Fundamentals of Plasmonics.- Electromagnetics of Metals.- Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Metal / Insulator Interfaces.- Excitation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Planar Interfaces.- Imaging Surface Plasmon Polariton Propagation.- Localized Surface Plasmons.- Electromagnetic Surface Modes at Low Frequencies.- Applications.- Plasmon Waveguides.- Transmission of Radiation Through Apertures and Films.- Enhancement of Emissive Processes and Nonlinearities.- Spectroscopy and Sensing.- Metamaterials and Imaging with Surface Plasmon Polaritons.- Concluding Remarks.

/pdf/plasmonics-fundamentals-and-applications-4syb9877sr.pdf

Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications

A new type of metallic electromagnetic structure has been developed that is characterized by having high surface impedance. Although it is made of continuous metal, and conducts dc currents, it does not conduct ac currents within a forbidden frequency band. Unlike normal conductors, this new surface does not support propagating surface waves, and its image currents are not phase reversed. The geometry is analogous to a corrugated metal surface in which the corrugations have been folded up into lumped-circuit elements, and distributed in a two-dimensional lattice. The surface can be described using solid-state band theory concepts, even though the periodicity is much less than the free-space wavelength. This unique material is applicable to a variety of electromagnetic problems, including new kinds of low-profile antennas.

/pdf/high-impedance-electromagnetic-surfaces-with-a-forbidden-3vtu72a5an.pdf

High-impedance electromagnetic surfaces with a forbidden frequency band

Integropartial differential equations of the linear theory of nonlocal elasticity are reduced to singular partial differential equations for a special class of physically admissible kernels. Solutions are obtained for the screw dislocation and surface waves. Experimental observations and atomic lattice dynamics appear to support the theoretical results very nicely.

On differential equations of nonlocal elasticity and solutions of screw dislocation and surface waves

This feature article highlights work from the authors' laboratories on the synthesis, assembly, reactivity, and optical applications of metallic nanoparticles of nonspherical shape, especially nanorods. The synthesis is a seed-mediated growth procedure, in which metal salts are reduced initially with a strong reducing agent, in water, to produce ∼4 nm seed particles. Subsequent reduction of more metal salt with a weak reducing agent, in the presence of structure-directing additives, leads to the controlled formation of nanorods of specified aspect ratio and can also yield other shapes of nanoparticles (stars, tetrapods, blocks, cubes, etc.). Variations in reaction conditions and crystallographic analysis of gold nanorods have led to insight into the growth mechanism of these materials. Assembly of nanorods can be driven by simple evaporation from solution or by rational design with molecular-scale connectors. Short nanorods appear to be more chemically reactive than long nanorods. Finally, optical applica...

Anisotropic metal nanoparticles: Synthesis, assembly, and optical applications

We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.

/pdf/science-and-technology-roadmap-for-graphene-related-two-4q9m7czlkc.pdf

Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems

We present a theoretical analysis of the mode spectrum for elastic waves localised at the top of a semi-infinite rectangular ridge. We find their speeds of propagation to be well below the values obtained previously, where the ridge is supported by a substrate.

Rectangular-ridge vibrational modes

A group-theoretic method is described for analyzing the long-wavelength lattice vibrations of polar crystals made up of deformable and polarizable ions. A set of $3r$-dimensional matrices is constructed (where $r$ is the number of ions in a primitive unit cell of the crystal), each of which commutes with the dynamical matrix for such crystals, and which also provides a representation of the point group ${G}_{0}(\stackrel{^}{k};\ensuremath{-}\stackrel{^}{k})$, which is the subgroup of the point group of the space group of the crystal whose elements {$R$} have the property that $\mathrm{R}\stackrel{^}{k}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\stackrel{^}{k}$. Here $\mathrm{R}$ is a 3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 3 real, orthogonal matrix representative of the symmetry operation $R$, while $\stackrel{^}{k}$ is a unit vector in the direction of the wave vector $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}$ of the long-wavelength lattice vibrations being studied. Reduction of this matrix representation yields the symmetries of the long-wavelength normal modes of the crystal, and the forms of the corresponding eigenvectors can be obtained by projection-operator techniques. Additional degeneracies imposed by time-reversal symmetry are automatically taken into account in this treatment, which is illustrated by applying it to an analysis of the long-wavelength vibration modes of graphite.

Group-theoretic analysis of long-wavelength vibrations of polar crystals

Speckle correlations in the light scattered by a dielectric film with a rough surface: Guided wave effects

Attenuated total reflection spectra of surface exciton polaritons

We present a reciprocity and unitarity preserving formulation of the scattering of a scalar plane wave from a two-dimensional, randomly rough surface on which the Neumann boundary condition is satisfied. The theory is formulated on the basis of the Rayleigh hypothesis in terms of a single-particle Green's function G(q‖|k‖) for the surface electromagnetic waves that exist at the surface due to its roughness, where k‖ and q‖ are the projections on the mean scattering plane of the wave vectors of the incident and scattered waves, respectively. The specular scattering is expressed in terms of the average of this Green's function over the ensemble of realizations of the surface profile function (G(q‖|k‖)). The Dyson equation satisfied by (G(q‖|k‖)) is presented, and the properties of the solution are discussed, with particular attention to the proper self-energy in terms of which the averaged Green's function is expressed. The diffuse scattering is expressed in terms of the ensemble average of a two-p...

A. A. Maradudin

Papers

Rectangular-ridge vibrational modes

Group-theoretic analysis of long-wavelength vibrations of polar crystals

Speckle correlations in the light scattered by a dielectric film with a rough surface: Guided wave effects

Attenuated total reflection spectra of surface exciton polaritons

Scattering of a scalar wave from a two-dimensional randomly rough Neumann surface