Fundamentals of Plasmonics.- Electromagnetics of Metals.- Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Metal / Insulator Interfaces.- Excitation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons at Planar Interfaces.- Imaging Surface Plasmon Polariton Propagation.- Localized Surface Plasmons.- Electromagnetic Surface Modes at Low Frequencies.- Applications.- Plasmon Waveguides.- Transmission of Radiation Through Apertures and Films.- Enhancement of Emissive Processes and Nonlinearities.- Spectroscopy and Sensing.- Metamaterials and Imaging with Surface Plasmon Polaritons.- Concluding Remarks.

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Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications

A new type of metallic electromagnetic structure has been developed that is characterized by having high surface impedance. Although it is made of continuous metal, and conducts dc currents, it does not conduct ac currents within a forbidden frequency band. Unlike normal conductors, this new surface does not support propagating surface waves, and its image currents are not phase reversed. The geometry is analogous to a corrugated metal surface in which the corrugations have been folded up into lumped-circuit elements, and distributed in a two-dimensional lattice. The surface can be described using solid-state band theory concepts, even though the periodicity is much less than the free-space wavelength. This unique material is applicable to a variety of electromagnetic problems, including new kinds of low-profile antennas.

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High-impedance electromagnetic surfaces with a forbidden frequency band

Integropartial differential equations of the linear theory of nonlocal elasticity are reduced to singular partial differential equations for a special class of physically admissible kernels. Solutions are obtained for the screw dislocation and surface waves. Experimental observations and atomic lattice dynamics appear to support the theoretical results very nicely.

On differential equations of nonlocal elasticity and solutions of screw dislocation and surface waves

This feature article highlights work from the authors' laboratories on the synthesis, assembly, reactivity, and optical applications of metallic nanoparticles of nonspherical shape, especially nanorods. The synthesis is a seed-mediated growth procedure, in which metal salts are reduced initially with a strong reducing agent, in water, to produce ∼4 nm seed particles. Subsequent reduction of more metal salt with a weak reducing agent, in the presence of structure-directing additives, leads to the controlled formation of nanorods of specified aspect ratio and can also yield other shapes of nanoparticles (stars, tetrapods, blocks, cubes, etc.). Variations in reaction conditions and crystallographic analysis of gold nanorods have led to insight into the growth mechanism of these materials. Assembly of nanorods can be driven by simple evaporation from solution or by rational design with molecular-scale connectors. Short nanorods appear to be more chemically reactive than long nanorods. Finally, optical applica...

Anisotropic metal nanoparticles: Synthesis, assembly, and optical applications

We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.

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Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems

Spectral Changes of Light Scattered from a Bounded Medium with a Random Surface

We have used the quantum Monte Carlo formalism to calculate the volume, pressure, and energy at three temperaturres for a nearest-neighbor Lennard-Jones solid, with parameters appropriate to solid neon. The purpose is to provide accurate test data for a system with substantial quantum effects. The results are compared with the predictions of the effective potential and improved self-consisten theories

Comparative study of a model quantum solid using quantum Monte Carlo, the effective potential, and improved self-consistent theories

A method is proposed for designing a two-dimensional randomly rough Dirichlet surface which, when illuminated at normal incidence, scatters a scalar plane wave with a specified angular distribution of its intensity. It is validated by computer simulation calculations.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1464-4258/7/2/019/pdf

The design of two-dimensional random surfaces with specified scattering properties

We study the scattering of p-polarized light from a one-dimensional randomly rough metal surface that is periodic on average, rather than planar. We find that the contribution to the mean differential reflection coefficient from the diffuse component of the scattered light displays features, e.g., dips, at scattering angles θs given by sin θs = −sin θ0 + n(λ/d), where θ0 is the angle of incidence, n is a nonzero integer, λ is the wavelength of the incident light, and d is the period of the average surface, in addition to the enhanced backscattering peak at θs = −θ0. These additional features are caused by the interference of each multiply scattered surface-plasmon polariton path with its time-reversed partner.

Scattering of light from random surfaces that are periodic on average.

We describe methods for designing and fabricating one-dimensional random surfaces that scatter light uniformly within a specified range of scattering angles, and produce no scattering outside this range. These methods are tested by means of computer simulations. Preliminary experimental results are presented.

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A. A. Maradudin

Papers

Spectral Changes of Light Scattered from a Bounded Medium with a Random Surface

Comparative study of a model quantum solid using quantum Monte Carlo, the effective potential, and improved self-consistent theories

The design of two-dimensional random surfaces with specified scattering properties

Scattering of light from random surfaces that are periodic on average.

The design and fabrication of one-dimensional random surfaces with specified scattering properties