Fundamentals of Plasmonics.- Electromagnetics of Metals.- Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Metal / Insulator Interfaces.- Excitation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Planar Interfaces.- Imaging Surface Plasmon Polariton Propagation.- Localized Surface Plasmons.- Electromagnetic Surface Modes at Low Frequencies.- Applications.- Plasmon Waveguides.- Transmission of Radiation Through Apertures and Films.- Enhancement of Emissive Processes and Nonlinearities.- Spectroscopy and Sensing.- Metamaterials and Imaging with Surface Plasmon Polaritons.- Concluding Remarks.

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Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications

A new type of metallic electromagnetic structure has been developed that is characterized by having high surface impedance. Although it is made of continuous metal, and conducts dc currents, it does not conduct ac currents within a forbidden frequency band. Unlike normal conductors, this new surface does not support propagating surface waves, and its image currents are not phase reversed. The geometry is analogous to a corrugated metal surface in which the corrugations have been folded up into lumped-circuit elements, and distributed in a two-dimensional lattice. The surface can be described using solid-state band theory concepts, even though the periodicity is much less than the free-space wavelength. This unique material is applicable to a variety of electromagnetic problems, including new kinds of low-profile antennas.

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High-impedance electromagnetic surfaces with a forbidden frequency band

Integropartial differential equations of the linear theory of nonlocal elasticity are reduced to singular partial differential equations for a special class of physically admissible kernels. Solutions are obtained for the screw dislocation and surface waves. Experimental observations and atomic lattice dynamics appear to support the theoretical results very nicely.

On differential equations of nonlocal elasticity and solutions of screw dislocation and surface waves

This feature article highlights work from the authors' laboratories on the synthesis, assembly, reactivity, and optical applications of metallic nanoparticles of nonspherical shape, especially nanorods. The synthesis is a seed-mediated growth procedure, in which metal salts are reduced initially with a strong reducing agent, in water, to produce ∼4 nm seed particles. Subsequent reduction of more metal salt with a weak reducing agent, in the presence of structure-directing additives, leads to the controlled formation of nanorods of specified aspect ratio and can also yield other shapes of nanoparticles (stars, tetrapods, blocks, cubes, etc.). Variations in reaction conditions and crystallographic analysis of gold nanorods have led to insight into the growth mechanism of these materials. Assembly of nanorods can be driven by simple evaporation from solution or by rational design with molecular-scale connectors. Short nanorods appear to be more chemically reactive than long nanorods. Finally, optical applica...

Anisotropic metal nanoparticles: Synthesis, assembly, and optical applications

We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.

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Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems

The transmission and reflection of guided acoustic waves by a transverse boundary separating two isotropic plates has been studied by two numerical methods, viz. the pointmatching (collocation) method and the least‐squares boundary residual method. In both cases, normal mode expansions are made on both sides of the interface, and both propagating and evanescent modes are used to match the usual boundary conditions along the boundary. The plate thicknesses are chosen sufficiently large that the lowest‐order modes correspond very closely to Rayleigh waves and hence information is gained about the reflection and transmission of Rayleigh waves at material discontinuities. We have investigated the influence of the material properties and plate thicknesses on the guided wave reflection and transmission coefficients, as well as the conversion efficiency into higher order guided wave modes that approximate the bulk waves that would be excited in the two semi‐infinite media case.

Transmission and reflection of a surface wave plate mode through a transverse boundary separating two isotropic media

https://escholarship.org/content/qt9ns9w8c8/qt9ns9w8c8.pdf?t=pxetz7

Phonon contribution to wetting phenomena: macroscopic theory

We study theoretically the generation and scattering of second harmonic light at randomly rough metallic interfaces. For surfaces with relatively large roughness and slopes, we find that the angular distribution of the scattered light at the harmonic frequency displays well-defined minima in the backscattering direction, and show that this effect is due to destructive interference between waves that have been multiply scattered in the valleys of the surface. It is also shown that the complex amplitudes obtained at the frequency 2ω when the positions of the source and detector are exchanged exhibit some degree of anticorrelation.

Multiple-Scattering Effects in the Second Harmonic LightGenerated at Randomly Rough Metallic Interfaces

First-principles screening calculation of the surface phonon dispersion curves at the (100) surface of sodium

A periodically corrugated interface between vacuum and a high-index dielectric medium supports a p-polarized leaky surface electromagnetic wave whose sagittal plane is perpendicular to the generators of the interface. This wave is bound to the surface in the vacuum region, but radiates into the high-index dielectric medium. We study the excitation of this wave by p-polarized light incident from a prism on whose planar base the highindex dielectric medium in the form of a film is bonded. The unilluminated surface of the film is periodically corrugated, and is in contact with vacuum. Peaks and dips in the dependence of several low-order diffraction efficiencies on the angle of incidence (Wood anomalies) are the signatures of the excitation of the surface wave.

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A. A. Maradudin

Papers

Transmission and reflection of a surface wave plate mode through a transverse boundary separating two isotropic media

Phonon contribution to wetting phenomena: macroscopic theory

Multiple-Scattering Effects in the Second Harmonic LightGenerated at Randomly Rough Metallic Interfaces

First-principles screening calculation of the surface phonon dispersion curves at the (100) surface of sodium

The excitation and detection of a leaky surface electromagnetic wave on a high-index dielectric grating in a prism-coupler geometry