plant were in the order Z n (186-2 21 mg kg-1) Pb (96-145 mg kg-1) Cu (17-30 mg kg-1) Cd (3-4 mg kg-1). Tr ansplanting seedlings with nutrition polybag could improve the growth and N-fixa tion, and markedly decrease heavy metals accumulation in S. ros trata. It is suggested that S. rostrata is a good pioneer specie s for bioreme diation of the tailings.
1 citations
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: The results showed that the growth and nodulation of the symbiosis were greatly influenced by water supply, and S. rostrata-A.
Abstract: In order to evaluate the growth, nodulation and N-fixation of Sesbania rostrata-Azorhizobiwn caulin-odans symbiosis on different water and N fertilizer conditions, a greenhouse experiment in Guangzhou was conducted in Summer. Pots were filled with 1 kg homogenized, dried loam red soil. NH^NC^ was applied to obtain concentrations of 10, 20, 40 mg N·kg-1 in the soil. According to water supply to the experimental soil, the pots were divided into three groups as below: W1 - no waterlogging, W2 - shallowly waterlogged ( soil water in field capacity) and W3, - flooded. The results showed that the growth and nodulation of the symbiosis were greatly influenced by water supply. Though flooding depressed root nodulation, it, however, stimulated stem nodulation and roots growth. S. rostrata grew and nodulated best, and got the maximum N accumulation under the condition of field water capacity. The effect of mineral N on the symbiosis was affected by water supply. In the range of the applied N concentrations in the experiment, both nodulation and N accumulation showed no negative reaction to mineral N, such a result implied that S. rostrata-A. caulinodans symbiosis was quite different to ordinary leguminous root nodule N-fixation symbiosis in the aspect of mineral N reaction.
TL;DR: Attempts were made to isolate PM H+-ATPase genes encoding such Pi-deficiency-responsible isoforms from Sesbania rostrata to suggest that the expression of SrHA4 as well as that of high-affinity Pi-transporters and PEPC genes responded to the decrease in the Pi content in plants.
Abstract: For a long time, it had been suggested that the activation of plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase in roots was enhanced by Pi-deficiency. However, gene(s) encoding an isoform that is expressed in response to Pi-deficiency had not been isolated. In this study, attempts were made to isolate PM H+-ATPase genes encoding such Pi-deficiency-responsible isoforms from Sesbania rostrata. We cloned three full-length (SrHA1, SrHA4, SrHA5) and three partial (SrHA2, SrHA3, SrHA6) cDNAs encoding PM H+-ATPases from the roots of Pi-deficient S. rostrata. The transcript levels of SrHA4 were high in roots. Unexpectedly, the transcript levels of SrHA4 decreased under Pi-deficient conditions where plants were provided with less than 30–50 µM Pi, or where plants formed many nodules on the stems. Under such conditions, high-affinity Pi-transporters and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) genes were highly expressed. The decrease in the transcript levels of SrHA4 corresponded to the increase in the transcript levels of h...
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Though the smaller seeds had faster seedling emergence, the relative growth rate and rate of increase in seedling height was higher for larger and heavier seeds, and the larger seeds also showed faster leaf emergence, i.e. lower phyllochron.
Abstract: Twenty six genotypes of Sesbania aculeata and Sesbania rostrata were examined for variability in seed characters and seedling growth under field conditions. Though the smaller seeds had faster seedling emergence, the relative growth rate and rate of increase in seedling height was higher for larger and heavier seeds. The larger seeds also showed faster leaf emergence, i.e. lower phyllochron. In contrast to the field germination, all the Sesbania rostrata genotypes failed to imbibe moisture at room temperature indicating physical dormancy due to seed coat impermeability. These seed attributes can be useful in maintaining uniform crop stand (by selection of genotypes and seed treatment) for achieving faster biomass production in Sesbania species for green manuring in rice-wheat cropping system.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Inoculation studies with selected NR - mutants on Sesbania bispinosa and SesBania rostrata showed that some of the mutants enhanced nodule mass, nitrogenase activity and plant dry wt than the parent strain at 30 d of plant growth.
Abstract: Nitrate reductase-deficient mutants of Azorhizobium caulinodans strains Sb3, S78, SrR38, SrS8 and SrS35 were derived by plating the cultures on yeast extract-mannitol agar supplemented with 160 mM potassium chlorate. Screening of these mutants for nitrate reductase activity revealed that the frequency of obtaining nitrate reductase negative (NR-) mutants varied between 13 - 92% for different strains of Azorhizobium caulinodans. Inoculation studies with selected NR - mutants on Sesbania bispinosa and Sesbania rostrata showed that some of the mutants enhanced nodule mass, nitrogenase activity and plant dry wt than the parent strain at 30 d of plant growth. Three NR- mutants Sb3 NR29, S78 NR16 and SrS35 NR12 showed significant increase in plant dry wt of S. bispinosa at 50 d of plant growth.
TL;DR: This is the first report that shows whole distribution of N2-fix zone in S. rostrata stem nodule, infected with symbiotic rhizobium and Nitrogen fixation with ORS571.
Abstract: A three-dimensional (3-D) analysis technique was developed to visualize the whole nodule and Nitrogen fixation (N2-fix) zone in a stem nodule from Sesbania rostrata infected with symbiotic rhizobium, Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571. The reconstructed N2-fix zone of the stem nodule was analyzed by arranging the ratio of opacity, by cutting at vertical and level direction, and by extraction in a personal computer. The N2-fix zone was a ring shape, surrounding the vascular bundle. This is the first report that shows whole distribution of N2-fix zone in S. rostrata stem nodule.