Showing papers on "Surface condenser published in 2009"

High Pressure Direct Contact Oxy-Fired Steam Generator

Abstract: A method and apparatus for direct contact steam generation for a variety of industrial processes including heavy oil recovery, power generation and pulp and paper applications. The steam generation system consists of a combustor ( 10 ) and a steam generator ( 70 ) and is constructed to be operable at elevated pressures. The fuel, at least one oxidant and a fluid supply including water are supplied at pressure to the combustor. Flue gas from the combustor ( 10 ) is delivered to the direct contact steam generator ( 70 ) at pressure, and upon direct contact with water, produces a flue gas stream consisting primarily of steam. This product stream can then be cleansed and used for industrial applications. The combustor (10) can be operated with low grade fuel and low quality water with high solids and hydrocarbon contents. The apparatus and method reduce the environmental footprint by reducing air emission, concentrating CO 2 to enable capture and reducing clean water requirements. The removal of solids from the combustor ( 10 ) at its second end ( 62 ) as well as at the second end of the steam generator ( 70 ) as at ( 78 ), the use of water injection-type steam quality control and a steam feedback inlet ( 46 ) to the combustor ( 10 ) from the steam generator ( 70 ) enhance the efficiency of the apparatus.

Water reclamation system and method

Abstract: A system reclaiming contaminated water includes a heat exchanger that receives the contaminated water and converts at least a portion of the contaminated water into steam and collects at least a portion of the contaminants within the heat exchanger. A thermal transfer fluid is heated by a solar concentrator during daytime and by a biofuel combustion device during nighttime. The heated fluid is circulated through the heat exchanger to heat the contaminated water. A steam engine is coupled to a generator, the steam engine receives the steam from the heat exchanger to drive the generator to provide power for the system. Steam exhausted from the steam engine is supplied to supplemental heat loads. The collected contaminants are directed to an evaporation device to remove residual liquid.

Carbon dioxide recovery system and method

Abstract: Provided are high-pressure, medium-pressure, and low--pressure turbines; a boiler (15) to generate steam for driving the turbines; a carbon dioxide recovery unit including an absorber (18) that reduces carbon dioxide in combustion flue gas from the boiler (15) by means of a carbon dioxide absorbent and a regenerator that regenerates an absorbent; a first auxiliary turbine (22L) that extracts steam from an inlet of the low-pressure turbine and recovers power by means of the steam thus extracted; a first steam delivery line to supply discharged steam from the first auxiliary turbine (22L) to a reboiler (24) of the regenerator as a heat source; and a controller that controls driving of the first auxiliary turbine (22L) while keeping pressure of the discharged steam to be supplied to the reboiler (24) within a tolerance range for the reboiler (24) 's optimum pressure corresponding to a fluctuation in an operation load of the boiler (15).

Heat recovery equipment

Abstract: Heat recovery equipment recovers heat from flue gas. The heat recovery equipment includes a power generation plant that drives a steam turbine by superheated steam produced in a boiler, and an exhaust-gas treatment line that treats flue gas output from the boiler. The exhaust-gas treatment line includes a first air preheater, a heat extractor unit, and a dry electrostatic precipitator. The power generation plant includes a condensed water line. The condensed water line includes a condenser, a condensed water heater, and a low-pressure feedwater heater. The condensed water heater heats water condensed by the condenser with the heat recovered by the heat extractor unit.

Solar thermal power plant

Abstract: A solar thermal power plant 10 includes a steam generation portion 12 and a turbine 30. The steam generation portion 12 includes a steam drum 50 that separates water and steam, and an evaporator 36 and super heater 38 in fluid communication with the steam drum. The evaporator 36 receives and heats a portion of a flow of water from the steam drum 50 to provide the steam using solar energy provided thereto. The super heater 38 heats the steam from the evaporator 36 to provide super heated steam. A turbine 30 receives the super heated steam from the steam generation portion 12 to rotate the turbine. A plurality of extraction stages 66 extracts steam from the turbine 30 and provides the steam to a plurality of feedwater heaters 68. The feedwater heaters 68 heat the feedwater provided by the turbine 30, wherein the heated feedwater is provided to the steam generation portion 12.

Oxyfuel combusting boiler system and a method of generating power by using the boiler system

Abstract: Carbonaceous fuel is combusted with an oxidant gas in a furnace of a boiler system to generate power. Oxidant gas is fed into the furnace for combusting the fuel to produce exhaust gas, the exhaust gas is discharged from the furnace via an exhaust gas channel, a stream of feedwater is conveyed from a final economizer arranged in the exhaust gas channel to evaporating and superheating heat exchange surfaces arranged in the furnace and in the exhaust gas channel for converting the feedwater to superheated steam, the superheated steam is converted in a high-pressure steam turbine for generating power, a first portion of steam is extracted from the high-pressure steam turbine for preheating the feedwater, a second portion of steam is conveyed from the high-pressure steam turbine to reheating heat exchange surfaces arranged in the exhaust gas channel for generating reheated steam, and the reheated steam is expanded in an intermediate pressure steam turbine for generating power. The oxidant gas can be a mixture of substantially pure oxygen and recycled exhaust gas, and the ratio of the first and second portions of steam can be controlled to obtain a desired flue gas temperature in the exhaust gas channel downstream of the final economizer.

Condenser block structures with cavities facilitating vapor condensation cooling of coolant

Abstract: Condenser structures and cooling apparatuses are provided which facilitate vapor condensation heat transfer of a coolant employed in cooling an electronic device. The condenser structure includes a thermally conductive condenser block with multiple exposed cavities therein extending from a first main surface towards a second main surface. The condenser block is a monolithic structure, and the first main surface is a coolant vapor condensate formation surface when the condenser structure is operationally facilitating cooling of an electronic device. The exposed cavities extend from the first main surface into the condenser block to increase a condensation surface area of the condenser block, thereby facilitating coolant vapor condensate formation on the condenser block, and thus cooling of the electronic device using a two-phase coolant. The condenser structure also includes coolant-carrying channels for facilitating cooling of the condenser block, and thus vapor condensate formation on the condenser block.

Carbon-dioxide-capture-type steam power generation system

Abstract: A carbon-dioxide-capture-type steam power generation system 1 according to the present invention comprises a boiler 6 producing an exhaust gas 5 by combusting a fuel 2 and having a flue 8; an absorbing unit 40 being configured to absorb the carbon-dioxide contained in the exhaust gas 5 into an absorbing solution; and a regenerating unit 44 being configured to release the carbon dioxide gas from the absorbing solution absorbing the carbon dioxide and discharge the released carbon dioxide gas. Further, in this system, a reboiler 49 is provided for receiving a heating-medium as heat source, producing a steam 43 and supplying the produced steam 43 to the regenerating unit 44. Additionally, in the flue 8 of the boiler 6, a boiler-side heat exchanger 61 is provided for heating the heating-medium by the exhaust gas 5 passing therethrough.

High efficiency multicycle internal combustion engine with waste heat recovery

Abstract: A high efficiency combined cycle internal combustion and steam engine includes a cylinder and a piston with an internal combustion chamber outward of the piston, a fixed cylinder cap and a steam expansion chamber inside the piston. The cylinder cap can be heated to reduce condensation of steam entering from a steam generator fired by waste combustion heat. Following exhaust, residual steam can be recompressed prior to admitting the next charge of steam. A wrist pin connected to an inner end of the piston skirt inwardly of the cylinder cap is coupled to a connecting rod secured to a crankshaft. One valve or a pair of steam inlet valves are connected to communicate in series within the cylinder cap inside the piston. The steam mass admitted is regulated to reduce fuel consumption. Coolant can be superheated in the combustion exhaust manifold.

Passive cooling and depressurization system and pressurized water nuclear power plant

Abstract: A passive cooling and depressurization system for a pressurized water nuclear plant is provided with a cooling water pool, a steam supply piping, a heat exchanger, a steam supply valve, a coolant return pipe and an outlet valve. The steam supply piping extends from the gas phase of the pressurizer. The heat exchanger exchanges heat between water stored in the cooling water pool and steam flowing through the steam supply piping. The steam supply valve is equipped on the steam supply piping. The coolant return pipe extends from the heat exchanger to a liquid phase of the reactor pressure boundary. The outlet valve is equipped on the coolant return pipe.

Generating power from medium temperature heat sources

Abstract: A method, and associated apparatus, for generating power from medium temperature heat sources in the range of 200 ° to 700 °C with improved efficiency compared to systems operating on a Rankine cycle in which the working fluid is condensed at the same temperature. Water is heated in a boiler (11) with heat from the heat source A, (22) which may be a stream of exhaust gases (22), in order to generate wet steam having a dryness fraction in the range of 0.10 to 0.90 (10 % to 90 % dry). The wet steam is expanded to generate power in a positive displacement steam expander (21) such as a twin screw expander. The expanded steam is condensed at a temperature in the range of 70 °C to 120 °C, and the condensed steam is returned to the boiler. The expanded steam may be condensed in the boiler of an Organic Rankine Cycle (22) to provide additional power, or by heat exchange with a heater of a heating system to provide a Combined Heat and cycle, thereby further improving the cycle efficiency.

Method of starting a steam turbine

Abstract: The present invention has the technical effect of reducing the start-up time associated with starting a steam turbine. Embodiments of the present invention provide a new methodology for reducing the steam-to-metal temperature mismatch present during the start-up of a steam turbine. Essentially, embodiments of the invention may raise the pressure of the steam upstream of an admission valve associated with a High Pressure (HP) section of a steam turbine. The initial high pressure of the steam may reduce the enthalpy of steam, reducing temperature of the steam admitted to the HP section.

Steam Cracking and Steam Reforming of Waste Cooking Oil in a Tubular Stainless Steel Reactor with Wall Effects

Abstract: Energy production from renewable feedstocks that would simultaneously solve ecological problems related to waste disposals would be very attractive. The present work is aimed at showing that atmospheric pressure thermal cracking of waste cooking oil in the presence of steam would be a potential option, particularly when the operating conditions direct the process either toward steam cracking or toward steam reforming in order to produce specific target bioenergy vectors: hydrogen, synthesis gas, or gaseous fuel. A commercial crude waste cooking oil (VEG) was selected as feed material. Using a bench-scale continuous flow tubular stainless steel reactor, experiments were conducted to study the final product distribution as a function of temperature, residence time of the feed material, extent of dilution, addition of a cracking initiator, and addition of a surface catalytic effect inhibitor. Several operating conditions of the VEG thermal cracking in the presence of steam were identified to meet the above-m...

High efficiency dual cycle internal combustion engine with steam power recovered from waste heat

Abstract: A high efficiency combined cycle internal combustion and steam engine includes a cylinder with a combustion chamber outward of a piston, a cylinder cap slideably mounted within the piston and a steam expansion chamber inside the piston. The cap can be heated to reduce condensation of steam. Steam remaining when a steam exhaust valve closes can be recompressed prior to admitting the next charge of steam. One valve or a pair of steam inlet valves connected in series act in cooperation to help maximize efficiency. The amount of steam admitted each stroke is regulated by shifting the phase of one steam admission valve of a pair to vary their overlap for determining the steam mass admitted each cycle. Other valves balance steam displacement with the steam generator output to use steam more efficiently.

Method for operating a waste heat steam generator

Abstract: A method for operating a waste heat steam generator including an evaporator, an economizer having a number of economizer heating surfaces, and a bypass line connected on the flow medium side in parallel with a number of economizer heating surfaces is provided. The method makes possible higher operational safety and reliability in the control of the waste heat steam generator. For this purpose, a parameter that is characteristic of the thermal energy fed to the waste heat steam generator is used to control or regulate the flow rate of the by-pass line.

Low energy process for the production of ammonia or methanol

Abstract: A process for utilizing synthesis gas heat for the generation of supercritical steam in a low energy ammonia or methanol plant is disclosed. The process involves a reforming or partial oxidation stage, at least one supercritical steam generator having a shell side and a tube side, at least one superheater, at least one back pressure turbine, at least one extraction and condensing turbine, and at least one boiler feedwater pump. The synthesized synthesis gas is sent to the shell side of the supercritical steam generator, and the supercritical steam generator is fed with pressurized feedwater. The feedwater flow is adjusted to maintain the steam temperature at the exit of the supercritical steam generator in the range of 375-500° C. The supercritical steam is generated in the supercritical steam generator at a pressure of 225-450 bar, the supercritical steam is further heated in a superheater to a temperature of 500-750° C., and the supercritical steam generated in the superheater is fed to a back pressure turbine.

Investigation of wet steam flow in a 300 MW direct air-cooling steam turbine. Part 1: Measurement principles, probe, and wetness

Abstract: The direct air-cooling steam turbines have been operated more and more in the north of China. The backpressure of a turbine is affected easily with weather and varies very often in a short time. The variation of backpressure in a larger range from about 10 to 60 kPa causes many problems in design and operation of the turbine. To study the properties of the wet steam flow in the low pressure direct air-cooling steam turbine, an optical—pneumatic probe was developed based on the multi-wavelength light extinction and four-hole wedge probe. Measurements with this probe in a 300 MW direct air-cooling turbine were carried out. The measured local wetness, total wetness of exhaust steam, size distribution of fine droplets, and their profiles along the blade height are presented. The measured cylinder efficiency and total wetness agree well with the results obtained by the thermal performance tests.

Condenser dryer having a heat pump, and method for operating the same

Abstract: A condenser dryer includes a drying chamber for items to be dried; a process-air circuit including a fan; and a heat pump in which a refrigerant circulates. The heat pump has an evaporator and a condenser, with the evaporator or the condenser or both being a heat exchanger having level surfaces and including at least one endlessly folded, flattened tube to form a plurality of rows of meander stacks in laterally offset relationship.

Numerical simulation of heat transfer performance of an air-cooled steam condenser in a thermal power plant

Abstract: Numerical simulation of the thermal-flow characteristics and heat transfer performance is made of an air-cooled steam condenser (ACSC) in a thermal power plant by considering the effects of ambient wind speed and direction, air-cooled platform height, location of the main factory building and terrain condition. A simplified physical model of the ACSC combined with the measured data as input parameters is used in the simulation. The wind speed effects on the heat transfer performance and the corresponding steam turbine back pressure for different heights of the air-cooled platform are obtained. It is found that the turbine back pressure (absolute pressure) increases with the increase of wind speed and the decrease of platform height. This is because wind can not only reduce the flowrate in the axial fans, especially at the periphery of the air-cooled platform, due to cross-flow effects, but also cause an air temperature increase at the fan inlet due to hot air recirculation, resulting in the deterioration of the heat transfer performance. The hot air recirculation is found to be the dominant factor because the main factory building is situated on the windward side of the ACSC.

Low grade heat recovery system for turbine air inlet

Abstract: A heating and cooling system (100) for inlet air of a gas turbine engine (10) in a combined cycle power plant (80) having a steam turbine (90). The heating and cooling system (100) may include a fluid coil (110) positioned about the gas turbine engine (10), a heat exchanger (170) in communication with the fluid coil (110), and a condenser (180) in communication with the steam turbine (90) and the heat exchanger (170) such that waste heat from the steam turbine (90) is forwarded to the fluid coil (110).

Method and device for operating a smelting reduction process

Abstract: In a method and a device for operating a smelting reduction process, at least part of an export gas from a blast furnace or a reduction unit is thermally utilized in a gas turbine and the exhaust gas of this gas turbine is used in a waste heat steam generator to generate steam. The remaining part of the export gas is fed to a CO2 separation apparatus, the tail gas thereby obtained being fed to a waste heat steam generator and burned for additional steam generation. The combustible components of the tail gas are sent for thermal utilization in a steam generator, so that the overall energy balance of the thermal use of the export gas is improved. In addition, a further part of the export gas is qualitatively improved by the CO2 separation apparatus, so as to generate a high-quality reduction gas which can be supplied for metallurgical use.

Waste treatment autoclave to provide for steam-assisted drying

Abstract: An autoclave system provides a means of sterilizing municipal solid waste, hydrolyzing many of its components, and preparing the material for post-autoclave automated separations. The present apparatus provides a means of drying the solid waste in the vessel, while conserving the energy used to dry the vessel. Non-contact steam is recovered through separations of steam and water, with condensate steam pressure regenerated by mechanical vapor recompression and condensate water returned to the boiler/steam generator. Heat transfer to combustion air, by heat transfer via heat pump to generate additional steam, and/or by mechanical vapor recompression recovers the latent heat of loose contact steam condensate. The process design provides for in-vessel drying while reducing the energy cost of operating a waste autoclave, as compared to the current art.

High-effective integral spray cooling system

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-effective integral spray cooling system, which solves heat dissipation problem in field such as high power electron or laser system. The spray cooling system includes a spray cavity, a heat exchanger, a cooler, a circulating pump and a system working medium circulation pipeline, wherein the heat exchanger is a heat pipe heat exchanger; one end of the heat pipe of the heat pipe heat exchanger is a condensation end, and the other end is an evaporation end; the evaporation end is arranged in the spray cavity and is a steam condenser, and the condensation end is arranged in a water cooling shell-and-tube heat exchanger outside the spray cavity. The invention separates steam cooling and liquid cooling, which is beneficial to respectively increase heat transfer effect in condensation and cooling process; employs the heat pipe condenser to further increase heat transfer performance in condensation process and reduce heat exchange area of the condenser; and arranges the condenser in the spray cavity for making spray cooling structure more compact and reducing flow resistance of working medium steam, thereby reducing operating pressure of the spray cavity and being beneficial to increase general heat dispersion performance of spray cooling.

Solar steam generator having a standby heat supply system

Abstract: A standby heat supply system is provided for a solar receiver steam generator to maintain the system at a relatively constant temperature during the nocturnal period when solar radiation is unavailable. An exemplary solar steam generator having a standby heat supply system includes a steam loop having at least one solar panel, a steam drum and circulating pump, whereby solar energy heats the water to generate steam which is provided to the steam drum. The standby heat supply system includes an external standby heater wherein the water from the steam drum is provided to the external standby heater. A heat isolation valve is actuated during the nocturnal period to allow the water to circulate through the standby heater. Another exemplary embodiment of a solar steam generator includes an internal standby heat supply system having heater elements immersed in the steam drum for direct heating of the water during nocturnal periods.

Steam turbine and method of cooling steam turbine

Abstract: A steam turbine (20) is provided with a casing (109), a turbine rotor (25) disposed through the casing (109), and labyrinth portions (50,55) which are disposed at the boundary between the casing (109) and the turbine rotor (25). The steam turbine (20) is further provided with a sealing stream pipe (65) for supplying sealing steam to the labyrinth portions (50,55) and a gas supply pipe (60) for supplying the labyrinth portions (50,55) with a cooling gas for cooling the turbine rotor (25) or a heating gas for heating the turbine rotor (25).

Chemical cleaning method and system with steam injection

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for cleaning heat exchangers and similar vessels by introducing chemical cleaning solutions and/or solvents while maintaining a target temperature range by direct steam injection into the cleaning solution. The steam may be injected directly into the heat exchanger or into a temporary side stream loop for recirculating the cleaning solution or admixed with fluids being injected to the heat exchanger. The disclosed methods are suitable for removing metallic oxides from a heat exchanger under chemically reducing conditions or metallic species such as copper under chemically oxidizing conditions. In order to further enhance the heat transfer efficiency of heating cleaning solvents by direct steam injection, mixing on the secondary side of the heat exchanger can be enhanced by gas sparging or by transferring liquid between heat exchangers when more than one heat exchanger is being cleaned at the same time.