Showing papers on "Trap (computing) published in 1996"

Method and apparatus for desulfating a NOx trap

Abstract: A method and apparatus for desulfating a NO x trap is proposed wherein the SO x purge temperature is achieved by modulating the amplitude of the A/F of the mixture supplied to the engine thereby storing oxygen in the trap during lean engine cylinder events and generating the required exotherm during rich engine cylinder events.

A new versatile electron-beam ion trap

Abstract: We have constructed an electron-beam ion trap (EBIT) to facilitate the creation and study of highly charged ions. After a brief introduction to EBITs in general, we describe the design of the new device, highlighting its unique features. Some preliminary results are presented which demonstrate the devices capability to produce and study highly charged ions.

Method and apparatus for estimating and controlling no x trap temperature

Abstract: An engine control computer estimates NO x trap temperature based on an estimated midbed temperature of a three-way catalytic converter located upstream from the trap and the effect on NO x trap temperature of introducing air into the exhaust upstream of the trap during purging of the trap.

Cryogenic linear ion trap for accurate spectroscopy

Abstract: We have observed linear ‘‘crystals’’ of up to tens of laser‐cooled 199Hg+ ions in a linear rf ion trap. The trap operates at liquid‐He temperature and is designed for use as a prototype 40.5 GHz frequency standard with high accuracy and stability.

Fluid cooled trap

Abstract: The liquid cooled trap for effectively and efficiently collecting condensable vapor in a chemical vapor reaction system includes two stages. The first stage includes an entrance area to the trap that is purposely designed to be large in space and a very poor heat exchanger in order to avoid condensation and resulting solid deposits that could clog the entrance port to the trap. The second stage comprises a better heat exchanger to spread the condensation and deposits efficiently over a larger surface area and a longer flow path. The second stage is a very efficient heat exchanger to clean up and remove whatever small amount of the condensable vapor remains after the first stage of the trap. The second stage includes cooling coil tubes and cooling cones or fins to increase the overall efficiency of the trap be increasing the interior surfaces upon which the flowing condensable vapor can condense, while not significantly reducing the flow conductance of the trap.

Endoscopy in the Paul Trap: Measurement of the Vibratory Quantum State of a Single Ion.

Abstract: We reconstruct the density operator of the center-of-mass motion of an ion stored in a Paul trap by mapping the dynamics of the motion onto the internal dynamics of the ion. Our technique takes into account the explicit time dependence of the trap potential, operates outside the Lamb-Dicke limit, and is not restricted to pure states. We demonstrate the feasibility of this method using the example of a damped Schr\"odinger cat state.

Method and system for priortizing and filtering traps from network devices

Abstract: Traps from network devices are filtered and prioritized. Filtering and prioritization can be performed on specific types of traps, traps from specific devices and traps from specific enterprises. Filtering is performed to reduce the number of traps that are processed, and prioritization is performed to indicate the relative importance of the traps. The filtering and prioritization can be performed by a trap daemon, which is executed by a network manager. Priorities and filters can be assigned to the traps, devices and enterprises by a network administrator. This provides the network administrator with great flexibility in managing the traps according to the situation at hand.

Method and apparatus for servicing simultaneous I/O trap and debug traps in a microprocessor

Abstract: A microprocessor includes the capability to service at least one debug exception and an I/O trap generated during execution of a single instruction. After executing each instruction, the microprocessor determines whether a debug exception and an I/O trap occurred. If at least one debug exception and an I/O trap exist, then the microprocessor determines an active status for the debug exception. The microprocessor stores the contents of internal registers, constituting a state of the microprocessor, to memory, and latches a breakpoint status for the debug exception in a public debug status register. The breakpoint status is preserved by copying the breakpoint status to a private debug status register. The microprocessor services the I/O trap by executing a SMM handler, an upon returning from the SMM handler, the state of the microprocessor is restored. If the I/O trap serviced requires instruction restart, then the state of the microprocessor is adjusted to re-execute the instruction. The microprocessor copies the breakpoint status, stored in the private debug status register, to the public debug status register when the I/O trap does not require instruction restart. The debug exception is subsequently serviced by executing an INT1 handler.

Debug system with hardware breakpoint trap

Abstract: Disclosed herein is sophisticated but low-cost debug hardware which may be used to identify the root cause of a functional or electrical problem in a microprocessor chip. The debug hardware provides for generating a hardware breakpoint trap (HBT) in response to programmed combinations of internal signal triggers, and if desired, a HBT may be delayed through one or more occurrences of a programmed trigger combination via use of an iteration counter. Apparatus for generating and handling a HBT may comprise one or more trigger means, one or more event generation means, and debug software comprising code for 1) preserving the current architected state of a microprocessor upon generation of a HBT, 2) vectoring to and initiating execution of trap handler code, and 3) restoring said preserved current architected state after said trap handler code has been executed. Each of the trigger means is implemented internally to the microprocessor so as to monitor signals of the microprocessor and generate a trigger as programmed values of the signals are detected. Each of the event generation means is also implemented internally to the microprocessor, and may be used to generate a HBT in response to a programmed combination of the number of triggers generated by said trigger means. The debug software is stored in one or more memories accessible to, but possibly external to, the microprocessor.

System and method for debugging distributed programs

Abstract: This invention provides a small and efficient set of primitives for debugging a distributed application that runs on a plurality of processors connected by a common network. These primitives permit a user to debug a distributed application in a manner similar to debugging a non-distributed application. The invention allows a user to step into and return from a remote procedure call in exactly the same manner as a local procedure call. The invention also allow a user to set breakpoints in a server for specific clients and to specify conditions under which a particular remote call from a client should trap in a server. These capabilities greatly simplify the process of debugging distributed applications such as client-server programs.

Non-destructive ion trap mass spectrometer and method

Abstract: The invention relates to an ion trap mass spectrometer of the type having an ion trapping volume defined by spaced end caps and a ring electrode. The ion trap includes a small sensing electrode which senses characteristic motion of ions trapped in said trapping volume and provides an image current. Ions are excited into characteristic motion by application of an excitation pulse to the trapped ions. The invention also relates to a method of operating such an ion trap.

Isotope separation by nonlinear resonances in a Paul trap

Abstract: Deviations from the ideal quadrupole potential in a Paul ion trap create nonlinear resonances at certain operating points inside the stability diagram, where in the absence of potential pertubations storing times are very long. In the presence of those pertubations, however, the ions are lost from the trap. Since these resonances are mass dependent and the mass resolution is of the order of 100 it can be used to separate isotopes of a given element by choosing suitable trap operating conditions. Experiments on a natural mixture of Eu+ ions of mass 151 and 153 show that in a simple way, by proper choice of the operating point, the ions can be completely separated and laser-induced optical spectra of a single isotope can be received. This is the first time that mass separation in a Paul trap is performed by nonlinear effects in contrast to the usual way of using the mass dependent boundaries of the stability diagram

Method for injection of externally produced ions into a quadrupole ion trap

Abstract: A method of ion collection over a wide mass-to-charge range from continuous ion source into a quadrupole ion trap filled with a buffer gas directing an ion beam, from an external ion source to a radio frequency ion trap through a gating device for a predetermined period of accumulation time to allow the beam to enter the trap, trapping ions over a range of masses by applying a radio frequency voltage to the trap and changing an amplitude of the radio frequency voltage adiabatically to achieve a uniform trapping efficiency for ions over a predetermined mass range. The predetermined period of accumulation time may be divided into a plurality of segments, and the amplitude of the radio-frequency voltage is changing adiabatically within each segment.

Disposable rodent trap

Abstract: This invention relates to an adhesive type rodent trap that is disposable and has an opaque housing with a window, preventing unintended view of the trapped rodent but allowing quick intended viewing for checking if the trap is occupied. The trap further includes an entrance and a handle for closing the entrance to the trap and carrying the trap.

Improvements in emissions control

Abstract: Substantial improvements in the control of pollutants from internal combustion engines may be obtained by pre-drying a catalyst/hydrocarbon trap system and preferably incorporating a water trap in a catalyst/hydrocarbon trap system. A pre-drying system dries the water trap, HC trap and catalyst, eg upon engine switch-off.

Collapsible marine animal trap and storage unit

Abstract: A collapsible lobster trap having an external and internal design very similar to existing, non-collapsible traps, which allows a user to transport by truck, boat, or other means, a larger number of traps per excursion than is currently possible. The trap has a rectangular bottom panel to which a first pair of opposed side panels and a second pair of opposed side panels are hingedly attached. A top panel is hingedly attached to one of the side panels and is secured in the closed position by two retaining straps. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each panel of one pair of opposed side panels is designed with ends overlapping the ends of the other pair of opposed side panels so that the vertical corners of the trap are structurally reinforced while maintaining collapsibility. The trap has two internal partitions made of a net-like material in the form of a funnel shape with the larger opening of the funnel shape being attached to the bottom and long sides of the trap and the smaller opening of the funnel shape attached to the sides of the trap creating multiple compartments. The long side panels each have an entrance opening also made of similar, net-like material forming a funnel to the inside of the trap. The partitions and the entrance openings are of such a design so as to make it extremely difficult for lobsters to escape. One alternative design of the device includes the removal of internal partitions for smaller-scale versions of the trap, such that the collapsible trap may be used for recreational purposes or for the trapping of other types of marine life. In another version of the device the internal partitions as well as the entryways may be omitted so that a collapsible storage unit is provided to retain relatively large numbers of marine animals.

Band-pass filter with trap circuits having different Q factors

Abstract: A band-pass filter device includes a band-pass filter having a characteristic for sufficiently passing signals belonging to a passing frequency band to be passed, a first trap circuit having a Q factor sufficiently higher than that of the BPF and attenuating signals belonging to a frequency band ranging frequencies higher than the passing frequency band, a second trap circuit for attenuating signals belonging to a frequency band ranging frequencies lower than the passing frequency band, a third trap circuit having a Q factor lower than that of the first trap circuit and attenuating an unnecessary component generated in the first trap circuit from the signal, a fourth trap circuit having a Q factor lower than that of the second trap circuit and attenuating an unnecessary component generated in the second trap circuit from the signal. When a first signal belonging to a passing frequency band and a second signal belonging to a frequency band ranging frequencies lower or higher than the passing frequency band are simultaneously supplied to a BPF device having this structure, the BPF device can selectively pass the first signal, and completely attenuate the unnecessary second signal. A structure comprising two BPF having different central passing frequencies, first and third trap circuits having relatively low Q factors, a second trap circuit having a high Q factor and eliminating an unnecessary component which cannot be removed by the first trap circuit can also realize such a good BPF device as described above.

Method and apparatus for selectively trapping ions into a quadrupole trap

Abstract: Selective trapping of ions from an external source into a quadrupole trap is accomplished by applying a parametric pump voltage to the quadrupole trap electrodes in such a phase as to extract energy from the ions, causing the ions to accumulate in the center of the trap. Pump voltage phase is controlled by the timing of the injection of ions into the trap relative to the absolute phase of the pump voltage. Optimum phasing results when the ion packet allowed into the trap through gating of the ion beam optics is sufficiently opposed by the field produced by the parametric pump voltage. The ions are also subjected to a normal RF trapping field.

Equipment comprising a condensate trap

Abstract: A condensate trap assembly 12 includes a valve body 28 accommodating a condensate trap element 34 and a valve element 36. The valve element 36 is movable by a positioner 26 to direct flow in a condensate line 10 either through the condensate trap afforded by the trap element, or through the valve bypassing the condensate trap, or to shut off the condensate line 10. The positioner rotates the valve element 36 under the control of control means 54 which responds to signals from a sensor 24 detecting the presence or absence of condensate in a monitoring chamber 16 and the temperature within the chamber 16. The control means 54 is also responsive to the temperature sensed by a temperature sensor 22 upstream of a process 2 utilizing steam or other fluid which is applied to the condensate trap assembly 12.

Piezoelectric resonators for trap circuits having a plurality of trap frequencies

Abstract: A single-chip piezoelectric resonator using SH type surface waves has an interdigital transducer formed on a piezoelectric substrate. The interdigital transducer is designed to have two or more resonance characteristics, for example, by using a pair of thinned-out comb-shaped electrodes with mutually interlocking fingers protruding towards each other. Such an interdigital transducer may be formed also by using a pair of comb-shaped electrodes with the lengths of their mutually pointing fingers varied. A trap circuit with two sufficiently separated trap frequencies and improved attenuation characteristics at these two trap frequencies can be formed by forming two interdigital transducers of the kind described above on a single piezoelectric substrate so as to provide two resonant units each having two resonance characteristics. Alternatively, two piezoelectric resonators of the kind described above may be connected in parallel to provide two resonance characteristics. The attenuation characteristics can be further improved by inserting an inductor connected between the interdigital transducers and/or another inductor between a signal receiving terminal on one of the interdigital transducers and an input terminal through which signal are received by the trap circuit.

Rf filter arrangement with image trap

Abstract: A tuner includes a tunable filter (907-2) for selecting a desired RF signal in response to a tuning control signal and a tunable image trap (907-3) for rejecting the undesired image signal corresponding to the desired RF signal responsive to the tuning control signal coupled in cascade between an RF amplifier (905) and a mixer (909). The tunable trap (907-3) also serves as an impedance transformation element between the tunable filter (907-2) and said mixer (909). The arrangement is particularly useful in a tuner in which the frequency range of the local oscillator signal is below the frequency range of the received RF signals.

Network management method

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a network management method in which network management mainly for an agent is attained by monitoring trap reception of a manager and efficient network management in response to the network configuration is attained in the network management using a simple network management protocol(SNMP) to manage the network. SOLUTION: In the S1, in the case of transmission of a trap, whether or not the confirmation of reception of the trap is required by a manager is discriminated, in the S2, a trap monitor timer corresponding to the trap requiring reception confirmation is started, in the S3, the trap is sent to the manager, in the S4, elapse of time of the trap monitor timer is monitored, in the S5, the reply of the trap from the manager is received, in the S6, when a reply is received before expiration of the trap monitor timer, the trap reception timer is released and in the S7, when the trap monitor timer expires before the reception of reply, the trap is sent again.

Design of a self-closing compliant "mouse trap" for micro assembly

Abstract: A design of a micro latching fastener ‐ a micro “mouse trap” ‐ is presented, which has self-closing compliant latches that clamp a free planar part inserted between them. The selfclosing of the latches is induced by the insertion of the part which releases the potential energy stored in the “cocked” state of the device, in the manner of a mouse trap. The closed latch can re-open by cocking the micro mouse trap. The selfclosing action of the micro mouse trap allows the inaccurate insertion of the free part and leads to very accurate final positioning, with the insertion force required to induce the selfclosing being very small. The micro mouse trap is also reusable since the release of the clamped part is done non-destructively. The micro mouse trap can be used, for instance, for assembly and temporal clamping/positioning of micro-scale parts, and electromechanical/opto-mechanical connectors.

Data processing system capable of executing groups of instructions, including at least one arithmetic instruction, in parallel

Abstract: A data processor performs various types of EIT (exception, interrupt, trap) processing in connection with the execution of the preceding and following instructions in parallel. In one embodiment, an exception is detected resulting from processing the previous instruction in the pair being executed in parallel before completion of instruction processing where the exception requires re-execution. When the exception is detected a control means prevents the execution means from executing both preceding and following instructions. An additional feature is a control unit that controls when an interrupt is accepted during parallel execution. In another embodiment, a first decoder outputs suppressing information when the preceding instruction is a predetermined instruction having a possibility of causing a trap. A validity judgment circuit prevents the second decoded result from being issued when suppressing information is generated.

Flying insect trap

Abstract: A passive, environmentally friendly apparatus and method for exterminating flying insects, particularly horseflies, without the use of chemical attractants or baits. A transparent deflector deflects the flying insects into a trap for extermination. A plurality of opaque targets are positioned about the deflector and trap so as to direct the flying insects into the deflector.

Magneto-optical trap near a surface

Abstract: Summary form only given. The behavior of atoms near a surface has been the object of many recent investigations and the realization of a sample of cold atoms near a surface is attractive for many applications. To investigate the behavior of the trap close to a surface a magneto-optical trap (MOT) that has its equilibrium position at a glass-window/Cs-vapor interface was realized. To have a better understanding of the surface role on the trap dynamics a second set of measurements was performed for the trap in the center of the cell, but partially blocking one of the laser beams.

Light Traps

Abstract: J. E. Connett has asked whether it is possible to construct a ''light trap'': a reflective-sided container with the property that a beam of light, shone into it from an appropriate direction, would be reflected inside it over and over again and never escape. We present a number of examples of light traps that trap parallel rays of light, or light rays from a countable number of directions. We also show that, in some sense, it is impossible to trap light entering a trap from arbitrary directions.