Showing papers on "Timer published in 2019"

Achieving Stagnation-Free Intermittent Computation with Boundary-Free Adaptive Execution

Abstract: This paper presents ELASTIN, a stagnation-free intermittent computing system for energy-harvesting devices that ensures forward progress in the presence of frequent power outages without partitioning program into recoverable regions or tasks. ELASTIN leverages both timer-based checkpointing of volatile registers and copy-on-write mappings of nonvolatile memory pages to restore them in the wake of power failure. During each checkpoint interval, ELASTIN tracks memory writes on a per-page basis and backs up the original page using custom software-controlled memory protection without MMU or TLB. When a new interval starts at each timer expiration, ELASTIN clears the write permission of all the pages written during the previous interval and checkpoints all registers including a program counter as a recovery point. In particular, ELASTIN dynamically reconfigures both the checkpoint interval and the page size to achieve stagnation-free intermittent computation and maximize forward progress across power outages. The experiments on TI's MSP430 board with energy harvesting traces show that ELASTIN outperforms the state-of-the-art scheme by 3.5X on average (up to orders of magnitude speedup) and guarantees forward progress.

Activation and deactivation of bandwidth part

Abstract: A wireless device receives from a base station, message(s) comprising configuration parameters of a cell. The configuration parameters may comprise BWP parameters of a first BWP and a second BWP, and a timer value associated with a BWP inactivity timer. A first DCI may be received at a first slot. The first DCI may indicate switching to the second BWP as an active BWP. In response to the first DCI, the first BWP may switch to the second BWP as the active BWP. In response to the first DCI, the BWP inactivity timer may be started at a second slot based on the timer value. The second slot may occur after the first slot by an amount of time determined based on a time offset value. A default BWP may be switched to in response to an expiry of the BWP inactivity timer.

Time Synchronization for Wireless Sensors Using Low-Cost GPS Module and Arduino

Abstract: Time synchronisation for wireless sensors is important for a proper interpretation of measurements, particularly for acceleration measurements to estimate mode-shapes correctly. This paper presents a new time synchronisation method working independently on each node without exchanging time-sync packets among nodes. This stand-along operation can make field measurement campaigns very time-efficient without a need of constructing and validating the wireless sensor network. The proposed method firstly time-stamps measurements using the accurate time-source from a GPS module on each node, and secondly re-samples the time-stamped data to get time-synchronised data. The time-stamping method proposed in the study utilises Pulse-Per-Second (PPS) signals and NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association) sentences generated by a low-cost GPS module, and the internal timer/counter unit of Arduino. Error analysis on the proposed time-stamping method was carried out and derived an analytical expression for the maximum variance of time-stamping error of the proposed method. Four experiments have been carried out to observe 1) the long-term operational stability of the GPS module, 2) the accuracy of the PPS signals, 3) the accuracy of the proposed time-stamping method, and 4) the validity of the proposed time-synchronisation method for output-only modal analysis on a laboratory floor structure. The GPS module was found to operate or to resume operating stably for the entire test period of seven days even with the limited field of view to the sky. The relative time errors of two PPS signals from four GPS modules were found to be within +/-400 nsec. The time-stamping error measured by two identical time-stamping Arduinos for common trigger signals was found to have a standard deviation of 40.8 nsec, which agreed well with the maximum value of 42.0 nsec predicted by the error analysis. From the output-only modal analysis, the estimated modal parameters were found to agree well with that from the wired acceleration sensors. The phase angle of the cross spectral density of the two wireless accelerations showed that there was no apparent time-synchronisation error observable. These observations indicated a successful operation of the proposed time-synchronisation method.

Method for performing access control in next-generation mobile communication network, and user equipment

Abstract: Disclosed in the present specification is a method by which a user equipment (UE) performs access control. The method comprises the steps of: allowing a non-access-stratum (NAS) layer of the UE to transfer information on an important service and a NAS signaling request to a radio resource control (RRC) layer, when the important service is required even if access to a cell is currently interrupted or a back-off timer is operated; and allowing the RRC layer to skip or override an inspection for access control on the basis of the information on the important service, wherein, the information on the important service can be set in advance.

Methods for executing autonomous rideshare requests

Abstract: One variation of a method for executing autonomous rideshare requests includes: following arrival of an autonomous vehicle proximal a pickup location specified in a rideshare request submitted by a user, setting a user arrival timer for a first duration and a depart timer for a second duration exceeding the first duration; serving a state of the user arrival timer to a mobile computing device affiliated with the user; rendering a state of the depart timer on an external display arranged on the autonomous vehicle; in response to failure of the user to arrive at the autonomous vehicle prior to expiration of the user arrival timer, departing from the pickup location without the user; and, in response to the user arriving at the autonomous vehicle prior to expiration of the user arrival timer, departing from the pickup location with the user prior to expiration of the delay timer.

Dormancy method and device of terminal device

Abstract: The invention relates to a dormancy method and a device of a terminal device, which are used for realizing the requirement of saving power consumption. In this method, if the terminal device does notreceive a signal indicating wake-up within a preset time, If the InactivityTimer and/or the RetransmissionTimer are running, the terminal device stops the InactivityTimer and/or the RetransmissionTimer. The prior art situation in which the terminal device needs to be activated for a period of time until the timer expires even when the terminal device is instructed to sleep when the InactivityTimerand/or the RetractionTimer are running can be avoided. That is to say, through the method, the terminal equipment can be truly dormant, so that the power consumption can be better saved and the requirement of power consumption saving can be met.

Constant on/off -Time Hybrid Modulation in Digital Current-Mode Control Using Event-Based Sampling

Abstract: Ripple-based constant on -time and off -time control techniques can achieve fast step-down and step-up transient performance along with an improved light-load efficiency. However, they suffer from varying switching frequency at the steady state and often require a phase-locked loop for frequency regulation. This paper proposes a constant on/off -time hybrid modulation technique in a digitally current-mode controlled synchronous buck converter. The proposed technique considers an event-based sampling mechanism using one sample per switching cycle, which makes it useful for high-frequency implementation. This requires a monoshot timer and a digital voltage controller $G_c(z)$ . The proposed technique can be configured to a constant on -time or off -time modulator with seamless transition because of sharing $G_c(z)$ ; thus, improved step-up/down transient performance can be retained. Furthermore, a discrete-time framework is proposed for fast-scale stability analysis, and the effects of finite sampling and practical parasitics are discussed. Discrete-time small-signal models are derived for the direct digital control design with enhanced stability and performance. A frequency adaptation method is discussed to customize the switching frequency in real time. A buck converter prototype is tested, and the usefulness of the proposed modulation technique is verified experimentally.

Designing alarm system using modified generalized delay-timer

Abstract: Alarm systems are of crucial importance in ensuring safety and efficiency of industrial installations. In practice, alarm systems are not properly designed or given the attention they deserve; their performance is unsatisfactory. The main role of alarms is to inform the operator of any incident in the plant. Regrettably, most occurred alarms are false and nuisance. To avoid this, industrial community developed techniques like deadbands, filters and delay-timers. Delay-timer is largely exercised in industry. This article presents a new concept for designing a Generalized delay-timer. n 1 out of n consecutive samples is not the only condition to activate an alarm, we will use additional setpoints to rise or clear an alarm. Three performance indicators namely, False Alarm Rate ( F A R ), Missed Alarm Rate ( M A R ) and Average Alarm Delay ( A A D ) are computed for the proposed method. At the end, the modified Generalized delay-timer method is examined and compared with the Generalized delay-timer using a simulation and industrial case studies The obtained results show that alarm system performance is improved and even optimized using the modified Generalized delay-timer.

The rookie and the old-timer: challenges and future prospects.

Abstract: In late 2018 when I was approached to join the editorial team of Molecular Biology Reports (MOLE) and act as a managing editor, my brain cells started to work overtime. This was a completely new challenge in my scientific career, one that I had wanted for a long time and was looking forward to embrace while also thinking to myself ‘what am I getting into?’. After putting both feet back on the ground, I realized this was an opportunity to help fellow researchers share their findings with the world and with that shape how the scientific knowledge field looks like. So, I accepted the task and was introduced to MOLE, a journal with solid roots in the publishing community and which has been around for more than 40 years. MOLE was going through a thorough reorganization with the purpose of providing the journal the means to better serve the authors that chose to trust MOLE with the task of spreading their findings to the scientific community. Nowadays, authors have a huge number of publication options and an increased pressure to publish. At the same time, there is this perception and sometimes reality that the success of their career depends on being accepted into a high impact factor journal. It is therefore not surprising that authors look at journal selection as a taunting task with major impact in having or not a place in academic research. In an attempt to help, one of our aims as the editorial team behind MOLE is to deliver the best possible experience regarding the entire submission process. We aim to deliver a fast, accurate and fair decision to authors. We are also aware of the lack of training many young researchers have in regards to submission skills or even scientific writing so we try and help by being approachable and always working together with the author. This availability does not impact our golden rules of impartiality, reproducibility and technical accuracy when it comes to assessing a manuscript quality. As an additional effort to help authors worldwide, we have decided to explore some of the key research trends by inviting submissions on these areas. We will be focused, throughout 2019, in receiving not only review articles on these subjects but also by organizing a number of special issues. The areas we will try to cover are: long noncoding RNA’s, regulation of cell fate and nanotechnology. We see an increase in attention in the role of long noncoding RNA’s with several studies suggesting ln RNAs are responsible for a wide range of modifications that include, among others, the regulation of miRNA expression [1–3]. Building on the debate of cell fate will also be of interest. Discussing the molecular intricacies between senescence and quiescence will be of significance to improve the understanding of the origin, progression and treatment of cancer [4]. In line with the subject of cancer, we at MOLE, find the field of nanotechnology to be on the frontier of technological advance. The fast developments in nanotechnology have already had an extensive impact in several life science areas including healthcare. The use of nanoparticles for therapeutic purposes is well on the way especially when it comes to chemotherapeutic agents with low levels of solubility where the development of nanocarriers would improve the water solubility of these agents. In addition to this the co-delivery of these agents together with a secondary substance [5], has proved to improve the outcome of chemotherapy. We are keen to see the outcome of these editorial changes, hoping this is just the beginning of something bigger. We are excited to keep building on the strong foundations of MOLE and keep providing authors a solid and reliable service. In the short term, we hope to position the journal in the scientific community in such a way that, research groups will look at MOLE as a good first candidate to publish their work. Lastly, the editorial team would like to extend their appreciation to all authors that trust us with the task of reading firsthand their research, to all the peer reviewers that on a daily basis work with us and keep our content solid and sound, and finally, to our board members for devoting their valuable time to assist the editorial team with their expertise. We look forward to hearing from you, not only how you experienced * Rodrigo Guimarães rodrigo.soaresguimaraes@springernature.com

Charging method, network device, and charging system

Abstract: Disclosed are a charging method, a network device and a system, for use in recovering an online charging function in time when an OCS is faulty, thereby reducing risks of user account overdraft, and improving user experience. The method in an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a PCEF entity performs online charging on a UE; when it is known that an online charging system (OCS) is unavailable, the PCEF entity switches the UE from online charging to offline charging, and starts an offline timer; and if the PCEF entity knows, before the offline timer times out, that the OCS is recovered to be available, the PCEF entity switches the UE from the offline charging to the online charging. In the solution, after users are switched to offline charging, an online charging function is recovered in time when an OCS is available, thereby reducing possible risks of user account overdraft during an offline charging process; and the solution can avoid deactivating users, thereby improving user experience.

ORIT: A Transport Layer Protocol Design for Underwater DTN Sensor Networks

Abstract: Research challenges have focused on underwater acoustic sensor networks characterized by long propagation delay, narrow bandwidth, and frequently disconnected interruption, among others, which can be viewed as delay/disruption tolerant networks (DTNs). However, limited research has been conducted on goodput performance considering the total data packets transmitted in the channel, which is referred to as the remove redundant goodput (RRG) performance of underwater DTN sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a transport layer protocol, called optimal retransmission timeout (RTO) interval stop-and-wait transmission (ORIT), used in underwater DTN sensor networks. In most general transport layer protocols, the RTO timer is set to longer than the RTT to avoid pseudo-retransmissions. However, great network latency could be introduced by applying such a mechanism in underwater communication networks. In ORIT, we propose an RTO optimization algorithm to maximize the RRG performance of the network by reducing the RTO timer. Meanwhile, we adopt the interval stop-and-wait transmission mechanism to avoid data pseudo-retransmissions caused by setting the RTO timer shorter than the RTT in narrow acoustic channels. Through adopting the RTO timer, the ORIT can achieve the best RRG performance under an RTO timer, which we call the optimal RTO timer. We compare the ORIT with other transport layer protocols in the DTN network. The results show that the ORIT with the optimal RTO timer can shorten the long propagation delay and effectively increase the data delivery rate in the underwater DTN sensor networks.

Fall sensing and medical alert systems

Abstract: A fall detection device having a wearable housing, a processor, a sensor system operatively connected to the processor and configured to detect a physiological condition of the wearer's body, a motion sensor, a wireless communication module processor, and a memory. The memory stores computer readable instructions that cause the processor to : monitor the motion sensor to detect a decrease in acceleration in the gravitational direction below a first threshold; start a timer upon detecting the decrease in acceleration; monitor the motion sensor to detect a fall-indicative acceleration above a second level prior to the timer reaching a first predetermined time; monitor the motion sensor to detect a recovery-indicative acceleration above a third level prior to the timer reaching a second predetermined time; and activate the wireless communication module to initiate an emergency alert if the fall-indicative acceleration is detected and the recovery-indicative acceleration is not detected.

Method and apparatus of handling BWP inactivity timer during random access procedure in a wireless communication system

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses of handling a bandwidth part (BWP) inactivity timer during a Random Access procedure in a wireless communication system are disclosed herein. In one method, a user equipment (UE) starts a BWP timer for a serving cell operating in a paired spectrum. The UE initiates a contention-based Random Access (RA) procedure on the serving cell and stops the BWP timer. The UE starts the BWP timer upon successful completion of the RA procedure, wherein the UE considers the contention-based RA procedure successfully completed if a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) addressed to a Cell Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) of the UE is received and the PDCCH contains an uplink grant for a new transmission.

Efficient bandwidth adaptation for a wideband carrier

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for efficient bandwidth adaptation for wideband carrier. In one novel aspect, the UE starts a BWP timer upon detecting one or more BWP timer starting triggering events, resets the BWP timer upon detecting BWP resetting triggering events, and switches to the default BWP upon expiration of the BWP timer. The BWP timer starting triggering events comprises decoding a command to switch away from the default BWP, the detection of end of DL data transmission in DRX mode. In another novel aspect, the UE only decodes the DCI indication for active BWP switching in the first three OFDM symbols of a subframe or a slot. In yet another novel aspect, when the SPS is configured for the serving cell for a UE with multiple BWPs, the SPS is configured for all the BWPs accordingly.

Discontinuous reception and CSI

Abstract: A wireless device receives one or more messages. The one or more messages comprise discontinuous reception configuration parameters comprising a value for a discontinuous reception inactivity timer. A first downlink control information is received that indicates a channel state information request; and no uplink packet transmission. The discontinuous reception inactivity timer is started in response to the first downlink control information indicating the channel state information request and no uplink packet transmission. A second downlink control information is received while the discontinuous reception inactivity timer is running. One or more transport blocks is transmitted based on the second downlink control information.

Research and development of ultra-low power LoraWan sensor node

Abstract: The work presents the project of ultra-low power sensor node for IoT applications with LoRa interface, which was successfully designed and tested. The main features of this design is its low power consumption, long distance communication and secure data transmission. By using external nano timer TPL5110 it is possible to reduce the end node consumption current Ic from 4.2uA to 290nA. This increases battery life and sensor autonomous operation.

An Investigation on DC Motor Braking System by Implementing Electromagnetic Relay and Timer

Abstract: This paper proposes an investigative study on DC motor braking system. Electro-magnetic relay and timer are deployed for this purpose in DC shunt motor. Plugging and dynamic braking systems are implemented to control the speed as well as brake the motor. However, a control circuit and timer methodologies are proposed in this paper. Hardware implementation is carried out in the laboratory environment to inspect the response of the system which is quite satisfactory.

Method and device for using power-saving signal mode, and terminal

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, a device for using power-saving signal mode, and a terminal, belonging to the field of communication. The method comprises the steps that: a terminal determines a discontinuous reception DRX timer in a running state, wherein the DRX timer is one of a duration timer of a long DRX period, an inactive state timer, a duration timer of a short DRX period and a retransmission timer; the terminal determines whether to use a wake-up signal power-saving signal monitoring mode or not according to the DRX timer; and when the terminal determines to use the power-saving signal monitoring mode, monitoring a power-saving signal according to the power-saving signal monitoring mode. The problem of time delay caused by the fact that the UE does not detect the power-savingsignal and skips monitoring of the PDCCH can be solved, and the problem that extra time delay can be introduced into the power-saving signal and the time delay requirement under certain service scenescannot be met is solved.

Beam management in discontinuous reception

Abstract: A wireless device receives a timer value of a DRX on duration timer for a DRX operation; radio resources of a reference signals for a transmission of a layer 1 reference signal received power report; and a report indicator indicating the transmission of the layer 1 reference signal received power report is limited to a time period when the DRX on duration timer is running. The layer 1 reference signal received power report is transmitted at a first time based on the DRX on duration timer running at a predefined time period before the first time. The layer 1 reference signal received power report comprises a layer 1 reference signal received power value and a reference signal resource index associated with one of the reference signal(s). Based on the report indicator, transmitting of the layer 1 reference signal received power report at a second time is skipped in response to the DRX on duration timer not running at the predefined time period before the second time.

Communication method, communication device and network device

Abstract: The invention provides a communication method, a communication device and a network device. The method comprises the following steps: when a secondary cell of a communication device has a beam failure, the communication device sending a beam failure recovery request to a network device through a PUCCH or MAC CE, determining the DRX activity state time according to the state of the beam failure recovery request, so as to ensure that the communication device correctly receives the response message of the beam failure recovery request while the power consumption of the communication equipment isreduced; or the communication device determining the stop time of the uplink retransmission timer according to the operation state of the configured authorization timer, and the DRX of the communication device being in an active state when the uplink retransmission timer works; when the DRX of the communication device is in the active state, monitoring the PDCCH. The method not only can ensure thecorrect receiving of the uplink grant-free transmission retransmission indication, but also can reduce the additional monitoring of the communication device, and the power consumption of the communication device is reduced.

Bandwidth Part Inactivity Timer

Abstract: A wireless device may receive at least one message from a base station. The at least one message may comprise configuration parameters. The configuration parameters may indicate periodic resources of a configured grant. The configured grant may be configured in an uplink bandwidth part. The configuration parameters may indicate a timer value of a bandwidth part inactivity timer. The bandwidth part inactivity timer may be started in response to activating a downlink bandwidth part. One or more data packets may be transmitted via a first transmission interval of a first resource of the periodic resources of the uplink bandwidth part. The bandwidth part inactivity timer may be restarted at a time based on the first transmission interval. In response to an expiry of the bandwidth part inactivity timer, the wireless device may switch from the downlink bandwidth part to a default bandwidth part as an active bandwidth part.

Timing in beam failure recovery procedure

Abstract: A wireless device receives one or more messages comprising configuration parameters. The configuration parameters indicate: a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs) comprising a first BWP and a second BWP; and a timer value for a BWP inactivity timer. The BWP inactivity timer associated with the timer value starts in response to switching to the first BWP as an active BWP. A beam failure recovery procedure is initiated based on reaching a number of beam failure instance indications for the first BWP. Based on an expiry of the BWP inactivity timer during the beam failure recovery procedure: the beam failure recovery procedure for the first BWP is aborted; and the active BWP is switched from the first BWP to the second BWP.

First-Timer Learning Experiences in Global Game Jam.

Abstract: Game jams are accelerated game creation events usually taking place over the course of a short time period. A variety of learning outcomes from game jamming has been discussed in previous research, with learning being a common motivation for attending game jams. Despite this, there has been little research into the psychological mechanisms driving learning and participation. In this article, the learning experiences of four first-time participants in the Global Game Jam are examined through self-determination theory. Results suggest that a wide spectrum of learning is experienced during a game jam, and game jams offer at least a temporary heightened sense of creativity and competence. Assessment remains an issue, however, and learning benefits may be contingent on the jam setting. All three basic psychological needs listed in self-determination theory are potentially fulfilled by game jam attendance, suggesting the relevance of self-determination theory in further jam research.

Timing advance in beam failure recovery request transmission

Abstract: A wireless device receives message(s) comprising configuration parameter(s) indicating reference signal(s) of a cell. The configuration parameter(s) may indicate one or more preambles for a beam failure recovery procedure. The configuration parameter(s) may indicate a time alignment timer of a timing advance group comprising the cell. The time alignment timer may start in response to receiving a timing advance command for the timing advance group. The beam failure recovery procedure may be initiated in response to detecting a beam failure of the cell. The beam failure of the cell may be detected based on the reference signal(s) of the cell. A preamble of the one or more preambles may be transmitted for the beam failure recovery procedure. The beam failure recovery procedure may be aborted in response to an expiry of the time alignment timer during the beam failure recovery procedure.

Random Access And Bandwidth Part Operation

Abstract: A wireless device receives one or more messages comprising: first configuration parameters of a plurality of cells comprising a primary cell and a secondary cell; and bandwidth part configuration parameters comprising a value for a bandwidth part inactivity timer. A downlink control information is received on an active bandwidth part of the primary cell. The downlink control information indicates a resource assignment. In response to the receiving the downlink control information, a determination is made that no random access procedure is ongoing on the secondary cell. The bandwidth part inactivity timer of the active bandwidth part of the primary cell is started in response to the determining. In response to an expiry of the bandwidth part inactivity timer, a switch is made from the active bandwidth part to a default bandwidth part.

Differential Inductive Sensor-to-Microcontroller Interface Circuit

Abstract: This paper proposes a low-cost interface circuit for differential inductive sensors where the sensor is directly connected to a microcontroller unit (MCU) without any active intermediate electronics in between. The timer embedded into the MCU is employed to measure the discharging or charging time interval of two passive RL networks formed by each sensor coil and an external resistor. Two topologies of the circuit are presented, evaluating their advantages and drawbacks. One of the topologies is implemented using a low-cost 8-bit MCU (Atmel ATmega328P) and its transfer characteristics is evaluated when measuring a commercial displacement inductive sensor. Experimental results show that, in a range of ± 25 mm, the non-linearity error is smaller than 1%, and the resolution is 9 bits for an overall measuring time of a few milliseconds.

Timer-Based Distributed Channel Access in Networked Control Systems over Known and Unknown Gilbert-Elliott Channels

Abstract: In this paper, we consider a system consisting of multiple (possibly heterogeneous) decoupled control subsystems which aim at communicating with their corresponding controllers via shared (possibly) time-varying wireless channels. To address the resource allocation problem in a distributed fashion, we propose a timer-based channel access mechanism in which the subsystem with the smallest timer value, in a channel, claims the slot for transmission in that specific channel. The value of the timer is inversely proportional to a cost which is a function of the temporal correlation in the channel variation and the subsystem state. This cost can be calculated individually and does not require explicit communication between the subsystems, since it is based on locally available information only. The temporal correlation in the channel variation may be unknown and, in such cases, each subsystem tries to deduce it via machine learning techniques. The performance of our proposed mechanism is demonstrated via simulations.