Fundamentals of Plasmonics.- Electromagnetics of Metals.- Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Metal / Insulator Interfaces.- Excitation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Planar Interfaces.- Imaging Surface Plasmon Polariton Propagation.- Localized Surface Plasmons.- Electromagnetic Surface Modes at Low Frequencies.- Applications.- Plasmon Waveguides.- Transmission of Radiation Through Apertures and Films.- Enhancement of Emissive Processes and Nonlinearities.- Spectroscopy and Sensing.- Metamaterials and Imaging with Surface Plasmon Polaritons.- Concluding Remarks.

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Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications

A new type of metallic electromagnetic structure has been developed that is characterized by having high surface impedance. Although it is made of continuous metal, and conducts dc currents, it does not conduct ac currents within a forbidden frequency band. Unlike normal conductors, this new surface does not support propagating surface waves, and its image currents are not phase reversed. The geometry is analogous to a corrugated metal surface in which the corrugations have been folded up into lumped-circuit elements, and distributed in a two-dimensional lattice. The surface can be described using solid-state band theory concepts, even though the periodicity is much less than the free-space wavelength. This unique material is applicable to a variety of electromagnetic problems, including new kinds of low-profile antennas.

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High-impedance electromagnetic surfaces with a forbidden frequency band

Integropartial differential equations of the linear theory of nonlocal elasticity are reduced to singular partial differential equations for a special class of physically admissible kernels. Solutions are obtained for the screw dislocation and surface waves. Experimental observations and atomic lattice dynamics appear to support the theoretical results very nicely.

On differential equations of nonlocal elasticity and solutions of screw dislocation and surface waves

This feature article highlights work from the authors' laboratories on the synthesis, assembly, reactivity, and optical applications of metallic nanoparticles of nonspherical shape, especially nanorods. The synthesis is a seed-mediated growth procedure, in which metal salts are reduced initially with a strong reducing agent, in water, to produce ∼4 nm seed particles. Subsequent reduction of more metal salt with a weak reducing agent, in the presence of structure-directing additives, leads to the controlled formation of nanorods of specified aspect ratio and can also yield other shapes of nanoparticles (stars, tetrapods, blocks, cubes, etc.). Variations in reaction conditions and crystallographic analysis of gold nanorods have led to insight into the growth mechanism of these materials. Assembly of nanorods can be driven by simple evaporation from solution or by rational design with molecular-scale connectors. Short nanorods appear to be more chemically reactive than long nanorods. Finally, optical applica...

Anisotropic metal nanoparticles: Synthesis, assembly, and optical applications

We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.

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Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems

The frequency- and wave-vector-dependent spectral densities of the displacement correlation functions for atoms at the surface and at the midplane of a slab consisting of twenty-one (001) layers of an fcc crystal are calculated at two temperatures by means of a molecular-dynamics computer simulation. The atoms in the slab interact through Lennard-Jones (6-12) potentials, and anharmonic effects of all orders are taken into account. The dispersion and lifetimes of the Rayleigh waves on the surfaces of the slab are determined, as well as the changes in the interplanar spacings in the vicinity of the surfaces.

Molecular dynamics of Rayleigh waves in Lennard-Jones crystals.

Green's function theory of acoustic surface shape resonances

: A Green's function method has been used to obtain an expression for the mean free path of a Rayleigh wave propagating along a planar free surface of an isotropic elastic continuum and scattered by a mass defect. The change in density associated with the mass defect is assumed to be Delta m delta (x-x sub 0) where x sub 0 is the position vector of the defect and Delta m is the mass change. The Green's function is evaluated for an isotropic elastic continuum with a stress-free planar surface. Using this Green's function, the continuum equations of motion are formally solved for the particle displacement of the scattered wave in terms of the particle displacement of the incident wave. The Poynting vectors are then calculated for the incident wave and the scattered wave. Explicit results for the scattered wave Poynting vector are obtained in the asymptotic limit of large distance from the mass defect. The mean free path is then obtained from the ratio of the magnitudes of the incident Poynting vector and the asymptotic scattered Poynting vector. The results are compared with those of other workers. (Author)

Attenuation of Rayleigh Waves by Point Defects.

Roughness-trapped shear horizontal surface acoustic waves

We study the scattering of a plane wave from a perfectly conducting sphere with a rough surface, by using Mie theory. The scattered fields are obtained up to the second order of a parameter that describes the roughness. The differential cross section and degree of polarization are obtained in the limit of Rayleigh scattering.

A. A. Maradudin

Papers

Molecular dynamics of Rayleigh waves in Lennard-Jones crystals.

Green's function theory of acoustic surface shape resonances

Attenuation of Rayleigh Waves by Point Defects.

Roughness-trapped shear horizontal surface acoustic waves

Mie scattering by a perfectly conducting sphere with a rough surface